Онлайн книга
Примечания книги
1
Тинберген Н. Мир серебристой чайки. — М.: АСТ-Пресс Книга, 2012.
2
Название «бихевиоризм» происходит от англ. behaviour — поведение. — Прим. пер.
3
Стремление животных обследовать и чистить не только себя, но и других, искать насекомых, вычесывать шерсть — так называемый «груминг» — у приматов обусловлено не просто гигиеной, но играет социальную и сексуальную функцию, формирует психологические и иерархические связи.
4
Моррис Д. Голая обезьяна. — М.: Эксмо, 2009..
5
Нидерл. puttertje — щегол происходит от put — колодец и putten — черпать. — Прим. пер.
6
Тартт Д. Щегол. — М.: Corpus, АСТ, 2014.
7
Ладыгина-Котс Н. Н. Дитя шимпанзе и дитя человека. — М.: Государственный Дарвиновский музей, 1935.
8
IQ — коэффициент интеллекта (англ. intelligence quotient), служащий количественной оценкой уровня умственного развития человека. — Прим. пер.
9
Уайт Л. Избранное: Эволюция культуры. — М.: РОССПЭН, 2004.
10
Де Вааль Ф. Политика у шимпанзе. Власть и секс у приматов. — М.: Высшая школа экономики, 2016.
11
Лавик-Гудолл Дж. В тени человека. — М.: Мир, 1974.
12
Конрад Л. Кольцо царя Соломона. — М.: Знание, 1980.
1
Charles Darwin (1972 [orig. 1871]), p. 105.
2
Ernst Mayr (1982), p. 97.
3
Richard Byrne (1995), Jacques Vauclair (1996), Michael Tomasello and Josep Call (1997), James Gould and Carol Grant Gould (1999), Marc Bekoff et al. (2002), Susan Hurley and Matthew Nudds (2006), John Pearce (2008), Sara Shettleworth (2012), and Clive Wynne and Monique Udell (2013).
4
Werner Heisenberg (1958), p. 26.
5
Jakob von Uexküll (1957 [orig. 1934]), p. 76. See also Jakob von Uexküll (1909).
6
Thomas Nagel (1974).
7
Ludwig Wittgenstein (1958 [orig. 1953]), p. 225.
8
Martin Lindauer (1987), p 6, quoting Karl von Frisch.
9
Donald Griffin (2001).
10
Ronald Lanner (1996).
11
Niko Tinbergen, (1953), Eugиne Marais (1969), Dorothy Cheney and Robert Seyfarth (1992), Alexandra Horowitz (2010), and E. O. Wilson (2010).
12
Benjamin Beck (1967).
13
Preston Foerder et al. (2011).
14
Daniel Povinelli (1989).
15
12 Joshua Plotnik et al. (2006).
16
Lisa Parr and Frans de Waal (1999).
17
Doris Tsao et al. (2008).
18
Konrad Lorenz (1981), p. 38.
19
Edward Thorndike (1898) inspired Edwin Guthrie and George Horton (1946).
20
Bruce Moore and Susan Stuttard (1979).
21
Edward Wasserman (1993).
22
Donald Griffin (1976).
23
Victor Stenger (1999).
24
Jan van Hooff (1972), Marina Davila Ross et al. (2009).
25
Frans de Waal (1999).
26
Gordon Burghardt (1991).
27
Frans de Waal (2000), Nicola Koyama (2001), Mathias Osvath and Helena Osvath (2008).
28
William Hodos and C. B. G. Campbell (1969).
29
«Pigeon, rat, monkey, which is which? It doesn't matter.» B. F. Skinner (1956), p. 230.
30
Konrad Lorenz (1941).
31
Esther Cullen (1957).
32
Bonnie Perdue et al. (2011), Steven Gaulin and Randall Fitzgerald (1989).
33
Bruce Moore (1973), Michael Domjan and Bennett Galef (1983).
34
Sara Shettleworth (1993), Bruce Moore (2004).
35
Louise Buckley et al. (2011).
36
Harry Harlow (1953), p. 31.
37
Donald Dewsbury (2006), p. 226.
38
John Falk (1958).
39
Keller Breland and Marian Breland (1961).
40
B. F. Skinner (1969), p. 40.
41
William Thorpe (1979).
42
Richard Burkhardt (2005).
43
Desmond Morris (2010), p. 51.
44
Anne Burrows et al. (2006).
45
George Romanes (1882), George Romanes (1884).
46
C. Lloyd Morgan (1894), pp. 53–54.
47
Roger Thomas (1998), Elliott Sober (1998).
