Примечания книги Ловушка для внимания. Как вызвать и удержать интерес к идее, проекту или продукту. Автор книги Бен Парр

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Книга Ловушка для внимания. Как вызвать и удержать интерес к идее, проекту или продукту
Вы хотите, чтобы ваше творчество получило признание? Чтобы люди пользовались именно вашим продуктом, забыв о предложениях конкурентов? И чтобы ваш контент вызывал восторг у целевой аудитории? Чтобы люди осознали всю полезность проведенного вами исследования? А человек, в которого вы влюблены, обратил бы на вас внимание? Чтобы ваши студенты отложили свои гаджеты и, раскрыв рты, сосредоточенно слушали то, что вы говорите им? Если вы ответили положительно хотя бы на один из вопросов – эта книга для вас. Бен Парр, основатель и управляющий партнер венчурного фонда Dominate-Fund, инвестирующего в стартапы, публицист, журналист и исследователь феномена социальных сетей и технологий, рассказывает о том, как причудливо устроено наше внимание, и предлагает практические методы его привлечения для любой аудитории – в любой сфере деятельности или ситуации.

Примечания книги

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Инструмент контраста Das Plankton можно найти здесь: http://www.dasplankton.de/ContrastA/.

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На сайте проекта Noun Project (www.thenounproject.com) собраны тысячи простых, красивых и привлекающих внимание символов и иконок практически для всего что угодно.

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8

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110

Brian A. Anderson, Patryk A. Laurent, and Steven Yantis, “Value-Driven Attentional Capture,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108, no. 25 (2011): 10367–71.

111

Richard M. Ryan and Edward L. Deci, “Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations: Classic Definitions and New Directions,” Contemporary Educational Psychology 25, no. 1 (2000): 54–67.

112

Jessica Guynn, “L.A. Startup Looks for the Most Interesting Engineers in the World,” Los Angeles Times, December 1, 2011, http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/technology/2011/12/la-startup-is-looking-for-the-most-interesting-engineers-in-the-world.html.

113

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114

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115

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116

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117

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118

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119

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120

James K. Harter et al., “Causal Impact of Employee Work Perceptions on the Bottom Line of Organizations,” Perspectives on Psychological Science 5, no. 4 (2010): 378–89.

121

Шерил Сэндберг, интервью с автором по телефону, 13 мая 2013 г.

122

Steven Reiss, Who Am I?: 16 Basic Desires that Motivate Our Actions and Define Our Personalities (New York: Penguin, 2002).

123

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124

Robert Weisman, “An Iconoclast’s Ideas for Redefining Management,” Boston.com, May 9, 2004, http://www.boston.com/business/articles/2004/05/09/an_iconoclasts_ideas_for_redefining_management/.

125

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126

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127

Maryellen Hamilton and Suparna Rajaram, “The Concreteness Effect in Implicit and Explicit Memory Tests,” Journal of Memory and Language 44, no. 1 (2001): 96–117.

128

Dan Ariely, Emir Kamenica, and Dražen Prelec, “Man’s Search for Meaning: The Case of Legos,” Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 67, no. 3 (2008): 671–77.

129

Тарик Шокат, интервью с автором по телефону, 25 июня 2013 г.

130

Julie Jargon, “At McDonald’s, Salads Just Don’t Sell,” The Wall Street Journal, October 18, 2013, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702304384104579139871559464960.

131

Keith Wilcox et al., “Vicarious Goal Fulfillment: When the Mere Presence of a Healthy Option Leads to an Ironically Indulgent Decision,” Journal of Consumer Research 36, no. 3 (2009): 380–93.

132

Ayelet Fishbach and Kristian Ove R. Myrseth, “The Dieter’s Dilemma: Identifying When and How to Control Consumption,” in Obesity Prevention: The Role of Brain and Society on Individual Behavior, ed. Laurette Dube et al. (London: Elsevier, 2010), 353–64.

