Примечания книги Финская система обучения. Как устроены лучшие школы в мире. Автор книги Тимоти Волкер

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Книга Финская система обучения. Как устроены лучшие школы в мире
Когда система школьного образования в Финляндии была признана самой лучшей по результатам теста PISA, педагоги со всего мира принялись изучать опыт финских коллег, пытаясь понять, в чем же заключается их секрет. Американский преподаватель Тимоти Уокер, который два года проработал учителем в хельсинкской школе, утверждает, что в основе всех достижений финских школьников лежит простой принцип: учебный процесс должен приносить радость. Короткий учебный день, минимум домашних заданий и тестирования — это только внешние составляющие успешного обучения. В своей книге Уокер рассказывает, как устроена финская система обучения, почему важно обсуждать с учениками их оценки, как предоставление школьникам выбора и совместное планирование помогут им стать более независимыми, почему обилие наглядных материалов на стенах приводит к снижению успеваемости и зачем учителю нужно играть с детьми на переменах. Он предлагает 33 стратегии, которые возможно применить и в наших, российских, школах.

Примечания книги

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В современной Финляндии обязательное девятилетнее образование включает в себя шесть классов младшей общеобразовательной ступени (начальная школа) и три класса старшей общеобразовательной ступени (младшая средняя школа). — Здесь и далее, за исключением специально оговоренных случаев, прим. ред.

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Имена всех учеников, которые упоминаются в этой книге, изменены. — Прим. авт.

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Эта оценка является аналогом русской отметки 3.

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Имеется в виду средневековый обычай, бытовавший в Швеции (частью которой тогда являлась Финляндия), Дании, Норвегии и Германии: дабы простой народ мог спокойно отметить Рождество, 24 декабря особым королевским указом прекращались любые военные действия и на 20 дней объявлялся Рождественский мир. И сегодня, отдавая дань традиции, в канун праздника на площадях финских городов зачитывают текст этого указа.

8

В финских школах практикуется модульное обучение — способ организации учебного процесса на основе блочно-модульного представления учебной информации.

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97

Sahlberg, P. (2015). Finnish Lessons 2.0: What can the world learn from educational change in Finland? [Kindle Reader version]. Retrieved from Amazon.com.

98

Там же, сhapter 1, loc. 1083.

99

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101

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Там же.

103

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104

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105

Там же.

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Там же.

107

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Там же.

110

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113

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Raghunathan, R. (2016). If you’re so smart, why aren’t you happy? [Kindle Reader version]. Retrieved from Amazon.com.

116

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