48
C. Lloyd Morgan (1903).
49
Frans de Waal (1999).
50
René Röell (1996).
51
Niko Tinbergen (1963).
52
Oskar Pfungst (1911).
53
Douglas Candland (1993).
54
«The Remarkable Orlov Trotter,» Black River Orlovs, www.infohorse.com/ShowAd.asp?id=3693.
55
Juliane Kaminski et al. (2004).
56
Gordon Gallup (1970).
57
Robert Epstein et al. (1981).
58
Roger Thompson and Cynthia Contie (1994), but see Emiko Uchino and Shigeru Watanabe (2014).
59
Celia Heyes (1995).
60
Daniel Povinelli et al. (1997).
61
Jeremy Kagan (2000), Frans de Waal (2009a).
62
Kinji Imanishi (1952), Junichiro Itani and Akisato Nishimura (1973).
63
Bennett Galef (1990).
64
Frans de Waal (2001).
65
Satoshi Hirata et al. (2001).
66
David Premack and Ann Premack (1994).
67
Josep Call (2004), Juliane Bräuer et al. (2006).
68
Josep Call (2006).
69
Daniel Lehrman (1953).
70
Richard Burkhardt (2005), p. 390.
71
Ibid., p. 370; Hans Kruuk (2003).
72
Frank Beach (1950).
73
Donald Dewsbury (2000).
74
John Garcia et al. (1955).
75
Shettleworth (2010).
76
Hans Kummer et al. (1990).
77
Frans de Waal (2003b).
78
Hans Kruuk (2003), p. 157.
79
Niko Tinbergen and Walter Kruyt (1938).
80
Frans de Waal (2007 [orig. 1982]).
81
Wolfgang Kцhler (1925). The German original, Intelligenzprüfungen an Anthropoiden, appeared in 1917.
82
Robert Yerkes (1925), p. 120.
83
Robert Epstein (1987).
84
Emil Menzel (1972). Menzel was interviewed by the author in 2001.
85
Jane Goodall (1986), p. 357.
86
Frans de Waal (2007 [orig. 1982]).
87
Jennifer Pokorny and Frans de Waal (2009).
88
John Marzluff and Tony Angell (2005), p. 24.
89
John Marzluff et al. (2010); Garry Hamilton (2012).
90
Michael Sheehan and Elizabeth Tibbetts (2011).
91
Johan Bolhuis and Clive Wynne (2009), see also Frans de Waal (2009a).
92
Marco Vasconcelos et al. (2012).
93
Jonathan Buckley et al. (2010).
94
Barry Allen (1997).
95
M. M. Günther and Christophe Boesch (1993).
96
Gen Yamakoshi (1998).
97
«Tool use is the external employment of an unattached environmental object to alter more efficiently the form, position, or condition of another object, another organism, or the user itself when the user holds or carries the tool during or just prior to use and is responsible for the proper and effective orientation of the tool.» Benjamin Beck (1980), p. 10.
98
Robert Amant and Thomas Horton (2008).
99
Jane Goodall (1967), p. 32.
100
Crickette Sanz et al. (2010).
101
Christophe Boesch et al. (2009), Ebang Wilfried and Juichi Yamagiwa (2014).
102
William McGrew (2010).
103
Jill Pruetz and Paco Bertolani (2007).
104
Tetsuro Matsuzawa (1994), Noriko Inoue-Nakamura and Tetsuro Matsuzawa (1997).
105
Jürgen Lethmate (1982).
106
Carel van Schaik et al. (1999).
107
Thibaud Gruber et al. (2010), Esther Herrmann et al. (2008).
108
Thomas Breuer et al. (2005), Jean-Felix Kinani and Dawn Zimmerman (2015).
109
Eduardo Ottoni and Massimo Mannu (2001).
110
Dorothy Fragaszy et al. (2004).
111
Julio Mercader et al. (2007).
112
Elisabetta Visalberghi and Luca Limongelli (1994).
113
Luca Limongelli et al. (1995), Gema Martin-Ordas et al. (2008).
114
William Mason (1976), pp. 292–93.
115
Michael Gumert et al. (2009).
116
«Honey Badgers: Masters of Mayhem,» Nature, broadcast Feb. 19, 2014, Public Broadcasting Service.
117
Alex Weir et al. (2002).
118
Gavin Hunt (1996), Hunt and Russell Gray (2004).
119
Christopher Bird and Nathan Emery (2009), Alex Taylor and Russell Gray (2009), Sarah Jelbert et al. (2014).