133

Josh Levs, “J. K. Rowling Revealed as Secret Author of Crime Novel,” CNN, July 16, 2013, http://www.cnn.com/2013/07/14/world/rowling-secret-book/; Alex Hern, “Sales of ‘The Cuckoo’s Calling’ Surge by 150,000 % After JK Rowling Revealed as Author,” New Statesman, July 14, 2013, http://www.newstatesman.com/2013/07/sales-cuckoos-calling-surge-150000-after-jk-rowling-revealed-author.

134

Matthew J. Salganik, Peter Sheridan Dodds, and Duncan J. Watts, “Experimental Study of Inequality and Unpredictability in an Artificial Cultural Market,” Science 311, no. 5762 (2006): 854–56.

135

Jan B. Engelmann et al., “Expert Financial Advice Neurobiologically ‘Offloads’ Financial Decision Making Under Risk,” PLoS One, 4, no. 3 (2009): e4957.

136

Robert B. Cialdini, Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion, rev. ed. (New York: HarperCollins, 1993).

137

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138

Hajo Adam and Adam D. Galinsky, “Enclothed Cognition,” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 48, no. 4 (2012): 918–25.

139

K. Anders Ericsson, et al., eds, The Cambridge Handbook of Expertise and Expert Performance (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2006).

140

Owen Jarus, “Mixed Martial Arts Celebrity Recruited for Ancient Roman Army,” LiveScience, March 29, 2012, http://www.livescience.com/19354-martial-artist-recruited-ancient-roman-army.html.

141

Stanley Milgram, “Behavioral Study of Obedience,” The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 67, no. 4 (1963): 371–78.

142

Steven Lukes, Power: A Radical View (London: Macmillan, 1974).

143

Olivia Fox Cabane, The Charisma Myth: How Anyone Can Master the Art and Science of Personal Magnetism (New York: Penguin, 2012).

144

George Eaton, “Should Pre-Election Opinion Polls Be Banned? A Third of MPs Think So,” New Statesman, November 13, 2013, http://www.newstatesman.com/politics/2013/11/should-pre-election-opinion-polls-be-banned-third-mps-think-so.

145

Ian McAllister and Donley T. Studlar, “Bandwagon, Underdog, or Projection? Opinion Polls and Electoral Choice in Britain, 1979–1987,” Journal of Politics 53, no. 3 (1991): 720–41.

146

James Surowiecki, The Wisdom of Crowds: Why the Many Are Smarter than the Few and How Collective Wisdom Shapes Business, Economies, Societies, and Nations (New York: Doubleday, 2004).

147

Michael Anderson and Jeremy Magruder, “Learning from the Crowd: Regression Discontinuity Estimates of the Effects of an Online Review Database,” The Economic Journal 122, no. 563 (2012): 957–89.

148

Michael Luca, Reviews, Reputation, and Revenue: The Case of Yelp.com, No. 12–016 (Harvard Business School, 2011).

149

Lance Ulanoff, “Why Sony Won the Format War,” PC, February 19, 2008, http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2264994,00.asp.

150

Solomon E. Asch, “Opinions and Social Pressure,” in Readings About the Social Animal, ed. Elliot Aronson (New York: Worth, 2004): 17–26.

151

Asch, “Opinions.”

152

Seth Borenstein, “Conformity Rules: Social Animals Really Do Exhibit Monkey-See, Monkey-Do Behavior, Research Shows,” Buffalo News, May 5, 2013, http://www.buffalonews.com/20130505/conformity_rules_social_animals_really_do_exhibit_monkey_see_monkey_do_behavior_research_shows.html.

153

Jeanne Theoharis, interview by Gwen Ifill, “Known for Single Act of Defiance, Rosa Parks Trained for Life Full of Activism,” PBS Newshour, February 7, 2013, http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/social_issues-jan-june13-rosaparks_02–07/.

