Примечания книги Сверхнормальные. Истории, которые делают нас сильнее. Автор книги Мэг Джей

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Книга Сверхнормальные. Истории, которые делают нас сильнее

Книга о современных супергероях — людях, которые, вопреки тяжелым жизненным обстоятельствам, сумели добиться успеха и стать счастливыми.

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Примечания книги

Псевдоним Белл Хукс Глория взяла в честь бабушки, но писала его с маленькой буквы. Прим. пер.

Talking Back: Thinking Feminist, Thinking Black (Boston: South End Press, 1999), 9.

Автор цитаты точно неизвестен, обычно эти слова приписывают Майе Энджелоу.

Американская писательница, поэтесса и мотивационный оратор. Прим. ред.

American Psychological Association, «The Road to Resilience», по состоянию на 29 августа, 2016, http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/road-resilience.aspx; см. также Suniya S. Luthar and Dante Cicchetti, «The Construct of Resilience: Implications for Interventions and Social Policies», Development and Psychopathology 12, no. 4 (2000): 857–885; Ann S. Masten, «Resilience in Children Threatened by Extreme Adversity: Frameworks for Research, Practice, and Translational Synergy», Development and Psychopathology 23, no. 2 (2011): 493–506; Ann S. Masten and Jenifer L. Powell, «A Resilience Framework for Research, Policy, and Practice», in Resilience and Vulnerability: Adaptation in the Context of Childhood Adversities, ed. Suniya S. Luthar (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003), 1–25; Jennifer R. Riley and Ann S. Masten, «Resilience in Context», in Resilience in Children, Families, and Communities: Linking Context to Practice and Policy, eds. Ray D. Peters, Bonnie Leadbeater, and Robert J. McMahon (New York: Springer, 2005), 13–25.

Dante Cicchetti and Jennifer A. Blender, «A Multiple-Levels-of-Analysis Perspective on Resilience», Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1094, no. 1 (2006): 248–258.

Определения психологической устойчивости взяты из Free Dictionary, по состоянию на 26 февраля 2017 года, http://www.freedictionary.com.

Dante Cicchetti and Jennifer A. Blender, «A Multiple-Levels-of-Analysis Perspective on Resilience», Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1094, no. 1 (2006): 248–258; Suniya S. Luthar, Dante Cicchetti, and Bronwyn Becker, «The Construct of Resilience: A Critical Evaluation and Guidelines for Future Work», Child Development 71, no. 3 (2000): 543–562; Suniya S. Luthar, Jeanette A. Sawyer, and Pamela J. Brown, «Conceptual Issues in Studies of Resilience: Past, Present, and Future Research», Annals of the New York Academy of Science 1094 (2006): 105–115.

Victor Goertzel and Mildred George Goertzel, Cradles of Eminence: A Provocative Study of the Childhoods of Over 400 Famous Twentieth-Century Men and Women (New York: Little, Brown, 1962); Victor Goertzel et al., Cradles of Eminence: Childhoods of More than Seven Hundred Famous Men and Women (Scottsdale, AZ: Great Potential Press, 2004).

Victor Goertzel et al., Cradles of Eminence: Childhoods of More than Seven Hundred Famous Men and Women (Scottsdale, AZ: Great Potential Press, 2004), 133.

Letters of Mrs. Adams: The Wife of John Adams (Boston: Wilkins, Carter, 1848), 111.

Josef Breuer and Sigmund Freud, Studies in Hysteria (Boston: Beacon Press, 1950).

Цит. по Anais Nin, In Favor of the Sensitive Man, and Other Essays (San Diego: Harcourt Brace, 1976), 14; эти слова также приписываются Фрейду и даже высечены на стене музея Фрейда в Вене.

Alexander Pope, Moral Essays, epis.i, line 149.

Norman Garmezy, «The Study of Competence in Children at Risk for Severe Psychopathology», in The Child in His Family. Vol. 3, Children at Psychiatric Risk, eds. Elwyn J. Anthony and PG. Koupernik (New York: Wiley, 1974), 77–97; Norman Garmezy, «Stress, Competence, and Development: Continuities in the Study of Schizophrenic Adults, Children Vulnerable to Psychopathology, and the Search for Stress-Resistant Children», American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 57, no. 2(1987): 159–174; Norman Garmezy, «Vulnerability Research and the Issue of Primary Prevention», American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 41, no. 1 (1971): 101–116; Ann S. Mastenand Auke Tellegen, «Resilience in Developmental Psychopathology: Contributions of the Project Competence Longitudinal Study», Development and Psychopathology 24, no. 2(2012): 345–361.

Michael Rutter, «Maternal Deprivation, 1972–1978: New Findings, New Concepts, New Approaches», Child Development 50, no. 2 (1979): 283–305; Michael Rutter, «Protective Factors in Children’s Responses to Stress and Disadvantage», Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 8, no. 3(1979): 324–338.

Emmy E. Werner and Ruth S. Smith, Vulnerable but Invincible: A Study of Resilient Children (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1982).

Lois B. Murphy and Alice E. Moriarty, Vulnerability, Coping and Growth from Infancy to Adolescence (Oxford, UK: Yale University Press, 1976).

Manfred Bleuler, The Schizophrenic Disorders: Long-Term Patient and Family Studies (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1978).

Elwyn J. Anthony and Bertram J. Cohler, eds., The Invulnerable Child (New York: Guilford, 1987); see p. ix.

Norman Garmezy, «Vulnerability Research and the Issue of Primary Prevention», American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 41, no. 1 (1971): 101–116; see p. 114.

Stephen E. Buggie, «Superkids of the Ghetto», Contemporary Psychology 40, no. 12 (1995): 1164–1165; Carol Kauffman et al., «Superkids: Competent Children of Psychotic Mothers», American Journal of Psychiatry 136, no. 11 (1979): 1398–1402; Maya Pines, «Superkids», Psychology Today 12, no. 8 (1979): 53.

Elwyn J. Anthony, «The Syndrome of the Psychologically Invulnerable Child», in The Child in His Family. Vol. 3, Children at Psychiatric Risk, eds. Elwyn J. Anthony and PG. Koupernik (New York: Wiley, 1974), 529–544; Elwyn J. Anthony and Bertram J. Cohler, eds., The Invulnerable Child (New York: Guilford, 1987); Norman Garmezy, «Vulnerability Research and the Issue of Primary Prevention», American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 41, no. 1 (1971): 101–116; Maya Pines, «In Praise of ‘Invulnerables’», APA Monitor (December 1975), 7.

Emmy E. Werner and Ruth S. Smith, Vulnerable but Invincible: A Longitudinal Study of Resilient Children and Youth (New York: Adams, Bannister, Cox, 1982),

Elwyn J. Anthony, «A New Scientific Region to Explore», in The Child in His Family. Vol. 4, Vulnerable Children, eds. Elwyn J. Anthony and PG. Koupernik (New York: Wiley, 1978), 3–16.

Elwyn J. Anthony, «Risk, Vulnerability, and Resilience: An Overview», in The Invulnerable Child, eds. Elwyn J. Anthony and Bertram J. Cohler (New York: Guilford, 1987), 3–48; цит. по p. 41.

Julius Segal and Herbert PG. Yahraes, Child’s Journey (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1978), 297.

Резюме об этом якобы «коротком списке» см. Margaret O’Dougherty Wright, Ann S. Masten, and Angela J. Narayan, «Resilience Processes in Development: Four Waves of Research on Positive Adaptations in the Context of Adversity,” in Handbook of Resilience in Children, eds. Sam Goldstein and Robert B. Brooks(New York: Springer, 2012), 21; см. также Suniya S. Luthar, ed., Resilience and Vulnerability: Adaptation in the Context of Childhood Adversities (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003); Suniya S. Luthar, «Resilience in Development: A Synthesis of Research Across Five Decades», in Developmental Psychopathology: Risk, Disorder, and Adaptation, vol. 3, 2nd ed., eds. Dante Cicchetti and Donald J. Cohen (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2006), 739–795; Suniya S. Luthar, Dante Cicchetti, and Bronwyn Becker, «The Construct of Resilience: A Critical Evaluation and Guidelines for Future Work», Child Development 71, no. 3 (2000): 543–562; Ann S. Masten, «Ordinary Magic: Resilience Processes in Development», American Psychologist 56, no. 3 (2001): 227–238; Ann S. Masten and Jelena Obradovicґ, «Competence and Resilience in Development», Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1094, no. 1 (2006): 13–27; Ann S. Masten and Jenifer L. Powell, «A Resilience Framework for Research, Policy, and Practice», in Resilience and Vulnerability: Adaptation in the Context of Childhood Adversities, ed. Suniya S. Luthar (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003), table on p. 13; Jennifer R. Riley and Ann S. Masten, «Resilience in Context», in Resilience in Children, Families, and Communities: Linking Context to Practice and Policy, eds. Ray D. Peters, Bonnie Leadbeater, and Robert J. McMahon (New York: Springer, 2005), 13–25; Michael Rutter, «Resilience Reconsidered: Conceptual Considerations, Empirical Findings, and Policy Implications», in Handbook of Early Childhood Intervention, 2nd ed., eds. Jack P. Shonkoff and Samuel J. Meisels (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000), 651–682; also see Chris R. Brewin, Bernice Andrews, and John D. Valentine, «Meta-Analysis of Risk Factors for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Trauma-Exposed Adults», Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 68, no. 5 (2000): 748–766; Ann S. Masten, Karin M. Best, and Norman Garmezy, «Resilience and Development: Contributions from the Study of Children Who Overcome Adversity», Development and Psychopathology 2, no. 4 (1990):425–444; Ann S. Masten et al., «Competence in the Context of Adversity: Pathways 307 to Resilience and Maladaptation from Childhood to Late Adolescence», Development and Psychopathology 11, no. 1 (1999): 143–169; Michael Rutter, «Maternal Deprivation, 1972–1978: New Findings, New Concepts, New Approaches», Child Development 50, no. 2(1979): 283–305; Michael Rutter, «Protective Factors in Children’s Responses to Stress and Disadvantage», Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 8, no. 3 (1979): 324–338; Emmy E. Werner, «Resilience in Development», Current Directions in Psychological Science 4, no. 3 (1995): 81–85.

Dante Cicchetti and Jennifer A. Blender, «A Multiple-Levels-of-Analysis Perspective on Resilience», Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1094, no. 1 (2006): 248–258; Suniya S. Luthar, Dante Cicchetti, and Bronwyn Becker, «The Construct of Resilience: A Critical Evaluation and Guidelines for Future Work», Child Development 71, no. 3 (2000): 543–562; Ella Vanderbilt-Adriance and Daniel S. Shaw, «Conceptualizing and Re-Evaluating Resilience Across Levels of Risk, Time, and Domains of Competence», Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review 11, no. 1–2(2008): 30–58; см. также Urie Bronfenbrenner, The Ecology of Human Development: Experiments by Nature and Design (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1979).

Ann S. Masten, «Ordinary Magic: Resilience Processes in Development», American Psychologist 56, no. 3 (2001): 235.

Byron Egeland, Elizabeth Carlson, and L. Alan Sroufe, «Resilience as Process», Development and Psychopathology 5, no. 4 (1993): 517–528; Edmund W. Gordon and Lauren Dohee Song, «Variations in the Experience of Resilience», in Educational Resilience in Inner-City America: Challenges and Prospects, eds. Margaret PG. Wang and Edmund W. Gordon (New York: Routledge, 1994): 27–43; Howard A. Liddle, «Contextualizing Resiliency», in Educational Resilience in Inner-City America: Challenges and Prospects, eds. Margaret PG. Wang and Edmund W. Gordon (New York: Routledge, 1994): 167–178; Suniya S. Luthar, Dante Cicchetti, and Bronwyn Becker, «The Construct of Resilience: A Critical Evaluation and Guidelines for Future Work», Child Development 71, no. 3 (2000):543–562; Jennifer R. Riley and Ann S. Masten, «Resilience in Context», in Resilience in Children, Families, and Communities: Linking Context to Practice and Policy, eds. Ray D. Peters, Bonnie Leadbeater, and Robert J. McMahon (New York: Springer, 2005), 13–25; John E. Schulenberg, Arnold J. Sameroff, and Dante Cicchetti, «The Transition to Adulthood as a Critical Juncture in the Course of Psychopathology and Mental Health», Development and Psychopathology 16 (2004): 799–806; Ella Vanderbilt-Adriance and Daniel S. Shaw, «Conceptualizing and Re-Evaluating Resilience Across Levels of Risk, Time, and Domains of Competence», Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review 11, no. 1–2(2008): 30–58; Tuppett M. Yates, B. Egeland, and Alan Sroufe, «Rethinking Resilience», in Resilience and Vulnerability: Adaptation in the Context of Childhood Adversities, ed. Suniya S. Luthar (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003), 243–266.

Ann S. Masten and Jenifer L. Powell, «A Resilience Framework for Research, Policy, and Practice», in Resilience and Vulnerability: Adaptation in the Context of Childhood Adversities, ed. Suniya S. Luthar (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003), 1–25; see quote on p. 6.

Robert F. Anda et al., «The Enduring Effects of Abuse and Related Adverse Experiences in Childhood», European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 256, no. 3 (2006): 174–186; Joan Kaufman et al., «Problems Defining Resiliency: Illustrations from the Study of Maltreated Children», Development and Psychopathology 6, no. 1 (1994): 215–229; Julien Worland et al., «St. Louis Risk Research Project: Comprehensive Progress Report of Experimental Studies», in Children at Risk for Schizophrenia: A Longitudinal Perspective, eds. Norman F. Watt et al. (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1984), 105–147.

Kara Coombes and Ruth Anderson, «The Impact of Family of Origin on Social Workers from Alcoholic Families», Clinical Social Work Journal 28, no. 3 (2000): 281–302; Suniya S. Luthar, «Resilience in Development: A Synthesis of Research Across Five Decades», in Developmental Psychopathology: Risk, Disorder, and Adaptation, Vol. 3, 2nd ed., eds. Dante Cicchetti and Donald J. Cohen (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2006), 739–795; Suniya S. Luthar, «Vulnerability and Resilience: A Study of High-Risk Adolescents», Child Development 62, no. 3 (1991): 600–616; Suniya S. Luthar, Dante Cicchetti, and Bronwyn Becker, «The Construct of Resilience: A Critical Evaluation and Guidelines for Future Work», Child Development 71, no. 3 (2000): 543–562; Ella Vanderbilt-Adriance and Daniel S. Shaw, «Conceptualizing and Re-Evaluating Resilience Across Levels of Risk, Time, and Domains of Competence», Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review 11, no. 1–2(2008): 30–58.