120
Alex Taylor et al. (2014).
121
Natacha Mendes et al. (2007), Daniel Hanus et al. (2011).
122
Daniel Hanus et al. (2011).
123
Gavin Hunt et al. (2007), p. 291.
124
William McGrew (2013).
125
Alex Taylor et al. (2007).
126
Nathan Emery and Nicola Clayton (2004).
127
Vladimir Dinets et al. (2013).
128
Julian Finn et al. (2009).
129
Bishop of Polignac, cited in Corbey (2005), p. 54.
130
Nadezhda Ladygina-Kohts (2002 [orig. 1935]).
131
Herbert Terrace et al. (1979).
132
Irene Pepperberg (2008).
133
Michele Alexander and Terri Fisher (2003).
134
Norman Malcolm (1973), p. 17.
135
Jerry Fodor (1975), p. 56.
136
Irene Pepperberg (1999).
137
Bruce Moore (1992).
138
Alice Auersperg et al. (2012).
139
Ewen Callaway (2012).
140
Sarah Boysen and Gary Berntson (1989).
141
Irene Pepperberg (2012).
142
Irene Pepperberg (1999), p. 327.
143
Sapolsky (2010).
144
Evolution of Language International Conferences, www.evolang.org.
145
Frans de Waal (2007 [orig. 1982], de Waal (1996), de Waal (2009a).
146
Dorothy Cheney and Robert Seyfarth (1990).
147
Kate Arnold and Klaus Zuberbьhler (2008).
148
Toshitaka Suzuki (2014).
149
Brandon Wheeler and Julia Fischer (2012).
150
Tabitha Price (2013), Nicholas Ducheminsky et al. (2014).
151
Amy Pollick and Frans de Waal (2007), Katja Liebal et al. (2013), Catherine Hobaiter and Richard Byrne (2014).
152
Frans de Waal (2003a).
153
In 1980 Thomas Sebeok and the New York Academy of Sciences organized a conference entitled «The Clever Hans Phenomenon: Communication with Horses, Whales, Apes, and People.»
154
Sue Savage-Rumbaugh and Roger Lewin (1994), p. 50, Jean Aitchison (2000).
155
Muhammad Spocter et al. (2010).
156
Sandra Wohlgemuth et al. (2014).
157
Andreas Pfenning et al. (2014).
158
Frans de Waal (1997), p. 38.
159
Robert Yerkes (1925), p. 79.
160
Oliver Sacks (1985).
161
Robert Yerkes (1943).
162
Vilmos Csónyi (2000), Alexandra Horowitz (2009), Brian Hare and Vanessa Woods (2013).
163
Tiffani Howell et al. (2013).
164
Sally Satel and Scott Lilienfeld (2013).
165
Craig Ferris et al. (2001), John Marzluff et al. (2012).
166
Gregory Berns (2013).
167
Gregory Berns et al. (2013).
168
Sana Inoue and Tetsuro Matsuzawa (2007), Alan Silberberg and David Kearns (2009), Tetsuro Matsuzawa (2009).
169
Jo Thompson (2002).
170
David Premack (2010), p. 30.
171
Marc Hauser interviewed by Jerry Adler (2008).
172
The Public Broadcasting Service entitled a 2010 series The Human Spark.
173
Alfred Russel Wallace (1869), p. 392.
174
Suzana Herculano-Houzel et al. (2014), Ferris Jabr (2014).
175
Katerina Semendeferi et al. (2002), Suzana Herculano-Houzel (2009), Frederico Azevedo et al. (2009).
176
Ajit Varki and Danny Brower (2013), Thomas Suddendorf (2013), Michael Tomasello (2014).
177
Jeremy Taylor (2009), Helene Guldberg (2010).
178
Virginia Morell (2013), p. 232.
179
Robert Sorge et al. (2014).
180
Emil Menzel (1974).
181
Katie Hall et al. (2014).
182
David Premack and Guy Woodruff (1978).
183
Frans de Waal (2008), Stephanie Preston (2013).
184
Adam Smith (1976 [orig. 1759]), p. 10.
185
J. B. Siebenaler and David Caldwell (1956), p. 126.
186
Frans de Waal (2005), p. 191.
187
Frans de Waal (2009a).
188
Shinya Yamamoto et al. (2009).
189
Yuko Hattori et al. (2012).
190
Henry Wellman et al. (2000).
191
Ljerka Ostojicґ et al. (2013).
192
Daniel Povinelli (1998).