154

Marisa Taylor, “Vitaminwater Gets Facebookers Brainstorming on a New Flavor,” Digits blog, The Wall Street Journal, September 8, 2009, http://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2009/09/08/vitaminwater-gets-facebookers-brainstorming-on-a-new-flavor/.

155

Kate Pickert and Adam Sorensen, “Inside Reddit’s Hunt for the Boston Bombers,” Time, April 23, 2013, http://nation.time.com/2013/04/23/inside-reddits-hunt-for-the-boston-bombers/.

156

Gonzalo De Polavieja and Gabriel Madirolas, “Wisdom of the Confident: Using Social Interactions to Eliminate the Bias in Wisdom of the Crowds” (paper, Cornell Univ. Library, June 30, 2014), http://arxiv.org/abs/1406.7578.

157

Genevieve Roberts, “Ben & Jerry’s Builds on Its Social-Values Approach,” New York Times, November 16, 2010, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/17/business/global/17iht-rbofice.html; “Ben Cohen & Jerry Greenfield,” Entrepreneur, October 10, 2008, http://www.entrepreneur.com/article/197626.

158

Jay Newton-Small, “The Rise and Fall of Elizabeth O’Bagy,” Time, September 17, 2013, http://swampland.time.com/2013/09/17/the-rise-and-fall-of-elizabeth-obagy/.

159

James Stewart, “In the Undoing of a C.E.O., a Puzzle,” New York Times, May 18, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/19/business/the-undoing-of-scott-thompson-at-yahoo-common-sense.html.

160

Brad Tuttle, “Warren Buffett’s Boring, Brilliant Wisdom,” Time, March 1, 2010, http://business.time.com/2010/03/01/warren-buffetts-boring-brilliant-wisdom/.

161

Mark Borkowski, The Fame Formula: How Hollywood’s Fixers, Fakers and Star Makers Created the Celebrity Industry (London: Pan Macmillan, 2009).

162

“Producing Gone with the Wind” (web exhibition, Harry Ransom Center, Univ. of Texas at Austin, through January 4, 2015), http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/exhibitions/web/gwtw/scarlett/.

163

Jason Abbruzzese, “Embrace the Binge: Netflix Viewers Average 2.3 Episodes per Sitting,” Mashable, December 13, 2013, http://mashable.com/2013/12/13/embrace-the-binge-netflix-data-shows-viewers-usually-watch-more-than-one-embargo-til-6am/.

164

Bluma Zeigarnik, “On Finished and Unfinished Tasks,” in A Source Book of Gestalt Psychology ed. Willis D. Ellis (New York: Routledge, 2013), 300–14.

165

James T. Heimbach and Jacob Jacoby, “The Zeigarnik Effect in Advertising,” in Proceedings of the Third Annual Conference of the Association for Consumer Research (1972), 746–58.

166

Malcolm R. Parks and Mara B. Adelman, “Communication Networks and the Development of Romantic Relationships: An Expansion of Uncertainty Reduction Theory,” Human Communication Research 10, no. 1 (1983): 55–79; Charles R. Berger, “Uncertain Outcome Values in Predicted Relationships: Uncertainty Reduction Theory Then and Now,” Human Communication Research 13, no. 1 (1986): 34–38; Kathy Kellermann and Rodney Reynolds, “When Ignorance Is Bliss: The Role of Motivation to Reduce Uncertainty in Uncertainty Reduction Theory,” Human Communication Research 17, no. 1 (1990): 5–75.

167

Anthony Breznican, “Mystifying Trailer Transforms Marketing,” USA Today, July 9, 2007, http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2007–07–08-abrams-trailer_N.htm.

168

Alison Vingiano, “This Is How a Woman’s Offensive Tweet Became the World’s Top Story,” BuzzFeed, December 21, 2013, http://www.buzzfeed.com/alisonvingiano/this-is-how-a-womans-offensive-tweet-became-the-worlds-top-s.

169

Vingiano, “This Is How.”