Heinz Hartmann, Ego Psychology and the Problem of Adaptation (New York: International Universities Press, 1939).

Donald Winnicott, «Transitional Objects and Transitional Phenomena: A Study of the First Not-Me Possession», International Journal of Psychoanalysis 34(1953): 89–97.

Национальный институт психического здоровья, The Numbers Count: Mental Disorders in America, по состоянию на 29 августа, 2016, http://www.lb7.uscourts.gov/documents/12-cv-1072url2.pdf; Национальная медицинская библиотека США и Национальный институт психического здоровья (2009) перечисляют следующие характеристики хорошего родительства: обеспечение безопасности, любовь, дисциплина, умение слушать ребенка, тесное общение с ребенком, отслеживание его занятий и умение служить для него хорошей моделью для подражания.

Bruce S. McEwen, «Stressed or Stressed Out: What Is the Difference?», Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience 30, no. 5 (2005): 315–318.

Heinz Hartmann, Ego Psychology and the Problem of Adaptation (New York: International Universities Press, 1939): 71.

Центры по контролю и профилактике заболеваний, «Adverse Childhood Experiences Reported by Adults — Five States, 2009», Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 59, no. 49 (2010): 1609–1613, https://www.cdc.gov/MMWR/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5949a1.htm; похожие, но другие определения приводятся в Maxia Dong et al., «The Interrelatedness of Multiple Forms of Childhood Abuse, Neglect, and Household Dysfunction», Child Abuse and Neglect 28, no. 7 (2004): 771–784; Vincent J. Felitti et al., «Relationship of Childhood Abuse and Household Dysfunction to Many of the Leading Causes of Death in Adults: The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study», American Journal of Preventive Medicine 14, no. 4 (1998): 245–258; Jennifer S. Middlebrooks and Natalie PG. Audage, «The Effects of Childhood Stress on Health Across the Lifespan», Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, по состоянию на September 1, 2016, http://health-equity.lib.umd.edu/932/1/Childhood_Stress.pdf.

Vincent J. Felitti et al., «Relationship of Childhood Abuse and Household Dysfunction to Many of the Leading Causes of Death in Adults: The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study», American Journal of Preventive Medicine 14, no. 4 (1998): 245–258.

B. B. Robbie Rossman, «Time Heals All: How Much and for Whom?», Journal of Emotional Abuse 2, no. 1 (2000): 31–50.

Maxia Dong et al., «The Interrelatedness of Multiple Forms of Childhood Abuse, Neglect, and Household Dysfunction», Child Abuse and Neglect 28, no. 7 (2004): 771–784.

Ernst Kris, «The Recovery of Childhood Memories in Psychoanalysis», The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child 11 (1956): 54–88.

Психоаналитики и другие клиницисты давно признали аддитивное воздействие сравнительно небольших стрессовых факторов. В 1895 году Зигмунд Фрейд писал о «частичных травмах», объясняя, что разные негативные переживания «объединяются и налагаются друг на друга, поскольку являются компонентами одной и той же истории страданий». См. Josef Breuer and Sigmund Freud (1893–1895), Studies on Hysteria, Standard Edition 2 (London: Hogarth, 1955), 6; Henry Krystal and John H. Krystal, Integration and Self-Healing: Affect, Trauma, Alexithymia (NewYork: Routledge, 2009), 141. Кроме того, в 1986 году Джеймс Энтони рассказал о «микронесчастьях» — крошечных трагедиях, которые ежедневно врываются в жизнь некоторых детей в домах их родителей. См. E. James Anthony, «Terrorizing Attacks on Children by Psychotic Parents», Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry 25, no. 3 (1986): 326–335.

M. Masud Kahn, «The Concept of Cumulative Trauma», The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child 18 (1962): 286–306.

M. Masud Kahn, «The Concept of Cumulative Trauma», Psychoanalytic Study of the Child 18 (1963): 286–306; quote on p. 291.

Danya Glaser, «Child Abuse and Neglect and the Brain — A Review», Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 41, no. 1 (2000): 97–116; Jennifer S. Middlebrooks and Natalie PG. Audage, «The Effects of Childhood Stress on Health Across the Lifespan», Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, по состоянию на 1 сентября 2016 года, http://health-equity.lib.umd.edu/932/1/Childhood_Stress.pdf; Jack P. Shonkoff, W. Thomas Boyce, and Bruce S. McEwen, «Neuroscience, Molecular Biology, and the Childhood Roots of Health Disparities: Building a New Framework for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention», Journal of the American Medical Association 301, no. 21 (2009): 2252–2259; Jack P. Shonkoff et al., «The Lifelong Effects of Early Childhood Adversity and Toxic Stress», Pediatrics 129, no. 1 (2012): e232–e246; R. Jay Turner and Donald A. Lloyd, «Lifetime Traumas and Mental Health: The Significance of Cumulative Adversity», Journal of Health and Social Behavior 36, no. 4 (1995): 60–376; Bessel A. van der Kolk, «The Psychobiology and Psychopharmacology of PTSD», Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental 16, no. S1 (2001): S49–S64.

Jack P. Shonkoff et al., «The Lifelong Effects of Early Childhood Adversity and Toxic Stress», Pediatrics 129, no. 1 (2012): e232–e246.

По словам Ричарда Лазаруса, «стресс возникает, когда люди осознают, что не могут адекватно справляться с предъявляемыми им требованиями или угрозами своему благополучию». См. Richard Lazarus, Psychological Stress and the Coping Process (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1966). Современные ученые и клиницисты признают наличие трех видов стресса: позитивного, терпимого и токсичного. Позитивный стресс связан с нашим отношением к среднеожидаемым проблемам, которые являются неизменной частью человеческой жизни, например, ребенок идет в первый класс или впервые в жизни выступает на сцене, играя на фортепиано, подросток устраивается на свою первую работу на неполный рабочий день. Терпимый стресс выходит за рамки среднеожидаемого; это сильно расстраивающие и выбивающие из колеи, но непродолжительные переживания, такие как неожиданная смерть близкого человека, автомобильная авария или серьезная травма. Позитивный и терпимый стресс относительно мимолетны, и при условии достаточной заботы и внимания со стороны взрослых и наличия «буфера», защищающего ребенка от негативного влияния внешней среды, дети могут выйти из этих ситуаций даже более сильными и закаленными, чем прежде. В отличие от позитивного или терпимого стресса токсический стресс не проходит. Это длительное и частое негативное воздействие, особенно пагубное при отсутствии адекватной поддержки. См. Jennifer S. Middlebrooks and Natalie PG. Audage, «The Effects of Childhood Stress on Health Across the Lifespan», центры по контролю и профилактике заболеваний, Национальный центр по предупреждению и контролю травматизма, по состоянию на September 1, 2016, http://health-equity.lib.umd.edu/932/1/Childhood_Stress.pdf; Bridget M. Kuehn, «AAP: Toxic Stress Threatens Kids’ Long-Term Health», Journal of the American Medical Association 312, no. 6 (2014): 585–586; Jack P. Shonkoff et al., «The Lifelong Effects of Early Childhood Adversity and Toxic Stress», Pediatrics 129, no. 1 (2012): e232–e246.

Steven P. Broglio et al., «Cumulative Head Impact Burden in High School Football», Journal of Neurotrauma 28, no. 10 (2011): 2069–2078; Philip H. Montenigro et al., «Cumulative Head Impact Exposure Predicts Later-Life Depression, Apathy, Executive Dysfunction, and Cognitive Impairment in Former High School and College Football Players», Journal of Neurotrauma 34, no. 2 (2017): 328–340.

«Breaking the Silence on Child Abuse: Protection, Prevention, Intervention, and Deterrence», свидетельство Роберта Блока от имени Американской академии педиатрии перед комитетом Сената на слушании по вопросам здравоохранения, образования, труда и пенсионного обеспечения, 13 декабря 2011 года, по состоянию на 2 сентября 2016 года, http://www.help.senate.gov/hearings/breaking-the-silence-on-child-abuse-protection-prevention-intervention-and-deterrence.

Corina Benjet, Guilherme Borges, and Maria Elena Medina-Mora, «Chronic Childhood Adversity and Onset of Psychopathology During Three Life Stages: Childhood, Adolescence and Adulthood», Journal of Psychiatric Research 44, no. 11 (2010): 732–740; Vincent J. Felitti et al., «Relationship of Childhood Abuse and Household Dysfunction to Many of the Leading Causes of Death in Adults: The Adverse Childhood Experiences(ACE) Study», American Journal of Preventive Medicine 14, no. 4 (1998): 245–258; Norman Garmezy, Ann S. Masten, and Auke Tellegen, «The Study of Stress and Competence in Children: A Building Block for Developmental Psychopathology», Child Development 55, no. 1 (1984): 97–111; Richard S. Lazarus and Susan Folkman, Stress, Appraisal, and Coping (New York: Springer Publishing Company, 1984).

James Hamblin, «Why Succeeding Against the Odds Can Make You Sick», New York Times, January 27, 2017, по состоянию на 26 февраля 2017 года, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/27/opinion/sunday/why-succeeding-against-the-odds-can-make-you-sick.html; см. также Gene H. Brody et al., «Is Resilience Only Skin Deep? Rural African Americans’ Socioeconomic Status — Related Risk and Competence in Preadolescence and Psychological Adjustment and Allostatic Load at Age 19», Psychological Science 24, no. 7 (2013): 1285–1293; Gene H. Brody et al., «Resilience in Adolescence, Health, and Psychosocial Outcomes», Pediatrics 138, no. 6 (2016): e20161042; Gregory E. Miller, Edith Chen, and Gene H. Brody, «Can Upward Mobility Cost You Your Health?», New York Times, January 4, 2014, по состоянию на 26 февраля 2017 года, https://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/01/04/can-upward-mobility-cost-you-your-health; Gregory E. Miller et al., «Viral Challenge Reveals Further Evidence of Skin-Deep Resilience in African Americans from Disadvantaged Backgrounds», Health Psychology 35, no. 11 (2016): 1225–1234; Mahasin S. Mujahid, «Socioeconomic Position, John Henryism, and Incidence of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Finnish Men», Social Science and Medicine 173 (2017): 54–62.

Gene H. Brody et al., «Is Resilience Only Skin Deep? Rural African Americans’ Socioeconomic Status — Related Risk and Competence in Preadolescence and Psychological Adjustment and Allostatic Load at Age 19», Psychological Science 24, no. 7 (2013): 1285–1293; Gregory E. Miller et al., «Viral Challenge Reveals Further Evidence of Skin-DeepResilience in African Americans from Disadvantaged Backgrounds», Health Psychology 35, no. 11 (2016): 1225–1234.

Laurence Maslon and Michael Kantor, Superheroes!: Capes, Cowls, and the Creation of Comic Book Culture (New York: Crown Archetype, 2013), 30–34.

Эти первые строки из радиопостановки о приключениях Супермена 1940-х годов менялись со временем; резюме см. в Steven Younis, The Superman Homepage, по состоянию на 26 февраля 2017 года, http://www.supermanhomepage.com.

«Supernormal», Merriam-Webster Dictionary Online, по состоянию на 26 февраля 2017 года, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/supernormal.

Erving Goffman, Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2009), 5.

Dante Cicchetti and Fred A. Rogosch, «Equifinality and Multifinality in Developmental Psychopathology», Development and Psychopathology 8, no. 4 (1996): 597–600.

В этой книге при обсуждении жизненных трудностей я предпочитаю термину «травма» такие фразы и слова, как «неблагоприятные жизненные обстоятельства», «невзгоды» или «негативный опыт», поскольку они, как правило, описывают ситуации, статистически ассоциируемые с серьезными проблемами или риском, но все равно предполагающие возможность их преодоления или хотя бы некоторого улучшения. Термин же «травма» происходит от греческого слова, которое переводится как «рана», что, очевидно, изначально подразумевает определенный ущерб.

Ralph Nichols, «The Struggle to Be Human», Keynote Address at the First Annual Convention of the International Listening Association, Atlanta, GA, February 17, 1980, http://www.listen.org/resources/Nichols Struggle to be Human.pdf.

Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2014), 3.

Hole, «Gutless», by Courtney Love and Eric Erlandson, in Live Through This, DGC Records, 1994, по состоянию на 27 февраля 2017 года, https://genius.com/Hole-gutless-lyrics.

D. W. Winnicott, «Delinquency as a Sign of Hope» (выступление на конференции заместителей управляющих Борстальского исправительного учреждения для несовершеннолетних преступников, Колледж короля Альфреда, Винчестер, April 1967), по состоянию на 31 февраля 2015 года, https://johnwhitwell.co.uk/archives/general-archive-entries/delinquency-as-a-sign-of-hope.

Maya Angelou, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings (New York: Random House, 2009), 53.

Shawn Carter, Jay-Z Decoded (New York: Spiegel and Grau, 2010), 12.

D’Vera Cohn, «At Long Last, Divorce», Washington, DC: Pew Research Center, June 4, 2010, по состоянию на 20 декабря 2015 года, http://www.pewresearch.org/2010/06/04/at-long-last-divorce; Центры по контролю и профилактике заболеваний, «Divorce Rates by State: 1990, 1995, and 1999–2011», National Vital Statistics System, 2013, по состоянию на 30 декабря 2016 года, https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/marriage-divorce.htm

Emmy E. Werner and Ruth S. Smith, Overcoming the Odds: High Risk Children from Birth to Adulthood (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1992), 198.

Общий обзор законодательной базы развода по взаимному согласию сторон представлен в Herma Hill Kay, «Equality and Difference: A Perspective on No-Fault Divorce and Its Aftermath», University of Cincinnati Law Review 56 (1987): 1, по состоянию на 31 декабря 2015 года, http://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/facpubs/1220.

См. обзор в E. Mavis Hetherington and Anne Mitchell Elmore, «Risk and Resilience in Children Coping with Their Parents’ Divorce and Remarriage», in Resilience and Vulnerability: Adaptation in the Context of Childhood Adversities, ed. Sonya S. Luthar (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003), 182–212.