193
Derek Penn and Daniel Povinelli (2007).
194
David Leavens et al. (1996), Autumn Hostetter et al. (2001).
195
Catherine Crockford et al. (2012), Anne Marijke Schel et al. (2013).
196
Brian Hare et al. (2001).
197
Hika Kuroshima et al. (2003), Anne Marije Overduin-de Vries et al. (2013).
198
Anna Ilona Roberts et al. (2013).
199
Daniel Povinelli (2000).
200
Esther Herrmann et al. (2007).
201
Yuko Hattori et al. (2010).
202
Allan Gardner et al. (2011).
203
Frans de Waal (2001), de Waal et al. (2008), Christophe Boesch (2007).
204
Nathan Emery and Nicky Clayton (2001).
205
Thomas Bugnyar and Bernd Heinrich (2005); see also «Quoth the Raven», Economist, May 13, 2004.
206
Josep Call and Michael Tomasello (2008).
207
Atsuko Saito and Kazutaka Shinozuka (2013), p. 689.
208
Brian Hare et al. (2002), Бdбm Miklуsi et al. (2003), Hare and Michael Tomasello (2005), Monique Udell et al. (2008, 2010), Mбrta Gбcsi et al. (2009).
209
Miho Nagasawa et al. (2015).
210
Leslie White (1959), p. 5.
211
Edward Thorndike (1898), p. 50, Michael Tomasello and Josep Call (1997).
212
Michael Tomasello et al. (1993ab), David Bjorklund et al. (2000).
213
Victoria Horner and Andrew Whiten (2005).
214
David Premack (2010).
215
Andrew Whiten et al. (2005), Victoria Horner et al. (2006), Kristin Bonnie et al. (2006), Horner and Frans de Waal (2010), Horner and de Waal (2009).
216
Michael Huffman (1996), p. 276.
217
Edwin van Leeuwen et al. (2014).
218
William McGrew and Caroline Tutin (1978).
219
Frans de Waal (2001), de Waal and Kristin Bonnie (2009).
220
Elizabeth Lonsdorf et al. (2004).
221
Victoria Horner et al. (2010), Rachel Kendal et al. (2015).
222
Christine Caldwell and Andrew Whiten (2002).
223
Friederike Range and Zsуfia Virбnyi (2014).
224
Jeremy Kagan (2004), David Premack (2007).
225
Charles Darwin, Notebook M, 1838, http://darwin-online.org.uk.
226
Lydia Hopper et al. (2008).
227
Frans de Waal (2009a), Delia Fuhrmann et al. (2014).
228
Suzana Herculano-Houzel et al. (2011, 2014).
229
Josef Parvizi (2009).
230
Robert Barton (2012).
231
Michael Corballis (2002), William Calvin (1982).
232
Natasja de Groot et al. (2010)
233
The «Mens vs aap — experiment» video can be seen at http://bit.ly/ 1gb LiCm.
234
Christopher Martin et al. (2014).
235
Frans de Waal (2007 [orig. 1982]).
236
Benjamin Beck (1982).
237
Alaska governor Sarah Palin, policy speech, Pittsburgh, PA, October 24, 2008.
238
Frans de Waal (2007 [orig. 1982]).
239
Donald Griffin (1976).
240
Hans Kummer (1971), Kummer (1995).
241
Jane Goodall (1971).
242
Christopher Martin et al. (2014).
243
Frans de Waal and Jan van Hooff (1981).
244
Frans de Waal (2007 [orig. 1982]).
245
Marcel Foster et al. (2009)
246
Toshisada Nishida et al. (1992).
247
Toshisada Nishida (1983), Nishida and Kazuhiko Hosaka (1996).
248
Victoria Horner et al. (2011).
249
Malini Suchak and Frans de Waal (2012).
250
Hans Kummer et al. (1990), Frans de Waal (1991).
251
Richard Byrne and Andrew Whiten (1988).
252
Robin Dunbar (1998b).
253
Thomas Geissmann and Mathias Orgeldinger (2000).
254
Sarah Gouzoules et al. (1984).
255
Dorothy Cheney and Robert Seyfarth (1992).
256
Susan Perry et al. (2004).
257
Susan Perry (2008), p. 47.
258
Katie Slocombe and Klaus Zuberbühler (2007).
259
Dorothy Cheney and Robert Seyfarth (1986, 1989), Filippo Aureli et al. (1992).
260
Peter Judge (1991), Judge and Sonia Mullen (2005).
261
Ronald Schusterman et al. (2003).