170

Jeff Bercovici, “Justine Sacco and the Self-InflictedPerils of Twitter,” Forbes, December 23, 2013, http://www.forbes.com/sites/jeffbercovici/2013/12/23/justine-sacco-and-the-self-inflicted-perils-of-twitter/.

171

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172

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173

Dolf Zillmann, T. Alan Hay, and Jennings Bryant, “The Effect of Suspense and Its Resolution on the Appreciation of Dramatic Presentations,” Journal of Research in Personality 9, no. 4 (1975): 307–23.

174

Noël Carroll, “The Paradox of Suspense,” in Suspense: Conceptualizations, Theoretical Analyses, and Empirical Explorations, eds. Peter Vorderer, Hans J. Wulff, and Mike Friedrichsen (New York: Routledge, 2013), 71–91.

175

Robert Madrigal and Colleen Bee, “Suspense as an Experience of Mixed Emotions: Feelings of Hope and Fear While Watching Suspenseful Commercials,” Advances in Consumer Research 32, no. 1 (2005): 561.

176

Colleen C. Bee and Robert Madrigal, “It’s Not Whether You Win or Lose; It’s How the Game Is Played,” Journal of Advertising 41, no. 1 (2012): 47–58.

177

Стивен Содерберг, интервью с автором, Нью-Йорк, 17 июля 2013 г.

178

Eric McWhinnie, “How Much Will March Madness Cost Corporate America?” Wall St. Cheat Sheet, March 13, 2014, http://wallstcheatsheet.com/politics/how-much-will-march-madness-cost-corporate-america.html/; Erik Matuszewski, “March Madness Gambling Brings Out Warnings from NCAA to Tournament Players,” Bloomberg, March 17, 2011, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011–03–17/march-madness-gambling-brings-out-warnings-from-ncaa-to-tournament-players.html.

179

Harry E. Blanchard and Asghar Iran-Nejad, “Comprehension Processes and Eye Movement Patterns in the Reading of Surprise-Ending Stories,” Discourse Processes 10, no. 1 (1987): 127–38.

180

Emily Nussbaum, “Tune In Next Week,” The New Yorker, July 30, 2012, http://www.newyorker.com/arts/critics/television/2012/07/30/120730crte_television_nussbaum; Harold MacGrath, The Adventures of Kathlyn (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1914).

181

Mike Fenn, “60,000 Redditors Want to Know What’s in This Safe,” The Daily Dot, March 18, 2013, http://www.dailydot.com/society/reddit-whatsinthisthing-locked-safe-new-zealand/.

182

Ben Parr, “Startup Crisis Control: 6 Painful Lessons from Airbnb,” Mashable, July 29, 2011, http://mashable.com/2011/07/29/airbnb-pr-crisis/; Michael Arrington, “The Moment of Truth for Airbnb as User’s Home Is Utterly Trashed,” TechCrunch, July 27, 2011, http://techcrunch.com/2011/07/27/the-moment-of-truth-for-airbnb-as-users-home-is-utterly-trashed/.

183

Austin Carr, “The Secret to Airbnb’s Freakishly Rapid Orgy Response: ‘Scenario Planning,’ ” Fast Company, March 17, 2014, http://www.fastcompany.com/3027798/the-secret-to-airbnbs-freakishly-rapid-orgy-response-scenario-planning.

184

NPR, “How to Write a Great Mystery,” Talk of the Nation, July 28, 2008, http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=92995184.

185

Mark Alford, “Isaac Newton: The First Physicist,” Washington Univ. in St. Louis, 1995, http://physics.wustl.edu/~alford/newton.html.

186

Кина Граннис, интервью с автором, Лос-Анджелес, 11 июня 2013 г.

187

Kina Grannis, “Gotta Digg,” YouTube, December 23, 2007, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XLLRsn_nr6s.