См. обзор в Joan B. Kelly and Robert E. Emery, «Children’s Adjustment Following Divorce: Risk and Resilience Perspectives», Family Relations 52, no. 4 (2003): 352–362; Lisa Laumann-Billings and Robert E. Emery, «Distress Among Young Adults from Divorced Families», Journal of Family Psychology 14, no. 4 (2000): 671–687.

См. обзор Joan B. Kelly and Robert E. Emery, «Children’s Adjustment Following Divorce: Risk and Resilience Perspectives», Family Relations 52, no. 4 (2003): 352–362; Lisa Laumann-Billings and Robert E. Emery, «Distress Among Young Adults from Divorced Families», Journal of Family Psychology 14, no. 4 (2000): 671–687.

См. обзор в E. Mavis Hetherington and John Kelly, For Better or for Worse: Divorce Reconsidered (New York: Norton, 2003); Lisa Laumann-Billings and Robert E. Emery, «Distress Among Young Adults from Divorced Families», Journal of Family Psychology 14, no. 4 (2000): 671–687; Judith S. Wallerstein, Julia Lewis, and Sandra Blakeslee, The Unexpected Legacy of Divorce: A 25 Year Landmark Study (New York: Hyperion, 2001).

Judith S. Wallerstein, Julia Lewis, and Sandra Blakeslee, The Unexpected Legacy of Divorce: A 25 Year Landmark Study (New York: Hyperion, 2001), 298.

Joan B. Kelly and Robert E. Emery, «Children’s Adjustment Following Divorce: Risk and Resilience Perspectives», Family Relations 52, no. 4 (2003): 352–362; Lisa Laumann-Billings and Robert E. Emery, «Distress Among Young Adults from Divorced Families», Journal of Family Psychology 14, no. 4(2000): 671–687.

Lisa Laumann-Billings and Robert E. Emery, «Distress Among Young Adults from Divorced Families», Journal of Family Psychology 14, no. 4 (2000): 671–687.

Judith S. Wallerstein, Julia Lewis, and Sandra Blakeslee, The Unexpected Legacy of Divorce: A 25 Year Landmark Study (New York: Hyperion, 2001).

Paul Alexander, Rough Magic: A Biography of Sylvia Plath (New York: Da Capo Press, 2003).

Virginia Satir, The Satir Model: Family Therapy and Beyond (Palo Alto, CA: Science and Behavior Books, 1991).

E. Mavis Hetherington, «Coping with Family Transitions: Winners, Losers, and Survivors», Child Development 60, no. 1 (1989): 1–14; E. Mavis Hetherington, «An Overview of the Virginia Longitudinal Study of Divorce and Remarriage with a Focus on Early Adolescence», Journal of Family Psychology 7, no. 1 (1993): 39–56; E. Mavis Hetherington and John Kelly, For Better or for Worse: Divorce Reconsidered (New York: Norton, 2003); см. обзор в Joan B. Kelly and Robert E. Emery, «Children’s Adjustment Following Divorce: Risk and Resilience Perspectives», Family Relations 52, no. 4 (2003): 352–362.

D’Vera Cohn and Rich Morin, «American Mobility: Who Moves? Who Stays Put? Where’s Home?», Social and Demographic Trends Report (Washington, DC: Pew Research Center, December 17, 2008), по состоянию на 30 декабря 2015 года, http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2008/12/17/who-moves-who-stays-put-wheres-home.

Miller McPherson, Lynn Smith-Lovin, and Matthew E. Brashears, «Social Isolation in America: Changes in Core Discussion Networks over Two Decades», American Sociological Review 71, no. 3 (2006): 353–375; см. также классический труд на эту тему Claude S. Fischer, To Dwell Among Friends: Personal Networks in Town and City (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1982).

E. Mavis Hetherington, «Should We Stay Together for the Sake of the Children?» in Coping with Divorce, Single Parenting, and Re-Marriage, ed. E. Mavis Hetherington (Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum, 1999), 93–116.

Timothy S. Grall, «Custodial Mothers and Fathers and Their Child Support: 2011», Current Population Reports no. P60–246 (Washington, DC: US Census Bureau, October 2013), по состоянию на 1 января 2016 года.

Timothy S. Grall, «Custodial Mothers and Fathers and Their Child Support: 2011», Current Population Reports no. P60-246 (Washington, DC: US Census Bureau, October 2013), по состоянию на 1 января 2016 года.

Elizabeth Warren and Amelia Warren Tyagi, The Two-Income Trap: Why Middle-Class Mothers and Fathers Are Going Broke (New York: Basic Books, 2003).

Timothy S. Grall, «Custodial Mothers and Fathers and Their Child Support: 2011», Current Population Reports no. P60-246 (Washington, DC: US Census Bureau, 2013), по состоянию на 1 января 2016 года.

Lenore J. Weitzman, The Divorce Revolution: The Unexpected Social and Economic Consequences for Women and Children in America (New York: Free Press, 1985), 16–41.

Elizabeth Warren and Amelia Warren Tyagi, The Two-Income Trap: Why Middle-Class Mothers and Fathers Are Going Broke (New York: Basic Books, 2003).

100

Elizabeth Warren, A Fighting Chance (New York: Metropolitan Books, 2014).

101

Adam Phillips and Barbara Taylor, On Kindness (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2009).

102

Michael Rutter, «Resilience in the Face of Adversity: Protective Factors and Resistance to Psychiatric Disorder», British Journal of Psychiatry 147, no. 6 (1985): 598–611.

103

Tamar Lewin, «Poll Says Even Quiet Divorces Affect Children’s Path», New York Times, November 5, 2005, по состоянию на 22 января 2017 года, http://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/05/us/poll-says-even-quiet-divorces-affect-childrens-paths.html?_r=0; Elizabeth Marquardt, Between Two Worlds: The Inner Lives of Children of Divorce (New York: Three Rivers Press, 2005).

104

Lisa Laumann-Billings and Robert E. Emery, «Distress Among Young Adults from Divorced Families», Journal of Family Psychology 14, no. 4 (2000): 671–687.

105

Judy Dunn et al., «Family Lives and Friendships: The Perspectives of Children In Step-, Single-Parent, and Nonstep Families», Journal of Family Psychology 15, no. 2 (2001): 272–287.

106

Roger Brown and James Kulik, «Flashbulb Memories», Cognition 5, no. 1 (1977): 73–99.

107

Исследования, изучающие воспоминания-вспышки, показывают, что особенно эмоциональные события воспринимаются нами как запомнившиеся более ярко и подробно, хотя запомнившиеся детали не всегда соответствуют действительности; см. также обзор в Elizabeth A. Phelps, «Emotion and Cognition: Insights from Studies of the Human Amygdala», Annual Review of Psychology 57 (2006): 27–53; Olivier Luminet and Antonietta Curci, Flashbulb Memories: New Issues and New Perspectives (New York: Psychology Press, 2008).

108

William James, The Principles of Psychology (New York: Holt, 1890), 670.

109

Jean Martin Charcot, «Lessons on the Illnesses оf the Nervous System Held at the Salpetriere», vol. 3, A. Delahaye and E. Lecrosnie, Paris: Progrиs Medical 3 (1887).

110

Josef Breuer and Sigmund Freud, Studies in Hysteria (Boston: Beacon Press, 1950).

111

Sigmund Freud, «On the Psychical Mechanism of Hysterical Phenomena», (лекция, прочитанная на собрании клуба Wienermedizinische club, 11 января 1893 года), in Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud 3 (London: Hogarth Press, 1962), 281–387.

112

Pierre Janet, Psychological Healing: A Historical and Clinical Study, vols. 1–2, trans. PG. Paul and E. Paul (New York: Macmillan, 1925; оригинальный труд опубликован в 1919 году), 660.

113

Abram Kardiner, The Traumatic Neuroses of War (Mansfield Centre, CT: Martino, 2012).

114

Roy R. Grinker and John P. Spiegel, War Neuroses (Philadelphia: Blakiston, 1945)

115

Roy F. Baumeister et al., «Bad Is Stronger than Good», Review of General Psychology 5, no. 4 (2001): 323–370.

116

Joseph E. LeDoux, The Emotional Brain: The Mysterious Underpinnings of Emotional Life (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1996), 168.

117

Jacek Debiec and Joseph E. LeDoux, «The Amygdala and the Neural Pathways of Fear», in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Basic Science and Clinical Practice, eds. Joseph E. LeDoux, Terrence Keane, and Peter Shiromani (NewYork: Humana, 2009), 23–38; Elizabeth A. Phelps, «Emotion and Cognition: Insights from Studies of the Human Amygdala», Annual Review of Psychology 57 (2006): 27–53.

118

Louis Cozolino, The Neuroscience of Human Relationships: Attachment and the Developing Social Brain, 2nd ed. (New York: Norton, 2014), 401–404.

119

Joseph E. LeDoux, The Emotional Brain: The Mysterious Underpinnings of Emotional Life (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1996), 168–169.

120

Гипоталамус выделяет кортикотропин-рилизинг-гормон (КРГ). КРГ, в свою очередь, стимулирует гипофиз, который стимулирует выброс адренокортикотропного гормона (АКТГ). АКТГ воздействует на надпочечники, которые, в свою очередь, вырабатывают диэфирин, норадреналин и кортизол.

121

Joseph E. LeDoux, The Emotional Brain: The Mysterious Underpinnings of Emotional Life (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1996), 206; James L. McGaugh, «The Amygdala Modulates the Consolidation of Memories of Emotionally Arousing Experiences», Annual Review of Neuroscience 27 (2004): 1–28; обзоры см. в James L. McGaugh, Memory and Emotion: The Making of Lasting Memories (New York: Columbia University Press, 2003); James L. McGaugh, «Memory: A Century of Consolidation», Science 287, no. 5451 (2000): 248–251.

122

См. обзор исследований в области классического условного рефлекса в James L. McGaugh, «The Amygdala Modulates the Consolidation of Memories of Emotionally Arousing Experiences», Annual Review of Neuroscience 27 (2004): 1–28; James L. McGaugh, Memory and Emotion: The Making of Lasting Memories (New York: Columbia University Press, 2003); Donald G. Rainnie and Kerry J. Ressler, «Physiology of the Amygdala: Implications for PTSD», in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Basic Science and Clinical Practice, eds. Joseph E. LeDoux, Terrence Keane, and Peter Shiromani (New York: Humana, 2009), 39–78.

123

Существует теория, что слишком сильный и продолжительный стресс негативно влияет на гиппокамп; Joseph E. LeDoux, The Emotional Brain: The Mysterious Underpinnings of Emotional Life (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1996), 243–244.

124

James L. McGaugh, Memory and Emotion: The Making of Lasting Memories (New York: Columbia University Press, 2003), 111.

125

Louis Cozolino, The Neuroscience of Human Relationships: Attachment and the Developing Social Brain, 2nd ed. (New York: Norton, 2014), 403.

126

Joseph E. LeDoux, The Emotional Brain: The Mysterious Underpinnings of Emotional Life (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1996), 145.

127

Eitan D. Schwarz and Janice M. Kowalski, «Malignant Memories: PTSD in Children and Adults After a School Shooting», Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 30, no. 6 (1991): 936–944.

128

Bessel A. van der Kolk, Alexander PG. McFarlane, and Lars Weisеth, Traumatic Stress: The Effects of Overwhelming Experience on Mind, Body, and Society (New York: Guilford, 2007), 3–23.

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Leanne ten Brinke, Stephen Porter, and Alysha Baker, «Darwin the Detective: Observable Facial Muscle Contractions Reveal Emotional High-Stakes Lies», Evolution and Human Behavior 33, no. 4 (2012): 411–416.

130

Bessel A. van der Kolk, The Body Keeps the Score: Brain, Mind, and Body in the Healing of Trauma (New York: Penguin, 2014).

131

Joan B. Kelly and Robert E. Emery, «Children’s Adjustment Following Divorce: Risk and Resilience Perspectives», Family Relations 52, no. 4 (2003): 352–362.

132

E. Mavis Hetherington and John Kelly, For Better or for Worse: Divorce Reconsidered (New York: Norton, 2003); Joan B. Kelly and Robert E. Emery, «Children’s Adjustment Following Divorce: Risk and Resilience Perspectives», Family Relations 52, no. 4 (2003): 352–362.

133

William V. Fabricius and Jeff A. Hall, «Young Adults’ Perspectives on Divorce Living Arrangements», Family Court Review 38, no. 4 (2000): 446–461.

134

Andre Agassi, Open: An Autobiography (New York: Vintage, 2010), 27.

135

Отчет взят из Lenore Terr, Too Scared to Cry: Psychic Trauma in Childhood (New York: Basic Books, 2008).

136

Lenore Terr, Too Scared to Cry: Psychic Trauma in Childhood (New York: Basic Books, 2008), 20.

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Kristine Erickson, Wayne Drevets, and Jay Schulkin, «Glucocorticoid Regulation of Diverse Cognitive Functions in Normal and Pathological Emotional States», Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 27, no. 3 (2003): 233–246.

138

Это называется реакцией «замри»; Jeffrey A. Gray, The Psychology of Fear and Stress, 2nd ed. (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1988).

139

Joseph E. LeDoux, The Emotional Brain: The Mysterious Underpinnings of Emotional Life (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1996), 168.

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142

Lenore Terr, Too Scared to Cry: Psychic Trauma in Childhood (New York: Basic Books, 2008).

143

Joseph E. LeDoux, The Emotional Brain: The Mysterious Underpinnings of Emotional Life (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1996), 280.

144

Alison Bechdel, Fun Home: A Family Tragicomic (Boston: Harcourt, 2007), 143.

145

Leigh Gilmore, The Limits of Autobiography: Trauma and Testimony (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2001), 6.

146

Viktor E. Frankl, Man’s Search for Meaning: An Introduction to Logotherapy (Boston: Beacon, 2006), 24.

147

Bridget F. Grant, «Estimates of US Children Exposed to Alcohol Abuse and Dependence in the Family», American Journal of Public Health 90, no. 1 (2000): 112.