262
Dalila Bovet and David Washburn (2003), Regina Paxton et al. (2010).
263
Jorg Massen et al. (2014a).
264
Meredith Crawford (1937).
265
Kim Mendres and Frans de Waal (2000).
266
Alicia Melis et al. (2006a), Alicia Melis et al. (2006b), Sarah Brosnan et al. (2006).
267
Frans de Waal and Michelle Berger (2000).
268
Ernst Fehr and Urs Fischbacher (2003).
269
Robert Boyd (2006), countered by Kevin Langergraber et al. (2007).
270
Malini Suchak and Frans de Waal (2012), Jingzhi Tan and Brian Hare (2013).
271
National Academies of Sciences and Engineering, Keck Futures Initiative Conference, Irvine, CA, November 2014.
272
E. O. Wilson (1975).
273
Michael Tomasello (2008), Gary Stix (2014), p. 77.
274
Emil Menzel (1972).
275
Joshua Plotnik et al. (2011).
276
Ingrid Visser et al. (2008).
277
Christophe Boesch and Hedwige Boesch-Achermann (2000).
278
The two photographs are featured in Gary Stix (2014).
279
Malini Suchak et al. (2014).
280
Michael Wilson et al. (2014).
281
Sarah Calcutt et al. (2014).
282
Hal Whitehead and Luke Rendell (2015).
283
Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal (2003). See also «Two Monkeys Were Paid Unequally,» TED Blog Video, http://bit.ly/1GO05tz.
284
Sarah Brosnan et al. (2010), Proctor et al. (2013).
285
Frederieke Range et al. (2008), Claudia Wascher and Thomas Bugnyar (2013), Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal (2014).
286
Redouan Bshary and Ronald Noё (2003).
287
Redouan Bshary et al. (2006).
288
Alexander Vail et al. (2014).
289
Toshisada Nishida and Kazuhiko Hosaka (1996).
290
Jorg Massen et al. (2014b).
291
Caitlin O'Connell (2015).
292
Robert Browning (2006 [orig. 1896]), p. 113.
293
Otto Tinklepaugh (1928).
294
Gema Martin-Ordas et al. (2013).
295
Marcel Proust (1913), p. 48.
296
Karline Janmaat et al. (2014), Simone Ban et al. (2014).
297
Endel Tulving (1972, 2001).
298
Nicola Clayton and Anthony Dickinson (1998).
299
Stephanie Babb and Jonathon Crystal (2006).
300
Sadie Dingfelder (2007), p. 26.
301
Thomas Suddendorf (2013), p. 103.
302
Endel Tulving (2005).
303
Mathias Osvath (2009).
304
Lucia Jacobs and Emily Liman (1991).
305
Nicholas Mulcahy and Josep Call (2006).
306
Mathias Osvath and Helena Osvath (2008), Osvath and Gema Martin-Ordas (2014).
307
Juliane Bräuer and Josep Call (2015).
308
Caroline Raby et al. (2007), Sйrgio Correia et al. (2007), William Roberts (2012).
309
Nicola Koyama et al. (2006).
310
Carel van Schaik et al. (2013).
311
Anoopum Gupta et al. (2010), Andrew Wikenheiser and David Redish (2012).
312
Sara Shettleworth (2007), Michael Corballis (2013).
313
In 2011 French media compared Dominique Strauss-Kahn to a «chimpanzé en rut.»
314
Richard Byrne (1995), p. 133, Robin Dunbar (1998a).
315
Ramona Morris and Desmond Morris (1966).
316
Philip Kitcher (2006), p. 136.
317
Harry Frankfurt (1971), p. 11, also Roy Baumeister (2008).
318
Jessica Bramlett et al. (2012).
319
Michael Beran (2002), Theodore Evans and Beran (2007).
320
Friederike Hilleman et al. (2014).
321
Adrienne Koepke et al. (in press).
322
Walter Mischel and Ebbe Ebbesen (1970).
323
David Leavens et al. (2001).
324
Walter Mischel et al. (1972), p. 217.
325
Michael Beran (2015).
326
Sarah Boysen and Gary Berntson (1995).
327
Edward Tolman (1927).
328
David Smith et al. (1995).
329
Robert Hampton (2004).
330
Allison Foote and Jonathon Crystal (2007).
331
Arii Watanabe et al. (2014).
332
Josep Call and Malinda Carpenter (2001), Robert Hampton et al. (2004).
333
Alastair Inman and Sara Shettleworth (1999).
334
The Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness, July 7, 2012, Francis Crick Memorial Conference at Churchill College, University of Cambridge.