188

James A. Coan, Hillary S. Schaefer, and Richard J. Davidson, “Lending a Hand: Social Regulation of the Neural Response to Threat,” Psychological Science 17, no. 12 (2006): 1032–39.

189

Deirdra Funcheon, “Balloon Boy 2012: Three Years After the Hoax, Falcon Heene Fronts a Metal Band,” New Times Broward-Palm Beach, December 13, 2012, http://www.browardpalmbeach.com/2012–12–13/news/balloon-boy-2012-three-years-after-hoax-falcon-heene-fronts-a-metal-band/full/.

190

Yalda T. Uhls and Patricia M. Greenfield, “The Value of Fame: Preadolescent Perceptions of Popular Media and Their Relationship to Future Aspirations,” Developmental Psychology 48, no. 2 (2012): 315–26.

191

Jeremy Rifkin, The Empathic Civilization: The Race to Global Consciousness in a World in Crisis (New York: Penguin, 2009).

192

Дик Гуттман, интервью с автором по телефону, 11 мая 2013 г.

193

Ben Parr, “Likes, Retweets, Comments & the Rise of the Validation Society,” Ben Parr’s Entrepreneurial Musings blog, January 24, 2012, http://benparr.com/2012/01/validation-society/.

194

Jenna Wortham, “Valley of the Blahs: How Justin Bieber’s Troubles Exposed Twitter’s Achilles’ Heel,” Bits blog, New York Times, January 25, 2014, http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/01/25/valley-of-the-blahs-how-justin-biebers-downfall-exposed-twitters-achilles-heel/.

195

Джош Элман, интервью с автором, Халф-Мун-Бей, Калифорния, 17 июня 2013 г.

196

Carol Kuruvilla, “San Francisco Turns into Gotham City for Batkid,” Daily News, November 16, 2013, http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/san-francisco-turns-gotham-city-batkid-article-1.1518454; Bill Chappell, “Holy Empathy! Batkid Lives Superhero Dream in San Francisco,” The Two-Way, NPR, November 15, 2013, http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2013/11/15/245480296/holy-empathy-batkid-lives-superhero-dream-in-san-francisco.

197

Deborah A. Small, George Loewenstein, and Paul Slovic, “Sympathy and Callousness: The Impact of Deliberative Thought on Donations to Identifiable and Statistical Victims,” Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 102, no. 2 (2007): 143–53.

198

Скотт Харрисон, интервью с автором по телефону, Нью-Йорк, 7 июня 2013 г.

199

Donald Horton and R. Richard Wohl, “Mass Communication and Para-Social Interaction: Observations on Intimacy at a Distance,” Psychiatry 19, no. 3 (1956): 215–29.

200

Мона Номура, интервью с автором по СМС, 18 декабря 2014 г.

201

Kenneth Maxwell and Andrew Joyce, “The Man Who Made AKB48,” Japan RealTime blog, The Wall Street Journal, December 28, 2013, http://blogs.wsj.com/japanrealtime/2011/12/28/the-man-who-made-akb48/; Tokyo Hive, “Oricon Reveals ‘Artist Total Sales Revenue’ Ranking for 2012,” December 20, 2012, http://www.tokyohive.com/article/2012/12/oricon-reveals-artist-total-sales-revenue-ranking-for-2012/; Michael Cucek, “Japanese Idol,” Latitude blog, New York Times, June 14, 2013, http://latitude.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/06/14/japanese-idol/?gwh=F315862CCB765F470AA0C90C0F44296F.

202

Daniel Bentley, “I Asked for Eggs,” Medium, May 15, 2013, https://medium.com/this-happened-to-me/i-asked-for-eggs-c9e6fd3ef792.

203

Susan Marks, Finding Betty Crocker: The Secret Life of America’s First Lady of Food (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2010).

204

Алексия Цоцис, интервью с автором, Сан-Франциско, 19 июня 2013 г.

205

Марк Эклер, e-mail автору, 9 февраля 2013 г.

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