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Robert F. Anda et al., «Adverse Childhood Experiences, Alcoholic Parents, and Later Risk of Alcoholism and Depression», Psychiatric Services 53, no. 8 (2002): 1001–1009; Shanta R. Dube et al., «Growing Up with Parental Alcohol Abuse: Exposure to Childhood Abuse, Neglect, and Household Dysfunction», Child Abuse and Neglect 25, no. 12 (2001): 1627–1640; Christine Walsh, Harriet L. MacMillan, and Ellen Jamieson, «The Relationship Between Parental Substance Abuse and Child Maltreatment: Findings from the Ontario Health Supplement», Child Abuse and Neglect 27, no. 12 (2003): 1409–1425.

151

Национальный институт проблем злоупотребления алкоголем и алкоголизма, «Alcohol Facts and Statistics», National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, по состоянию на 14 февраля 2016 года, http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohol-health/overview-alcohol-consumption/alcohol-facts-and-statistics.

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Shanta R. Dube et al., «Growing Up with Parental Alcohol Abuse: Exposure to Childhood Abuse, Neglect, and Household Dysfunction», Child Abuse and Neglect 25, no. 12 (2001): 1627–1640; Robert F. Anda et al., «Adverse Childhood Experiences, Alcoholic Parents, and Later Risk of Alcoholism and Depression», Psychiatric Services 53, no. 8 (2002): 1001–1009.

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James J. Collins and Pamela Messerschmidt, «Epidemiology of Alcohol-Related Violence», Alcohol Health Research World 17, no. 2(1993): 93–100; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and Cygnus Corporation, Ninth Special Report to the US Congress on Alcohol and Health (Rockville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, 1997), 97–4017.

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Ann Laybourn, Jane Brown, and Malcolm Hill, Hurting on the Inside: Children’s Experiences of Parental Alcohol Misuse (Aldershot, Hants, UK: Avebury, 1996).

155

Robert F. Anda et al., «Adverse Childhood Experiences, Alcoholic Parents, and Later Risk of Alcoholism and Depression», Psychiatric Services 53, no. 8(2002): 1001–1009; Shanta R. Dube et al., «Growing Up with Parental Alcohol Abuse: Exposure to Childhood Abuse, Neglect, and Household Dysfunction», Child Abuse and Neglect 25, no. 12 (2001): 1627–1640; Christine Walsh, Harriet L. MacMillan, and Ellen Jamieson, «The Relationship Between Parental Substance Abuse and Child Maltreatment: Findings from the Ontario Health Supplement», Child Abuse and Neglect 27, no. 12(2003): 1409–1425.

156

Mogens Nygaard Christoffersen and Keith Soothill, «The Long-Term Consequences of Parental Alcohol Abuse: A Cohort Study of Children in Denmark», Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 25, no. 2 (2003): 107–116; Shanta R. Dube et al., «Growing Up with Parental Alcohol Abuse: Exposure to Childhood Abuse, Neglect, and Household Dysfunction», Child Abuse and Neglect 25, no. 12 (2001): 1627–1640.

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Robert F. Anda et al., «Adverse Childhood Experiences, Alcoholic Parents, and Later Risk of Alcoholism and Depression», Psychiatric Services 53, no. 8 (2002): 1001–1009.

158

Richard Berlin and Ruth B. Davis, «Children from Alcoholic Families: Vulnerability and Resilience», in The Child in Our Times: Studies in the Development of Resiliency, eds. Timothy F. Dugan and Robert Coles (New York: Brunner/Mazel, 1989), 81–105; Joan McCord, «Identifying Developmental Paradigms Leading to Alcoholism», Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 49, no. 4 (1988): 357–362.

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Alan Cumming, Not My Father’s Son: A Family Memoir (Edinburgh: Canongate, 2014), 148.

160

Jill M. Hastings and Marion H. Typpo, An Elephant in the Living Room (Minneapolis: CompCare, 1984).

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Deborah B. Jacobvitz and Nell F. Bush, «Reconstructions of Family Relationships: Parent-Child Alliances, Personal Distress, and Self-Esteem», Developmental Psychology 32, no. 4 (1996): 732–743.

162

Donald W. Winnicott, «Ego Distortion in Terms of True and False Self (1960)», in The Maturational Processes and the Facilitating Environment: Studies in the Theory of Emotional Development, ed. Donald W. Winnicott (London: Karnac Books, 1965), 140–152.

163

Carl Jung, Memories, Dreams, Reflections (New York: Vintage, 1989), 41.

164

Stephen P. Hinshaw, «Parental Mental Disorder and Children’s Functioning: Silence and Communication, Stigma and Resilience», Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology 33, no. 2 (2004): 400–411.

165

Fyodor Dostoevsky, Notes from the Underground, trans. Constance Garnett, eds. Charles Guignon and Kevin Aho (Indianapolis: Hackett, 2009).

166

Charles M. Blow, Fire Shut Up in My Bones: A Memoir (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2014), 113.

167

Lenore Terr, Too Scared to Cry: Psychic Trauma in Childhood (New York: Basic Books, 1990), 189–206.

168

Lenore Terr, Too Scared to Cry: Psychic Trauma in Childhood (NewYork: Basic Books, 1990), 189–206.

169

Lenore Terr, Too Scared to Cry: Psychic Trauma in Childhood (New York: Basic Books, 1990), 112.

170

Автор цитаты точно неизвестен, обычно эти слова приписывают Джорджу Карлину.

171

По состоянию на сегодня детей оценивали в возрасте одного, двух, 10, 18, 32 и 40 лет; последующая оценка запланирована на возраст от 50 до 60; Emmy E. Werner and Ruth S. Smith, Journeys from Childhood to Midlife: Risk, Resilience, and Recovery (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2001).

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Emmy E. Werner, «Resilience in Development», Current Directions in Psychological Science 4, no. 3 (1995): 81–85.

173

Emmy E. Werner and Ruth S. Smith, Vulnerable but Invincible: A Study of Resilient Children and Youth (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1982).

174

Emmy E. Werner and Ruth S. Smith, Journeys from Childhood to Midlife: Risk, Resilience, and Recovery (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2001), 69.

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Dan Olweus, Aggression in the Schools: Bullies and Whipping Boys (Oxford, UK: Hemisphere, 1978); Dan Olweus, Shane Jimerson, Susan Swearer, and Dorothy Espelage, «Understanding and Researching Bullying», in Handbookof Bullying in Schools: An International Perspective, eds. Shane R. Jimerson, Susan M. Swearer, and Dorothy L. Espelage (New York: Routledge, 2010), 9–34; см. обзор в отчете CDC: R. Matthew Gladden et al., «Bullying Surveillance Among Youths: Uniform Definitions for Public Health and Recommended Data Elements, Version 1.0», Atlanta, GA: National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and US Department of Education (2014), по состоянию на 1 августа 2016 года, https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/bullying-definitions-final-a.pdf.

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«Student Reports of Bullying and Cyber-Bullying: Results from the 2011 School Crime Supplement to the National Crime Victimization Survey», National Center for Education Statistics and Bureau of Justice Statistics, US Department of Education, Washington, DC (August 2013), по состоянию на 1 августа 2016 года, http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2013/2013329.pdf.

177

Susan Swearer et al., «Assessment of Bullying/Victimization: The Problem of Comparability Across Studies and Across Methods», in Handbook of Bullying in Schools: An International Perspective, eds. Shane R. Jimerson, Susan M. Swearer, and Dorothy L. Espelage (New York: Routledge, 2010), 305–327.

178

Simone Robers, Jana Kemp, and Jennifer Truman, «Indicators of School Crime and Safety: 2012», Национальный центр статистики в области образования, Министерство просвещения США, Бюро статистики в области правосудия, Управление программи правосудия, Министерство Юстиции США, Вашингтон (2013), по состоянию на 1 августа 2016 года, http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2013/2013036.pdf.

179

Amanda Lenhart et al., «Teens, Kindness and Cruelty on Social Network Sites: How American Teens Navigate the New World of ‘Digital Citizenship’», Pew Research Center’s Internet and American Life Project, Вашингтон (2011), обновлено 9 ноября 2011 года, http://www.pewinternet.org/Reports/2011/Teens-and-social-media.aspx.

180

Jaana Juvonen, Sandra Graham, and Mark A. Schuster, «Bullying Among Young Adolescents: The Strong, the Weak, and the Troubled», Pediatrics 112, no. 6 (2003): 1231–1237; Tracy Vaillancourt et al., «The Relationship Between Power and Bullying Behavior», in Handbook of Bullying in Schools: An International Perspective, eds. Shane R. Jimerson, Susan M. Swearer, and Dorothy L. Espelage (New York: Routledge, 2010), 211–222.

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Charles S. Carver and Eddie Harmon-Jones, «Anger Is an Approach-Related Affect: Evidence and Implications», Psychological Bulletin 135, no. 2 (2009): 183–204.

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Автор цитаты точно неизвестен; обычно эти слова приписывают Майе Энджелоу.

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Constance Hammen and Patricia A. Brennan, «Severity, Chronicity, and Timing of Maternal Depression and Risk for Adolescent Offspring Diagnoses in a Community Sample», Archives of General Psychiatry 60, no. 3 (2003): 253–258; Daphna Oyserman et al., «Parenting Among Mothers with a Serious Mental Illness», American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 70, no. 3 (2000): 296–315.

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Meenakshi Venkataraman, «Parenting Among Mothers with Bipolar Disorder: Children’s Perspectives», Journal of Family Social Work 14, no. 2 (2011): 93–108.

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Обзор см. в William R. Beardselee, Eve M. Versage, and Tracy Giadstone, «Children of Affectively IllParents: A Review of the Past 10 Years», Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 37, no. 11 (1998): 1134–1141; Arin M. Connell and Sherryl H. Goodman, «The Association Between Psychopathology in Fathers Versus Mothers and Children’s Internalizing and Externalizing Behavior Problems: A Meta-Analysis», Psychological Bulletin 128, no. 5 (2002): 746–773.

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Manfred Bleuler, «The Offspring of Schizophrenics», Schizophrenia Bulletin 1, no. 8 (1974): 93–107;L. Fisher et al., «Competent Children at Risk: A Study of Well-Functioning Offspring of Disturbed Parents», in The Invulnerable Child, eds. Elwyn James Anthony and Bertram J. Cohler (New York: Guilford Press, 1987), 211; Judy Garber and Stephanie Little, «Predictors of Competence Among Offspring of Depressed Mothers», Journal of Adolescent Research 14, no. 1(1999): 44–71; Norman Garmezy, Ann S. Masten, and Auke Tellegen, «The Study of Stress and Competence in Children: A Building Block for Developmental Psychopathology», Child Development 55, no. 1 (1984): 97–111; Carol T. Mowbray et al., «Children of Mothers Diagnosed with Serious Mental Illness: Patterns and Predictors of Service Use», Mental Health Services Research 6, no. 3 (2004): 167–183; David G. Scherer et al., «Relation Between Children’s Perceptions of Maternal Mental Illness and Children’s Psychological Adjustment», Journal of Clinical Child Psychology 25, no. 2 (1996): 156–169.

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Judith Butler, Precarious Life: The Powers of Mourning and Violence (New York: Verso, 2006); Jonathan W. Schooler et al., «Meta-Awareness, Perceptual Decoupling and the Wandering Mind», Trends in Cognitive Sciences 15, no. 7 (2011): 319–326; Jerome L. Singer, The Inner World of Daydreaming (New York: Harper and Row, 1975).

277

Ralph Erber and Abraham Tesser, «Task Effort and the Regulation of Mood: The Absorption Hypothesis», Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 28, no. 4 (1992): 339–359.

278

Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, Finding Flow: The Psychology of Engagement with Everyday Life (New York: Basic Books, 1997).

279

Jean Piaget, «Autobiography», in A History of Psychology in Autobiography (Vol. 4), eds. Herbert S. Langfeld, Edwin G. Boring, Heinz Werner, and Robert M. Yerkes (Oxford, UK: Clark University Press), 237. Also quoted in Elwyn James Anthony, «Children at High Risk of Psychosis Growing Up Successfully», in The Invulnerable Child, eds. Elwyn James Anthony and Bertram J. Cohler (New York: Guilford Press, 1987), 161.

280

Elwyn James Anthony, «Children at High Risk of Psychosis Growing Up Successfully», in The Invulnerable Child, eds. Elwyn James Anthony and Bertram J. Cohler (New York: Guilford Press, 1987), 162.

281

Jonathan Smallwood and Jessica A. Andrews-Hanna, «Not All Minds That Wander Are Lost: The Importance of a Balanced Perspective on the Mind-Wandering State», Frontiers in Psychology 4, no. 441 (2013): 1–6.

282

Я использую термины «витать в облаках», «мечты» и «фантазии» взаимозаменяемо, хотя некоторые ученые утверждают, что это принципиально разные понятия.

283

Bruce D. Perry, «The Neurodevelopmental Impact of Violence in Childhood», Textbook of Child and Adolescent Forensic Psychiatry, eds. D. Schetky and E. P. Benedek (Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press, 2001), 221–238; Elwyn James Anthony, «Risk, Vulnerability, and Resilience: An Overview», in The Invulnerable Child, eds. Elwyn James Anthony and Bertram J. Cohler (New York: Guilford Press, 1987), 45.

284

Victor Goertzel and Mildred George Goertzel, Cradles of Eminence: Childhoods of More than Seven Hundred Famous Men and Women (Scottsdale, AZ: Great Potential Press, 2004), 76; Eleanor Roosevelt, This Is My Story (New York: Harper, 1937), 21.

285

Hanita Zimrin, «A Profile of Survival», Child Abuse and Neglect 10, no. 3 (1986): 339–349.

286

Hanita Zimrin, «A Profile of Survival», Child Abuse and Neglect 10, no. 3 (1986): 346.

287

Viktor E. Frankl, Man’s Search for Meaning: An Introduction to Logotherapy (Boston: Beacon, 2006), 39.

288

Kara Coombes and Ruth Anderson, «The Impact of Family of Origin on Social Workers from Alcoholic Families», Clinical Social Work Journal 28, no. 3 (2000): 281–302.

289

Автор цитаты точно не известен; обычно эти слова приписывают Алану Муру.

290

Akhil Sharma, Family Life: A Novel (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2014), 150.

291

292

293

Frieda Weise, «Being There: The Library as Place», Journal of the Medical Library Association 92, no. 1 (2004), 6–13.