335
Joshua Plotnik et al. (2006). See also «Mirror Self-Recognition in Asian Elephants» (video), Jan. 11, 2015, http://bit.ly/1spFNoA.
336
Joshua Plotnik et al. (2014).
337
Michael Garstang et al. (2014).
338
Ulric Neisser (1967), p. 3.
339
Lucy Bates et al. (2007).
340
Karen McComb et al. (2014).
341
Karen McComb et al. (2011).
342
Joseph Soltis et al. (2014).
343
Gordon Gallup Jr. (1970), James Anderson and Gallup (2011).
344
Daniel Povinelli (1987).
345
Emanuela Cenami Spada et al. (1995), Mark Bekoff and Paul Sherman (2003).
346
Matthew Jorgensen et al. (1995), Koji Toda and Shigeru Watanabe (2008).
347
Doris Bischof-Köhler (1991), Carolyn Zahn-Waxler et al. (1992), Frans de Waal (2008).
348
Abigail Rajala et al. (2010), Liangtang Chang et al. (2015).
349
Frans de Waal et al. (2005).
350
Philippe Rochat (2003).
351
Diana Reiss and Lori Marino (2001).
352
Helmut Prior et al. (2008).
353
My translation of Jürgen Lethmate and Gerti Dücker (1973), p. 254.
354
Ralph Buchsbaum et al. (1987 [orig. 1938]).
355
Roland Anderson and Jennifer Mather (2010).
356
Katherine Harmon Courage (2013), p. 115.
357
Roland Anderson et al. (2010).
358
Jennifer Mather et al. (2010), Roger Hanlon and John Messenger (1996).
359
Roland Anderson et al. (2002).
360
Aristotle (1991), p. 323.
361
Jennifer Mather and Roland Anderson (1999), Sarah Zylinski (2015).
362
Roger Hanlon (2007), Hanlon (2013).
363
Roger Hanlon et al. (1999).
364
Culum Brown et al. (2012).
365
Robert Jackson (1992), Stim Wilcox and Jackson (2002).
366
Andrew Whiten et al. (2005).
367
Edwin van Leeuwen and Daniel Haun (2013).
368
Susan Perry (2009); see also Marietta Dindo et al. (2009).
369
Elizabeth Lonsdorf et al. (2004).
370
Jenny Allen et al. (2013).
371
Erica van de Waal et al. (2013).
372
Nicolas Claidiére et al. (2015).
373
Frans de Waal and Denise Johanowicz (1993).
374
Kristin Bonnie and Frans de Waal (2007).
375
Michio Nakamura et al. (2000).
376
Tetsuro Matsuzawa (1994), Noriko Inoue-Nakamura and Matsuzawa (1997).
377
Stuart Watson et al. (2015).
378
Tetsuro Matsuzawa et al. (2001), Frans de Waal (2001).
379
Konrad Lorenz (1952), p. 86.
380
Frans de Waal and Jennifer Pokorny (2008).
381
Frans de Waal and Peter Tyack (2003).
382
Stephanie King et al. (2013).
383
Laela Sayigh et al. (1999), Vincent Janik et al. (2006).
384
Jason Bruck (2013).
385
Stephanie King and Vincent Janik (2013).
386
Marc Bekoff and Colin Allen (1997), p. 316.
387
Anthony Tramontin and Eliot Brenowitz (2000).
388
Jonathan Marks (2002), p. xvi.
389
David Hume (1985 [orig. 1739]), p. 226, with thanks to Gerald Massey.
390
«Study: Dolphins Not So Intelligent on Land,» Onion, Feb. 15, 2006.
391
Jolyon Troscianko et al. (2012).
392
Donald Dewsbury (2000).
393
Frans de Waal and Sarah Brosnan (2006).
394
Frans de Waal and Pier Francesco Ferrari (2010).
Автор книги - Франс В.М. де Валь
Франс ДЕ ВААЛЬ (ДЕ ВАЛЬ), родился 29 октября 1948 года в Хертогенбосе, Нидерланды
Нидерландский приматолог и этолог. Профессор поведения приматов кафедры психологии Университета Эмори в городе Атланта, США. Директор центра Living Links Center в Национальном центре исследования приматов Йеркеса (Yerkes National Primate Research Center).
В 1977 году Франс де Валь получил степень доктора философии по биологии в Утрехтском университете. С 1993 года член Нидерландской королевской академии наук. В 1997 году попал в список ста самых влиятельных людей в мире по версии журнала ...