294

Auke Tellegen and Gilbert Atkinson, «Openness to Absorbing and Self-Altering Experiences (‘Absorption’), A Trait Related to Hypnotic Susceptibility», Journal of Abnormal Psychology 83, no. 3 (1974): 268–277.

295

Victor Goertzel and Mildred George Goertzel, Cradles of Eminence: Childhoods of More than Seven Hundred Famous Men and Women (Scottsdale, AZ: Great Potential Press, 2004), 80.

296

Benjamin Baird, Jonathan Smallwood, and Jonathan W. Schooler, «Back to the Future: Autobiographical Planning and the Functionality of Mind-Wandering», Consciousness and Cognition 20, no. 4 (2011): 1604–1611; Angeliki Leondari, Efi Syngollitou, and Grigoris Kiosseoglou, «Academic Achievement, Motivation and Future Selves», Educational Studies 24, no. 2 (1998): 153–163; Benjamin W. Mooneyham and Jonathan W. Schooler, «The Costs and Benefits of Mind-Wandering: A Review», Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology 67, no. 1 (2013): 11–18; E. Paul Torrance, «The Beyonders in a Thirty Year Longitudinal Study of Creative Achievement», Roeper Review 15, no. 3 (1993): 131–135; E. Paul Torrance, «The Importance of Falling in Love with ‘Something,’», Creative Child and Adult Quarterly 8, no. 2 (1983): 72–78.

297

Jerome L. Singer, The Inner World of Daydreaming (New York: Harper and Row, 1975).

298

Thomas S. Bateman and Christine Porath, «Transcendent Behavior», in Positive Organizational Scholarship: Foundations of a New Discipline, eds. Kim Cameron, Jane Dutton, and Robert Quinn (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, 2003), 122–137.

299

Alan Cumming, Not My Father’s Son: A Family Memoir (Edinburgh: Canongate, 2014), 72.

300

Pink Floyd, «Nobody Home», by Roger Waters, in The Wall, Columbia Records, 1979, по состоянию на 27 февраля 2017 года, https://genius.com/Pink-floyd-nobody-home-lyrics.

301

Murray A. Straus and Richard J. Gelles, Physical Violence in American Families: Risk Factors and Adaptation to Violence in 8, 145 Families (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1990); Murray A. Straus, Richard J. Gelles, and Suzanne K. Steinmetz, Behind Closed Doors: Violence in American Families (Garden City, NY: Anchor/Doubleday, 1980).

302

Vernon R. Wiehe, «Sibling Abuse», in Domestic Violence and Child Abuse Resource Sourcebook, ed. Helene Henderson (Detroit: Omnigraphics, 2000), 409–492.

303

Lisa Stock, «Sibling Abuse: It Is Much More Serious than Child’s Play», Child Legal Rights Journal 14 (1993): 19–21.

304

David Finkelhor et al., «Violence, Abuse, and Crime Exposure in a National Sample of Children and Youth», Pediatrics 124, no. 5 (2009):1411–1423; Murray A. Straus and Richard J. Gelles, Physical Violence in American Families: Risk Factors and Adaptation to Violence in 8,145 Families (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1990); Murray A. Straus, Richard J. Gelles, and Suzanne K. Steinmetz, Behind Closed Doors: Violence in American Families (Garden City, NY: Anchor/Doubleday, 1980); Corinna J. Tucker, David Finkelhor, Anne M. Shattuck, and Heather Turner, «Prevalence and Correlates of Sibling Victimization Types», Child Abuse and Neglect 37, no. 4(2013): 213–223.

305

Shelley Eriksen and Vickie Jensen, «A Push or a Punch: Distinguishing the Severity of Sibling Violence», Journal of Interpersonal Violence 24, no. 1 (2009): 183–208; Megan P. Goodwin and Bruce Roscoe, «Sibling Violence and Agonistic Interactions Among Middle Adolescents», Adolescence 25, no. 98 (1990): 451–467; Marjorie S. Hardy, «Physical Aggression and Sexual Behavior Among Siblings: A Retrospective Study», Journal of Family Violence 16, no. 3(2001): 255–268; Heather H. Kettrey and Beth PG. Emery, «The Discourse of Sibling Violence», Journal of Family Violence 21, no. 6 (2006): 407–416; Catherine J. Simonelli et al., «Abuse by Siblings and Subsequent Experiences of Violence Within the Dating Relationship», Journal of Interpersonal Violence 17, no. 2 (2002): 103–121; Murray A. Straus and Richard J. Gelles, Physical Violence in American Families: Risk Factors and Adaptation to Violence in 8,145 Families (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1990); Murray A. Straus, Richard J. Gelles, and Suzanne K. Steinmetz, Behind Closed Doors: Violence in American Families (Garden City, NY: Anchor/Doubleday, 1980).

306

Murray A. Straus, Richard J. Gelles, and Suzanne K. Steinmetz, Behind Closed Doors: Violence in American Families (Garden City, NY: Anchor/Doubleday, 1980); Vernon R. Wiehe, Understanding Family Violence (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1998).

307

Shelley Eriksen and Vickie Jensen, «A Push or a Punch: Distinguishing the Severity of Sibling Violence», Journal of Interpersonal Violence 24, no. 1 (2009): 183–208; Catherine J. Simonelli et al., «Abuse by Siblings and Subsequent Experiences of Violence Within the Dating Relationship», Journal of Interpersonal Violence 17, no. 2 (2002): 103–121.

308

Murray A. Straus and Richard J. Gelles, Physical Violence in American Families: Risk Factors and Adaptation to Violence in 8,145 Families (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1990), 110.

309

David Finkelhor and Jennifer Dziuba-Leatherman, «Children as Victims of Violence: A National Survey», Pediatrics 94, no. 4(1994): 413–420; Kristi L. Hoffman and John N. Edwards, «An Integrated Theoretical Model of Sibling Violence and Abuse», Journal of Family Violence 19, no. 3 (2004): 185–200.

310

Jonathan Caspi, Sibling Aggression: Assessment and Treatment (New York: Springer Publishing Company, 2012).

311

Heather H. Kettrey and Beth PG. Emery, «The Discourse of Sibling Violence», Journal of Family Violence 21, no. 6 (2006): 407–416; Jessie L. Krienert and Jeffrey A. Walsh, «My Brother’s Keeper: A Contemporary Examination of Reported Sibling Violence Using National Level Data, 2000–2005», Journal of Family Violence 26, no. 5 (2011): 331–342.

312

Marjorie S. Hardy, «Physical Aggression and Sexual Behavior Among Siblings: A Retrospective Study», Journal of Family Violence 16, no. 3 (2001): 255–268; Heather H. Kettrey and Beth PG. Emery, «The Discourse of Sibling Violence», Journal of Family Violence 21, no. 6 (2006): 407–416.

313

Jonathan Caspi, Sibling Aggression: Assessment and Treatment (New York: Springer Publishing Company, 2012); David Finkelhor, Richard K. Ormrod, and Heather A. Turner, «Lifetime Assessment of Poly-Victimization in a National Sample of Children and Youth», Child Abuse and Neglect 33, no. 7 (2009): 403–411; David Finkelhor, Heather Turner, and Richard Ormrod, «Kid’s Stuff: The Nature and Impact of Peer and Sibling Violence on Younger and Older Children», Child Abuse and Neglect 30, no. 12 (2006): 1401–1421; Jacqueline L. Martin and Hildy S. Ross, «Sibling Aggression: Sex Differences and Parents’ Reactions», International Journal of Behavioral Development 29, no. 2 (2005): 129–138; Corinna J. Tucker et al., «Sibling Proactive and Reactive Aggression in Adolescence», Journal of Family Violence 28, no. 3 (2013): 299–310.

314

Corinna J. Tucker, David Finkelhor, Heather Turner, and Anne M. Shattuck, «Sibling and Peer Victimization in Childhood and Adolescence», Child Abuse and Neglect 38, no. 10 (2014): 1599–1606.

315

Mark S. Kiselica and Mandy Morrill-Richards, «Sibling Maltreatment: The Forgotten Abuse», Journal of Counseling and Development 85, no. 2 (2007): 148–160.

316

John V. Caffaro and Allison Conn-Caffaro, Sibling Abuse Trauma: Assessment and Intervention Strategies for Children, Families, and Adults (London: Routledge, 1998); Shelley Eriksen and Vickie Jensen, «All in the Family? Family Environment Factors in Sibling Violence», Journal of Family Violence 21, no. 8(2006): 497–507; Shelley Eriksen and Vickie Jensen, «A Push or a Punch: Distinguishing the Severity of Sibling Violence», Journal of Interpersonal Violence 24, no. 1 (2009): 183–208; David Finkelhor, Heather Turner, and Richard Ormrod, «Kid’s Stuff: The Nature and Impact of Peer and Sibling Violence on Younger and Older Children», Child Abuse and Neglect 30, no. 12 (2006): 1401–1421.

317

Shelley Eriksen and Vickie Jensen, «A Push or a Punch: Distinguishing the Severity of Sibling Violence», Journal of Interpersonal Violence 24, no. 1 (2009): 183–208; David Finkelhor, Heather Turner, and Richard Ormrod, «Kid’s Stuff: The Nature and Impact of Peer and Sibling Violence on Younger and Older Children», Child Abuse and Neglect 30, no. 12 (2006): 1401–1421; Corinna J. Tucker et al., «Sibling Proactive and Reactive Aggression in Adolescence», Journal of Family Violence 28, no. 3 (2013): 299–310.

318

David Finkelhor, Heather Turner, and Richard Ormrod, «Kid’s Stuff: The Nature and Impact of Peer and Sibling Violence on Younger and Older Children», Child Abuse and Neglect 30, no. 12 (2006): 1401–1421.

319

Linda M. Baskett, «Ordinal Position Differences in Children’s Family Interactions», Developmental Psychology 20, no. 6(1984): 1026–1031.

320

Robert S. Pynoos et al., «Issues in the Developmental Neurobiology of Traumatic Stress», Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 821, no. 1(1997): 176–193; Robert S. Pynoos, «The Transgenerational Repercussions of Traumatic Expectations» (paper presented at the 6th IPA Conference on Psychoanalytic Research, University of London, March 8–9, 1996).

321

Jerome Kagan, «A Conceptual Analysis of the Affects», Journal of American Psychoanalytic Association 39 (1991): 109–130.

322

Издана на русском языке: Уоллс Дж. Замок из стекла. М.: Litres, 2017.

323

Jeannette Walls, The Glass Castle: A Memoir (New York: Scribner, 2009), 34.

324

Joseph E. LeDoux, «Emotion: Clues from the Brain», Annual Review of Psychology 46 (1995): 209–235.

325

John H. Krystal et al., «Neurobiological Aspects of PTSD: Review of Clinical and Preclinical Studies», Behavior Therapy 20, no. 2 (1989): 177–198; Lisa M. Shin, «The Amygdala in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder», in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Basic Science and Clinical Practice, eds. Joseph E. LeDoux, Terrence Keane, and Peter Shiromani (New York: Springer Science and Business Media, 2009), 319–336; Paul J. Whalen, «Fear, Vigilance, and Ambiguity: Initial Neuroimaging Studies of the Human Amygdala», Current Directions in Psychological Science (1998): 177–188.

326

Randolph M. Nesse, «Natural Selection and the Regulation of Defenses: A Signal Detection Analysis of the Smoke Detector Principle», Evolution and Human Behavior 26, no. 1 (2005): 88–105; Randolph M. Nesse, «The Smoke Detector Principle», Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 935, no. 1 (2001): 75–85.

327

Donald G. Rainnie and Kerry J. Ressler, «Physiology of the Amygdala: Implications for PTSD», in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Basic Science and Clinical Practice, eds. Joseph E. LeDoux, Terrence Keane, and Peter Shiromani (New York: Springer Science and Business Media, 2009), 39–78.

328

Guido A. van Wingen et al., «Perceived Threat Predicts the Neural Sequelae of Combat Stress», Molecular Psychiatry 16, no. 6(2011): 664–671.

329

Eamon J. McCroryet al., «Heightened Neural Reactivity to Threat in Child Victims of Family Violence», Current Biology 21, no. 23 (2011): R947–R948.

330

Sonia J. Lupien et al., «Larger Amygdala but No Change in Hippocampal Volume in 10-Year-Old Children Exposed to Maternal Depressive Symptomatology Since Birth», Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108, no. 34 (2011): 14324–14329.

331

Laurence Gonzales, Surviving Survival: The Art and Science of Resilience (New York: Norton, 2012), 70.

332

Karen A. Frankel, Elizabeth A. Boetsch, and Robert J. Harmon, «Elevated Picture Completion Scores: A Possible Indicator of Hypervigilance in Maltreated Preschoolers», Child Abuse and Neglect 24, no. 1(2000): 63–70.

333

David Wechsler, Manual: Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, Revised (San Antonio: Psychological Corporation, 1989).

334

В этом исследовании описательные статистические данные собирались исключительно с применением специального теста Векслера, включая такие подтесты, как «Дома животных», «Недостающие детали», «Лабиринты», «Геометрические фигуры» и «Кубики».

335

Впервые опубликовано в 1872 году. Более поздние издания см. в Charles Darwin, Paul Ekman, and Phillip Prodger, The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals, 3rd edition (London: Harper Collins, 1998).

336

Paul Ekman and Wallace V. Friesen, Manual for the Facial Action Coding System (Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press, 1978).

337

Dante Cicchetti and Adrienne Banny, «A Developmental Psychopathology Perspective on Child Maltreatment», in Handbook of Developmental Psychopathology, eds. Michael Lewis and Karen D. Rudolph (New York: Springer, 2014), 723–741; Nikki Luke and Robin Banerjee, «Differentiated Associations Between Childhood Maltreatment Experiences and Social Understanding: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review», Developmental Review 33, no. 1 (2013): 1–28; Seth D. Pollak, «Mechanisms Linking Early Experience and the Emergence of Emotions: Illustrations from the Study of Maltreated Children», Current Directions in Psychological Science 17, no. 6 (2008): 370–375. See, for reviews, Willem E. Frankenhuis and Carolina de Weerth, «Does Early-Life Exposure to Stress Shape or Impair Cognition?», Current Directions in Psychological Science 22, no. 5(2013): 407–412.

338

Seth D. Pollak and Pawan Sinha, «Effects of Early Experience on Children’s Recognition of Facial Displays of Emotion», Developmental Psychology 38, no. 5(2002): 784–791.

339

Seth D. Pollak et al., «Development of Perceptual Expertise in Emotion Recognition», Cognition 110, no. 2 (2009): 242–247.

340

Seth D. Pollak et al., «Physically Abused Children’s Regulation of Attention in Response to Hostility», Child Development 76, no. 5 (2005): 968–977.

341

Charles Darwin and Francis Darwin, ed., The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin, Including an Autobiographical Chapter (New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1887), 280.

342

Интересное обсуждение см. Judith L. Herman, Trauma and Recovery (New York: Basic Books, 1997), 99.

343

Julien Worland et al., «St. Louis Risk Research Project: Comprehensive Progress Report of Experimental Studies», in Children at Risk for Schizophrenia: A Longitudinal Perspective, eds. Norman F. Wattet al. (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1984), 105–147.

344

Judith L. Herman, Trauma and Recovery (New York: Basic Books, 1997), 90.

345

Описания этого случая см. Elwyn J. Anthony and Bertram J. Cohler, eds., The Invulnerable Child (New York: Guilford Press, 1987), 323.

346

Laurence Maslon and Michael Kantor, Superheroes!: Capes, Cowls, and the Creation of Comic Book Culture (New York: Crown Archetype, 2013), 136.

347

Willem E. Frankenhuis and Carolinade Weerth, «Does Early-Life Exposure to Stress Shape or Impair Cognition?», Current Directions in Psychological Science 22, no. 5 (2013): 407–412.

348

Laura Campbell-Sills, Sharon L. Cohan, and Murray B. Stein, «Relationship of Resilience to Personality, Coping, and Psychiatric Symptoms in Young Adults», Behaviour Research and Therapy 44, no. 4(2006): 585–599; Rebecca L. Shiner, Ann S. Masten, and Jennifer M. Roberts, «Childhood Personality Foreshadows Adult Personality and Life Outcomes Two Decades Later», Journal of Personality 71, no. 6 (2003): 1145–1170.

349

См. обзор в Dacher Keltner, Deborah H. Gruenfeld, and Cameron Anderson, «Power, Approach, and Inhibition», Psychological Review 110, no. 2 (2003): 265–284.

350

Victor Goertzel and Mildred G. Goertzel, Cradles of Eminence: Childhoods of More than Seven Hundred Famous Men and Women (Scottsdale, AZ: Great Potential Press, 2004), 332.

351

Michael Davis and Paul J. Whalen, «The Amygdala: Vigilance and Emotion», Molecular Psychiatry 6, no. 1(2001): 13–34.

352

353

Rajnish P. Rao et al., «PTSD: From Neurons to Networks», in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Basic Science and Clinical Practice, eds. Joseph E. Le Doux, Terrence Keane, and Peter Shiromani (New York: Springer Science and Business Media, 2009), 151–186; Steven M. Southwick and Dennis S. Charney, Resilience: The Science of Mastering Life’s Greatest Challenges (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012), 56.

354

Mark W. Miller et al., «Low Basal Cortisol and Startle Responding as Possible Biomarkers of PTSD: The Influence of Internalizing and Externalizing Comorbidity», in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Basic Science and Clinical Practice, eds. Joseph E. LeDoux, Terrence Keane, and Peter Shiromani (NewYork: Springer Science and Business Media, 2009), 289.

355

Rachel Yehuda, «Stress Hormones and PTSD», in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Basic Science and Clinical Practice, eds. Joseph E. LeDoux, Terrence Keane, and Peter Shiromani (New York: Springer Science and Business Media, 2009), 257–276.

356

Bessel A. van der Kolk, Alexander PG. McFarlane, and Lars Weisaeth, Traumatic Stress: The Effects of Overwhelming Experience on Mind, Body, and Society (New York: Guilford, 2012).

357

Jerome Kagan, «A Conceptual Analysis of the Affects», Journal of American Psychoanalytic Association 39 (1991): 109–130.

358

Dennis S. Charney, «Psychobiological Mechanisms of Resilience and Vulnerability», Focus 2, no. 3 (2004): 368–391; Bruce McEwen and Robert Sapolsky, «Stress and your Health», Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 91, no. 2 (2006); Hans Selye, «The General Adaptation Syndrome and the Diseases of Adaptation», Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 6, no. 2(1946): 117–230; Steven M. Southwick and Dennis S. Charney, Resilience: The Science of Mastering Life’s Greatest Challenges (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012), 56.

359

Laurence Gonzales, Surviving Survival: The Art and Science of Resilience (New York: Norton, 2012), 167.

360

Издана на русском языке: Гонсалес Л. Остаться в живых. Психология поведения в эстремальных ситуациях. М.: Манн, Иванов и Фербер, 2014.

361

Klaus Bader et al., «Adverse Childhood Experiences Associated with Sleep in Primary Insomnia», Journal of Sleep Research 16, no. 3 (2007): 285–296; L. D. Sanford and X. Tang, «Effect of Stress on Sleep and Its Relationship to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder», in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Basic Science and Clinical Practice, eds. Joseph E. LeDoux, Terrence Keane, and Peter Shiromani (New York: Springer Science and Business Media, 2009), 231–256; Martin H. Teicher et al., «The Neurobiological Consequences of Early Stress and Childhood Maltreatment», Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 27, no. 1 (2003): 33–44.

362

Oliver Sacks, On the Move (New York: Knopf, 2015), 1.

363

Liza Long, «I Am Adam Lanza’s Mother»», Blue Review, Boise State University School of Public Service, 15 декабря 2012 года, http://thebluereview.org/i-am-adam-lanzas-mother.

364

Merle McPherson et al., «A New Definition of Children with Special Health Care Needs», Pediatrics 102, no. 1 (1998): 137–139; Paul W. Newacheck et al., «An Epidemiologic Profile of Children with Special Health Care Needs», Pediatrics 102, no. 1 (1998): 117–123.

365

См. также National Alliance on Mental Illness, North Carolina, «Understanding Serious Emotional Disorders in Children», по состоянию на 14 февраля 2016 года, http://naminpg.org/nn/publications/SED.pdf.

366

Christina D. Bethell et al., «What Is the Prevalence of Children with Special Health Care Needs? Toward an Understanding of Variations in Findings and Methods Across Three National Surveys», Maternal and Child Health Journal 12, no. 1 (2008): 1–14; Child and Adolescent Health Measurement Initiative, «Who Are Children with Special Health Care Needs?», по состоянию на 14 февраля 2016 года, http://www.cahmi.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/CSHCNS-whoarecshcn_revised_07b-pdf.pdf; Министерство здравоохранения и социального обеспечения США, Управление ресурсов и служб здравоохранения, «Children with Special HealthCare Needs in Context: A Portrait of States and the Nation 2007», по состоянию на 14 февраля 2016 года, http://www.mchb.hrsa.gov/nsch/07cshcn/moreinfo/pdf/cshcn11.pdf; US Министерство здравоохранения и социального обеспечения США, Управление ресурсов и служб здравоохранения, «The National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs Chartbook 2005–2006», по состоянию на 14 февраля 2016 года, http://mchb.hrsa.gov/cshcn05.

367

Bruce E. Compas et al., «Coping with Chronic Illness in Childhood and Adolescence», Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 8(2012): 455–480; Neal Halfon and Paul W. Newacheck, «Evolving Notions of Childhood Chronic Illness», Journal of the American Medical Association 303, no. 7 (2010): 665–666; Lidwine B. Mokkink et al., «Defining Chronic Diseases and Health Conditions in Childhood (0–18 Years of Age): National Consensus in the Netherlands», European Journal of Pediatrics 167, no. 12 (2008): 1441–1447.

368

US Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, «The National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs Chartbook 2005–2006», по состоянию на 14 февраля 2016 года, http://mchb.hrsa.gov/cshcn05.

369

«Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act of 2000, Public Law 106–402», 106th US Congress, October 30, 2000, по состоянию на 14 февраля 2016 года, https://www.acl.gov/sites/default/files/about-acl/2016-12/dd_act_2000.pdf.

370

См. Karen Olsson, «Her Autistic Brothers», New York Times Magazine, February 18, 2007, по состоянию на 14 февраля 2016 года, http://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/18/magazine/18autistipg.t.html; «Supersiblings: Empowering and Supporting Siblings of People with Autism», по состоянию на 14 февраля 2016 года, http://www.supersiblings.org.

371

Don Meyer and Patricia F. Vadasy, Sibshops: Workshops for Siblings of Children with Special Needs (Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes Publishing, 2007).

372

Scott Michaux, «Star of Spieth Family Is Ellie», Augusta Chronicle, March 20, 2016, по состоянию на 23 января 2017 года, http://www.augusta.com/masters/story/news/star-spieth-family-ellie.

373

Gregory Jurkovic, Lost Childhoods: The Plight of the Parentified Child (New York: Brunner/Mazel, 1997); Suzanne Lamorey, «Parentification of Siblings of Children with Disability or Chronic Disease», in Burdened Children: Theory, Research, and Treatment of Parentification, ed. Nancy Chase (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1999), 75–91.

374

Uncle Tungsten, quoted in OliverSacks, On the Move (New York: Knopf, 2015), 57–58.

375

Oliver Sacks, On the Move (New York: Knopf, 2015), 65.

376

Oliver Sacks, On the Move (New York: Knopf, 2015), 63–64.

377

Oprah Winfrey, What I Know for Sure (New York: Flatiron Books, 2014), 201.

378

Evelyn PG. White, Alice Walker: A Life (New York: Norton, 2004), 15.

379

Carl Sandburg, Abraham Lincoln: The Prairie Years and the War Years (New York: Harcourt, 1954), 14.

380

Victor Bokris, Warhol: The Biography (Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press, 2003), 37.

381

Zhe Wang and Kirby Deater-Deckard, «Resilience in Gene-Environment Transactions», in Handbook of Resilience in Children, eds. Sam Goldstein and Robert B. Brooks (New York: Springer, 2012), 57–72.

382

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Albert Camus, «Notebook IV», in Notebooks: 1942–1951(New York: Knopf, 1965), 80.

500

Bjоrn Hildrum et al., «Effect of Anxiety and Depression on Blood Pressure: 11-Year Longitudinal Population Study», British Journal of Psychiatry 193, no. 2 (2008): 108–113; Bjоrn Hildrum et al., «Association of Low Blood Pressure with Anxiety and Depression: The Nord-Trоndelag Health Study», Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 61, no. 1 (2007): 53–58.

501

См. обзор в Howard N. Snyder, «Sexual Assault of Young Children as Reported to Law Enforcement: Victim, Incident, and Offender Characteristics», Bureau of Justice Statistics, US Department of Justice (Washington, DC, 2000), 1–17, по состоянию на 27 августа 2016 года, http://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/saycrle.pdf.

502

Rebecca M. Bolen and Maria Scannapieco, «Prevalence of Child Sexual Abuse: A Corrective Meta-Analysis», Social Service Review 73, no. 3 (1999): 281–313; David Finkelhor, «The International Epidemiology of Child Sexual Abuse», Child Abuse and Neglect, 18, no. 5 (1994): 409–417; Noemе Pereda et al., «The Prevalence of Child Sexual Abuse in Community and Student Samples: A Meta-Analysis», Clinical Psychology Review 29, no. 4 (2009): 328–338.

503

Howard N. Snyder, «Sexual Assault of Young Children as Reported to Law Enforcement: Victim, Incident, and Offender Characteristics», Бюро статистики в области правосудия, Министерство юстиции США (Вашингтон, 2000), 1–17, по состоянию на 27 августа 2016 года, http://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/saycrle.pdf.

504

Sandra Louise Kirby, Lorraine Greaves, and Olena Hankivsky, The Dome of Silence: Sexual Harassment and Abuse in Sport (Halifax: Fernwood, 2000);Roberto Maniglio, «The Impact of Child Sexual Abuse on Health: A Systematic Review of Reviews», Clinical Psychology Review 29, no. 7 (2009): 647–657; Elizabeth Oddone Paolucci, Mark L. Genuis, and Claudio Violato, «A Meta-Analysisof the Published Research on the Effects of Child Sexual Abuse», Journal of Psychology 135, no. 1 (2001): 17–36.

505

Celia Brackenridge, «‘He Owned Me Basically…’: Women’s Experience of Sexual Abuse in Sport», International Review for the Sociology of Sport 32, no. 2(1997): 118.

506

Survivor quoted in Celia Brackenridge, «‘He Owned Me Basically…’: Women’s Experience of Sexual Abuse in Sport», International Review for the Sociology of Sport 32, no. 2 (1997): 118.

507

Kenneth V. Lanning, «A Law Enforcement Perspective on the Compliant Child Victim», APSAC Advisor 14, no. 2 (2002): 4–9.

508

Возраст согласия варьируется во всем мире и даже в разных штатах США; он может составлять 16, 17 или 18 лет.

509

Rachel Sturtz, «The Sex Abuse Scandal Plaguing USA Swimming», Outside Online, по состоянию на 24 января 2017 года, https://www.outsideonline.com/o/outdoor-adventure/water-activities/swimming/The-Sex-Abuse-Scandal-Plaguing-USA-Swimming.html.

510

A. C. Shilton, «National Champion Missy Erickson Speaks Out About Her Sexual Abuse», Bicycling, January 4, 2017, по состоянию на 24 января 2017 года, http://www.bicycling.com/racing/people/national-champion-missy-erickson-speaks-out-about-her-sexual-abuse.

511

Katrin Bennhold, «Child Sexual Abuse Scandal Rocks UK Soccer», New York Times, December 13, 2016, по состоянию на 24 января 2017 года, https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/13/world/europe/soccer-uk-sexual-abuse-andy-woodward.html.

512

Tim Evans, Mark Alesia, and Marisa Kwiatkowski, «20-Year Toll: 368 Gymnasts Allege Sexual Exploitation», Indianapolis Star, December 15, 2016, по состоянию на 24 января 2017 года, http://www.indystar.com/story/news/2016/12/15/20-year-toll-368-gymnasts-allege-sexual-exploitation/95198724/; Brit McCandless, «On 60 Minutes, Former Gymnasts Allege Sexual Abuse», CBS News, February 19, 2017, по состоянию на 26 февраля 2017 года, http://www.cbsnews.com/news/on-60-minutes-former-gymnasts-allege-sexual-abuse.

513

514

515

Цитируется по Celia Brackenridge, «‘He Owned Me Basically…’: Women’s Experience of Sexual Abuse in Sport», International Review for the Sociology of Sport 32, no. 2 (1997): 123.

516

Bessel A. van der Kolk, The Body Keeps the Score: Brain, Mind, and Bodyin the Healing of Trauma (New York: Penguin, 2014), 43.

517

Адаптировано из S. Rodgers, «Guilty Knowledge: The Sports Consultant’s Perspective» (труд представлен на тематическом семинаре Челтнемского и Глочестерского колледжей, 1996), цит. по: Celia Brackenridge, «‘He Owned Me Basically…’: Women’s Experience of Sexual Abuse in Sport», International Review for the Sociology of Sport 32, no. 2 (1997): 115–130.

518

Viktor Frankl, послесловие для Edith Weisskopf-Joelson, Father, Have I Kept My Promise? Madness as Seen from Within (West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University Press, 1988), 137.

519

Ronald C. Kessler et al., «Lifetime Prevalence and Age-of-Onset Distributions of DSM-IV Disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication», Archives of General Psychiatry 62, no. 6 (2005): 593–602.

520

Американская психологическая ассоциация, «The Road to Resilience», по состоянию на 25 января 2017 года, http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/road-resilience.aspx.

521

522

Elaine Fox, Laura Griggs, and Elias Mouchlianitis, «The Detection of Fear-Relevant Stimuli: Are Guns Noticed as Quickly as Snakes?» Emotion 7, no. 4 (2007): 691–696.

523

Bruce S. McEwen, «Stressed or Stressed Out: What Is the Difference?» Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience 30, no. 5(2005): 315–318.

524

525

526

Тут возможен также так называемый эффект потолка, то есть после определенного момента дополнительные неблагоприятные жизненные обстоятельства повышают уровень риска, но уже меньшими темпами. See Corina Benjet, Guilherme Borges, and Maria Elizabeth Medina-Mora, «Chronic Childhood Adversity and Onset of Psychopathology During Three Life Stages: Childhood, Adolescence and Adulthood», Journal of Psychiatric Research 44, no. 11 (2010): 732–740.

527

528

Margaret O’Dougherty Wright, Ann S. Masten, and Angela J. Narayan, «Resilience Processes in Development: Four Waves of Research on Positive Adaptations in the Context of Adversity», in Handbook of Resilience in Children, eds. Sam Goldstein and Robert B. Brooks (New York: Springer, 2012), 26; Harvey Peskin, «Uses of the Past in Adult Psychological Health: Objective, Historical, and Narrative Realities», in Handbook of Aging and Mental Health, ed. Jacob Lomranz (New York: Springer, 1998), 297–318.

529

Shanta R. Dube et al., «The Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Health Problems: Evidence from Four Birth Cohorts Dating Back to 1900», Preventive Medicine 37, no. 3 (2003): 268–277.

530

Andrea Danese et al., «Childhood Maltreatment Predicts Adult Inflammation in a Life-Course Study», Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104, no. 4 (2007): 1319–1324; Gregory E. Miller and Steve W. Cole, «Clustering of Depression and Inflammation in Adolescents Previously Exposed to Childhood Adversity», Biological Psychiatry 72, no. 1 (2012): 34–40; Gregory Miller, Edith Chen, and Steve W. Cole, «Health Psychology: Developing Biologically Plausible Models Linking the Social World and Physical Health», Annual Review of Psychology 60 (2009): 501–524; Natalie Slopen et al., «Childhood Adversity and Inflammatory Processes in Youth: A Prospective Study», Psychoneuroendocrinology 38, no. 2 (2013): 188–200.

531

Stacy S. Drury et al., «Telomere Length and Early Severe Social Deprivation: Linking Early Adversity and Cellular Aging», Molecular Psychiatry 17, no. 7 (2012): 719–727; Laura Kananen et al., «Childhood Adversities Are Associated with Shorter Telomere Length at Adult Age Both in Individuals with an Anxiety Disorder and Controls», PLOS One 5, no. 5 (2010): e10826; Janice K. Kiecolt-Glaseret al., «Childhood Adversity Heightens the Impact of Later-Life Caregiving Stress on Telomere Length and Inflammation», Psychosomatic Medicine 73, no. 1 (2011): 16–22; Audrey R. Tyrka, «Childhood Maltreatment and Telomere Shortening: Preliminary Support for an Effect of Early Stress on Cellular Aging», Biological Psychiatry 67, no. 6 (2010): 531–534.

532

David W. Brown et al., «Adverse Childhood Experiences and the Risk of Premature Mortality», American Journal of Preventive Medicine 37, no. 5 (2009): 389–396.

533

Paula S. Nurius, Edwina Uehara, and Douglas F. Zatzick, «Intersection of Stress, Social Disadvantage, and Life Course Processes: Reframing Trauma and Mental Health», American Journal of Psychiatric Rehabilitation 16, no. 2 (2013): 91–114; Sharon Schwartz and Cheryl Corcoran, «Theories of Psychiatric Disorders: A Sociological Analysis», in A Handbook for the Study of Mental Health: Social Contexts, Theories and Systems, 2nd ed., eds. Teresa L. Scheid andTony N. Brown (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010), 64–88; Jack P. Shonkoff et al., «The Lifelong Effects of Early Childhood Adversity and Toxic Stress», Pediatrics 129, no. 1 (2012): e232–e246.

534

Michael D. De Bellis et al., «Brain Structures in Pediatric Maltreatment-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Sociodemographically Matched Study», Biological Psychiatry 52, no. 11 (2002): 1066–1078; Michael D. De Belliset al., «Developmental Traumatology Part II: Brain Development», Biological Psychiatry 45(1999): 1271–1284; Victor C. Carrion et al., «Attenuation of Frontal Asymmetry in Pediatric Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder», Biological Psychiatry 50, no. 12 (2001): 943–951; Danya Glaser, «Child Abuse and Neglect and the Brain: A Review», Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 41, no. 1 (2000): 97–116; Christine Heim and Charles B. Nemeroff, «The Role of Childhood Trauma in the Neurobiology of Mood and Anxiety Disorders: Preclinical and Clinical Studies», Biological Psychiatry 49, no. 12 (2001): 1023–1039; Joan Kaufman and Dennis Charney, «Effects of Early Stress on Brain Structure and Function: Implications for Understanding the Relationship Between Child Maltreatment and Depression», Development and Psychopathology 13, no. 3 (2001): 451–471; Joan Kaufman et al., «Effects of Early Adverse Experiences on Brain Structure and Function: Clinical Implications», Biological Psychiatry 48, no. 8 (2000): 778–790; Sonia J. Lupien et al., «Effects of Stress Throughout the Lifespan on the Brain, Behaviour and Cognition», Nature Reviews Neuroscience 10, no. 6 (2009): 434–445; Jack P. Shonkoff et al., «The Lifelong Effects of Early Childhood Adversity and Toxic Stress», Pediatrics 129, no. 1 (2012): e232–e246; Martin H. Teicher, Carl M. Anderson, and Ann Polcari, «Childhood Maltreatment Is Associatedwith Reduced Volume in the Hippocampal Subfields CA3, Dentate Gyrus, and Subiculum», Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109, no. 9 (2012): E563–E572; Martin H. Teicher, Akemi Tomoda, and Susan L. Andersen, «Neurobiological Consequences of Early Stress and Childhood Maltreatment: Are Results from Human and Animal Studies Comparable?» Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1071, no. 1 (2006): 313–323; MartinH. Teicher et al., «Childhood Neglect Is Associated with Reduced Corpus Callosum Area», Biological Psychiatry 56, no. 2 (2004): 80–85.

535

Краткий обзор взглядов доктора Блока представлен в стенограмме его выступления на собрании Американской ассоциации педиатров-хирургов в 2015 году в статье Robert W. Block, «All Adults Once Were Children», Journal of Pediatric Surgery 51, no. 1(2016): 23–27; this term on p. 25.

536

Robert F. Anda et al., «The Enduring Effects of Abuse and Related Adverse Experiences in Childhood», European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 256, no. 3 (2006): 174–186; Oscar A. Cabrera et al., «Childhood Adversity and Combat as Predictors of Depression and Post-Traumatic Stress in Deployed Troops», American Journal of Preventive Medicine 33, no. 2(2007): 77–82; Daniel P. Chapman, Shanta R. Dube, and Robert F. Anda, «Adverse Childhood Events as Risk Factors for Negative Mental Health Outcomes», Psychiatric Annals 37, no. 5 (2007): 359–364; Daniel P. Chapman et al., «Adverse Childhood Experiences and the Risk of Depressive Disorders in Adulthood», Journal of Affective Disorders 82, no. 2 (2004): 217–225; Mariette J. Chartier, John R. Walker, and Barbara Naimark, «Separate and Cumulative Effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences Adult Health and Health Care Utilization», Child Abuse and Neglect 34, no. 6 (2010): 454–464; Ronald A. Cohen et al., «Early Life Stress and Adult Emotional Experience: An International Perspective», International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 36, no. 1 (2006): 35–52; Brian Draper et al., «Long Term Effects of Childhood Abuseon the Quality of Life and Health of Older People: Results from the Depression and Early Prevention of Suicide in General Practice Project», Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 56, no. 2 (2008): 262–271; Shanta R. Dube, Michelle L. Cook, and Valerie J. Edwards, «Health-Related Outcomes of Adverse Childhood Experiences in Texas, 2002», Preventing Chronic Disease 7, no. 3 (2010), A52; Valerie J. Edwards et al., «Relationship Between Multiple Forms of Childhood Maltreatment and Adult Mental Health in Community Respondents: Results from the Adverse Childhood Experiences Study», American Journal of Psychiatry 160, no. 8 (2003): 1453–1460; Jennifer Greif Green et al., «Childhood Adversities and Adult Psychiatric Disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication I: Associations with First Onset of DSM-IV Disorders», Archives of General Psychiatry 67, no. 2 (2010): 113–123; Christine Heim et al., «The Link Between Childhood Trauma and Depression: Insights from HPA Axis Studies in Humans», Psychoneuroendocrinology 33, no. 6 (2008): 693–710; Carole Hooven et al., «Childhood Violence Exposure: Cumulative and Specific Effects on Adult Mental Health», Journal of Family Violence 27, no. 6 (2012): 511–522; Jeffrey G. Johnson et al., «Childhood Adversities Associated with Risk for Eating Disorders or Weight Problems During Adolescence or Early Adulthood», American Journal of Psychiatry 159, no. 3 (2002): 394–400; RonaldC. Kessler, Christopher G. Davis, and Kenneth S. Kendler, «Childhood Adversity and Adult Psychiatric Disorder in the US National Comorbidity Survey», Psychological Medicine 27, no. 5 (1997): 1101–1119; Weili Lu et al., «Correlates of Adverse Childhood Experiences Among Adults with Severe Mood Disorders», Psychiatric Services 59, no. 9 (2008):1018–1026; Katie A. McLaughlin et al., «Childhood Adversities and Adult Psychiatric Disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication II: Associations with Persistence of DSM-IV Disorders», Archives of General Psychiatry 67, no. 2 (2010): 124–132; Joshua P. Mersky, James Topitzes, and Arthur J. Reynolds, «Impacts of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Health, Mental Health, and Substance Use in Early Adulthood: A Cohort Study of an Urban, Minority Sample in the US», Child Abuse and Neglect 37, no. 11(2013): 917–925; Elizabeth A. Schilling, Robert H. Aseltine, and Susan Gore, «Adverse Childhood Experiences and Mental Health in Young Adults: A Longitudinal Survey», BMC Public Health 7, no. 1 (2007): 30; Elizabeth A. Schilling, Robert H. Aseltine, and Susan Gore, «The Impact of Cumulative Childhood Adversity on Young Adult Mental Health: Measures, Models, and Interpretations», Social Science and Medicine, 66, no. 5(2008), 1140–1151;R. Jay Turner and Donald A. Lloyd, «Lifetime Traumas and Mental Health: The Significance of Cumulative Adversity», Journal of Health and Social Behavior 36, no. 4 (1995): 360–376; Charles L. Whitfield et al., «Adverse Childhood Experiences and Hallucinations», Child Abuse and Neglect 29, no. 7 (2005): 797–810.

537

538

J. Douglas Bremner, Does Stress Damage the Brain?: Understanding Trauma-Related Disorders from a Mind-Body Perspective (New York: Norton, 2002); Christine J. Heim, Douglas Bremner, and Charles B. Nemeroff, «Trauma Spectrum Disorders», in Principles of Molecular Medicine, eds. Marschall S. Runge and Cam Patterson (Totowa, NJ: Humana, 2006), 1203–1210; Maryhelen Kreidler and Colleen Kurzawa, «Trauma Spectrum Disorders», Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services 47, no. 11 (2009): 26–33.

539

David Finkelhor, «Early and Long-Term Effects of Child Sexual Abuse: An Update», Professional Psychology: Research and Practice 21, no. 5 (1990): 325–330; David Finkelhor and Angela Browne, «Assessing the Long Term Impact of Child Sexual Abuse: A Review and Conceptualization», in Family Abuse and Its Consequences: New Directions in Research, eds. Gerald T. Hotaling et al. (Newburg Park, CA: Sage, 1988); Kathleen A. Kendall-Tackett, Linda M. Williams, and David Finkelhor, «Impact of Sexual Abuse on Children: A Review and Synthesis of Recent Empirical Studies», Psychological Bulletin 113, no. 1 (1993): 164–180; Alfred Lange et al., «Long-Term Effects of Childhood Sexual Abuse: Objective and Subjective Characteristics of the Abuse and Psychopathology in Later Life», Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 187, no. 3 (1999): 150–158; Roberto Maniglio, «The Impact of Child Sexual Abuse on Health: A Systematic Review of Reviews», Clinical Psychology Review 29, no. 7 (2009):647–657; Elliot C. Nelson et al., «Association Between Self-Reported Childhood Sexual Abuse and Adverse Psychosocial Outcomes: Results from a Twin Study», Archives of General Psychiatry 59, no. 2 (2002): 139–145; Elizabeth Oddone Paolucci, Mark L. Genuis, and Claudio Violato, «A Meta-Analysis of the Published Research on the Effects of Child Sexual Abuse», Journal of Psychology 135, no. 1 (2001): 17–36.

540

Jennifer Greif Green et al., «Childhood Adversities and Adult Psychiatric Disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication I: Associations with First Onset of DSM-IV Disorders», Archives of General Psychiatry 67, no. 2 (2010): 113–123.

541

Corina Benjet, Guilherme Borges, and Maria Elena Medina-Mora, «Chronic Childhood Adversity and Onset of Psychopathology During Three Life Stages: Childhood, Adolescence and Adulthood», Journal of Psychiatry Research 44, no. 11 (2010): 732–740; Valerie J. Edwards et al., «Relationship Between Multiple Forms of Childhood Maltreatment and Adult Mental Health in Community Respondents: Results from the Adverse Childhood Experiences Study», American Journal of Psychiatry 160, no. 8 (2003): 1453–1460; Jennifer Greif Green et al., «Childhood Adversities and Adult Psychiatric Disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication I: Associations with First Onset of DSM-IV Disorders», Archives of General Psychiatry 67, no. 2 (2010): 113–123; James Scott, Daniel Varghese, and John Mc Grath, «As the Twig Is Bent, the Tree Inclines: Adult Mental Health Consequences of Childhood Adversity», Archives of General Psychiatry 67, no. 2 (2010): 111–112.

542

Ronald C. Kessler et al., «Childhood Adversity and Adult Psychopathology», in Stress and Adversity Over the Life Course: Trajectories and Turning Points, eds. Ian H. Gotlib and Blair Wheaton (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997), 29–49; Arnold Sameroff, «A Unified Theory of Development: A Dialectic Integration of Nature and Nurture», Child Development 81, no. 1 (2010): 6–22.

543

Adriana Feder, Eric J. Nestler, and Dennis S. Charney, «Psychobiology and Molecular Genetics of Resilience», Nature Reviews Neuroscience 10, no. 6 (2009): 446–457; Charles F. Gillespie et al., «Risk and Resilience: Genetic and Environmental Influences on Development of the Stress Response», Depression and Anxiety 26, no. 11 (2009): 984–992; Joan Kaufman et al., «Social Supports and Serotonin Transporter Gene Moderate Depression in Maltreated Children», Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 101, no. 49 (2004): 17316–17321.

544

Bruce Perry, The Boy Who Was Raised as a Dog (New York: Basic Books, 2006), 80.

545

Bonnie Carlson, «Sibling Incest: Adjustment in Adult Women Survivors», Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 92, no. 1(2011): 77–83.

546

James Rhodes, Instrumental: A Memoir of Madness, Medication, and Music (Edinburgh: Canongate, 2015), 76.

547

Sigmund Freud, «Analysis Terminable and Interminable», International Journal of Psycho-Analysis 18 (1937):373–405; quote on pp. 388–389.

548

Alan Moore, Watchmen (New York: DC Comics, 1987), 9.

549

Karen Horney, Our Inner Conflicts: A Constructive Theory of Neurosis (New York: Norton, 1992), 240.

550

Johnny Cash, quoted in Robert Hilburn, Johnny Cash: The Life (New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2013), 17.

551

Laurence Maslon and Michael Kantor, Superheroes!: Capes, Cowls, and the Creation of Comic Book Culture (New York: Crown Archetype, 2013), 142–146.

552

Laurence Maslon and Michael Kantor. Superheroes!: Capes, Cowls, and the Creation of Comic Book Culture (New York: Crown Archetype, 2013), 143.

553

Laurence Maslon and Michael Kantor, Superheroes!: Capes, Cowls, and the Creation of Comic Book Culture (New York: Crown Archetype, 2013),129–146; отметим также, что в истории комиксов Человеку-пауку предшествовал Невероятный Халк, который, в свою очередь, в определенной мере наследовал качества Франкенштейна и доктора Джекила и мистера Хайда.

554

Michael Spivey and Steven Knowlton, «Anti-Heroismin the Continuum of Good and Evil», in The Psychology of Super-heroes: An Unauthorized Exploration, eds. Robin S. Rosenberg and Jennifer Canzoneri (Dallas: Ben Bella Books, 2008), 51–64; Chuck Tate, «An Appetite for Destruction: Aggression and the Batman», in The Psychology of Superheroes: An Unauthorized Exploration, eds. Robin S. Rosenberg and Jennifer Canzoneri (Dallas: Ben Bella Books, 2008), 135–146.

555

Laurence Maslon and Michael Kantor, Superheroes!: Capes, Cowls, and the Creation of Comic Book Culture (New York: Crown Archetype, 2013), 137.

556

Laurence Maslon and Michael Kantor, Superheroes!: Capes, Cowls, and the Creation of Comic Book Culture (New York: Crown Archetype, 2013), 213.

557

Laurence Maslon and Michael Kantor, Superheroes!: Capes, Cowls, and the Creation of Comic Book Culture (New York: Crown Archetype, 2013), 291.

558

Laurence Maslon and Michael Kantor, Superheroes!: Capes, Cowls, and the Creation of Comic Book Culture (New York: Crown Archetype, 2013), 232.

559

Michael Spivey and Steven Knowlton, «Anti-Heroismin the Continuum of Good and Evil», in The Psychology of Superheroes: An Unauthorized Exploration, eds. Robin S. Rosenberg and Jennifer Canzoneri (Dallas: Ben Bella Books, 2008), 52.

560

Министерство здравоохранения и социального обеспечения США, Управление по делам детей, «Parental Drug Use as Child Abuse», Washington, DC, Child Welfare Information Gateway, 2016, по состоянию на 29 января 2017 года, https://www.childwelfare.gov/topics/systemwide/laws-policies/statutes/drugexposed.

561

Neil McKeganey, Marina Barnard, and James McIntosh, «Paying the Price for Their Parents’ Addiction: Meeting the Needs of the Children of Drug-Using Parents», Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy 9, no. 3 (2002): 233–246; Christine Walsh, Harriet L. MacMillan, and Ellen Jamieson, «The Relationship Between Parental Substance Abuse and Child Maltreatment: Findings from the Ontario Health Supplement», Child Abuse and Neglect 27, no. 12 (2003): 1409–1425.

562

Howard Dubowitz et al., «Identifying Children at High Risk for a Child Maltreatment Report», Child Abuse and Neglect 35, no. 2 (2011):96–104.

563

Marina Barnard and Neil McKeganey, «The Impact of Parental Problem Drug Use on Children: What Is the Problem and What Can Be Done to Help?» Addiction 99, no. 5 (2004): 552–559; Paula Kienberger Jaudes, Edem Ekwo, and John Van Voorhis, «Association of Drug Abuse and Child Abuse», Child Abuse and Neglect 19, no. 9 (1995): 1065–1075.

564

Ruth Gilbert et al., «Burden and Consequences of Child Maltreatment in High-Income Countries», Lancet 373, no. 9657(2009): 68–81.

565

Marina Barnard, «Between a Rock and a Hard Place: The Role of Relatives in Protecting Children from the Effects of Parental Drug Problems», Child and Family Social Work 8, no. 4 (2003): 291–299.

566

David Autor et al., «Family Disadvantage and the Gender Gap in Behavioral and Educational Outcomes», National Bureau of Economic Research, 2016, по состоянию на 25 января 2017 года, doi: 10.3386/w22267.

567

Michael Baker and Kevin Milligan, «Boy-Girl Differences in Parental Time Investments: Evidence from Three Countries (Working Paper No. 18893)», National Bureau of Economic Research, April 2013, по состоянию на 29 января, 2017, http://www.nber.org/papers/w18893.pdf.

568

Angela Lee Duckworth and Martin Seligman, «Self-Discipline Gives Girls the Edge: Gender in Self-Discipline, Grades, and Achievement Test Scores», Journal of Educational Psychology 98, no. 1 (2006): 198–208; Irwin W. Silverman, «Gender Differences in Delay of Gratification: A Meta-Analysis», Sex Roles 49 (2003): 451–463.

569

Raj Chetty and Nathan Hendren, «The Impacts of Neighborhoods on Intergenerational Mobility: Childhood Exposure Effects and County-Level Estimates», May 2015, по состоянию на 29 января 2017 года, http://www.nber.org/papers/w23001.

570

David Autor, «Skills, Education, and the Rise of Earnings Inequality Among the ‘Other 99 Percent’», Science 344, no. 6186 (2014): 843–851; David Autor and Melanie Wasserman, «Wayward Sons: The Emerging Gender Gap in Education and Labor Markets», Third Way, Washington, DC, 2013, http://economics.mit.edu/files/8754; Marianne Bertrand and Jessica Pan, «The Trouble with Boys: Social Influences and the Gender Gap in Disruptive Behavior», American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 5, no. 1 (2013): 32–64.

571

Обратите внимание на данные, полученные в результате долгосрочного исследования на Кауаи: хотя эти дети родились в семьях с серьезными проблемами, большинство из них стали компетентными и законопослушными гражданами; даже у 75 процентов мужчин и 90 процентов женщин из числа подростков, имевших судимость в несовершеннолетнем возрасте, во взрослой жизни таких проблем не наблюдалось; Emmy Werner, «Resilience and Recovery: Findings from the Kauai Longitudinal Study», Focal Point Research, Policy, and Practice in Children’s Mental Health 19, no. 1 (2005): 11–14; Emmy E. Werner and Ruth S. Smith, Overcoming the Odds: High Risk Children from Birth to Adulthood (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1992), 119.

572

Donald W. Winnicott, «Ego Distortion in Terms of True and False Self (1960)», in The Maturational Processes and the Facilitating Environment (London: Hogarth Press, 1965), 140–152.

573

Donald W. Winnicott, «Delinquency as a Sign of Hope: A Talk Given to the Borstal Assistant Governors’ Conference, King Alfred’s College, Winchester (April 1967)», in Home Is Where We Start From: Essays by a Psychoanalyst, eds. Clare Winnicott, Ray Shepherd, and Madeleine Davis (New York: Norton, 1990), 90–100; см. также Steven Tuber, Attachment, Play and Authenticity: A Winnicott Primer (Lanham, MD: Jason Aronson, 2008), 15; Donald W. Winnicott, «Some Aspects of Juvenile Delinquency», in The Child, the Family, and the Outside World (Cambridge, MA: Perseus, 1987), 229.

574

Joseph Biederman et al., «Patterns of Alcohol and Drug Use in Adolescents Can Be Predicted by Parental Substance Use Disorders», Pediatrics 106, no. 4 (2000): 792–797; Mary Jeanne Kreek et al., «Genetic Influences on Impulsivity, Risk Taking, Stress Responsivity and Vulnerability to Drug Abuse and Addiction», Nature Neuroscience 8, no. 11 (2005): 1450–1457; Suniya S. Luthar et al., «Multiple Jeopardy: Risk and Protective Factors Among Addicted Mothers’ Offspring», Developmentand Psychopathology 10, no. 1 (1998): 117–136; Matt McGue, Irene Elkins, and William G. Iacono, «Genetic and Environmental Influences on Adolescent Substance Use and Abuse», American Journal of Medical Genetics 96, no. 5 (2000): 671–677; Ming T. Tsuang et al., «The Harvard Twin Study of Substance Abuse: What We Have Learned», Harvard Review of Psychiatry 9, no. 6 (2001): 267–279; Myrna M. Weissman et al., «Risk/Protective Factors Among Addicted Mothers’ Offspring: A Replication Study», American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 25, no. 4 (1999): 661–679.

575

Robert F. Anda et al., «Adverse Childhood Experiences, Alcoholic Parents, and Later Risk of Alcoholism and Depression», Psychiatric Services 53, no. 8 (2002): 1001–1009; Robert F. Anda et al., «Adverse Childhood Experiences and Smoking During Adolescence and Adulthood», Journal of the American Medical Association 282, no. 17 (1999): 1652–1658; Robert F. Anda et al., «The Enduring Effects of Abuse and Related Adverse Experiences in Childhood», European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 256, no. 3 (2006): 174–186; Shanta R. Dube et al., «Adverse Childhood Experiences and the Association with Ever Using Alcohol and Initiating Alcohol Use During Adolescence», Journal of Adolescent Health 38, no. 4 (2006): 444.e1–444.e10; Shanta R. Dube et al., «Adverse Childhood Experiences and Personal Alcohol Abuse as an Adult», Addictive Behaviors 27, no. 5 (2002): 713–725; Brian M. Hicks et al., «Environmental Adversity and Increasing Genetic Risk for Externalizing Disorders», Archives of General Psychiatry 66, no. 6 (2009): 640–648; Susan D. Hillis et al., «Adverse Childhood Experiences and Sexual Risk Behaviors in Women: A Retrospective Cohort Study», Family Planning Perspectives 33, no. 5 (2001): 206–211; Ronald C. Kessler et al., «Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey», Archives of General Psychiatry 52, no. 12 (1995): 1048–1060; Elizabeth A. Schilling, Robert H. Aseltine, and Susan Gore, «Adverse Childhood Experiences and Mental Health in Young Adults: A Longitudinal Survey», BMC Public Health 7, no. 1 (2007): 30.

576

Corina Benjet, Guilherme Borges, and Marнa Elena Medina-Mora, «Chronic Childhood Adversity and Onset of Psychopathology During Three Life Stages: Childhood, Adolescence and Adulthood», Journal of Psychiatric Research 44, no. 11 (2010): 732–740; Rosana E. Norman et al., «The Long-Term Health Consequences of Child Physical Abuse, Emotional Abuse, and Neglect: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis», PLOS Medicine 9, no. 11(2012): e1001349; Emily F. Rothman et al., «Adverse Childhood Experiences Predict Earlier Age of Drinking Onset: Results from a Representative US Sample of Currentor Former Drinkers», Pediatrics 122, no. 2 (2008): e298–e304; Cathy Spatz Widom, «Childhood Victimization: Risk Factor for Delinquency», in Adolescent Stress: Causes and Consequences, eds. Mary Ellen Colten and Susan Gore (Hawthorne, NY: Aldine de Gruyter, 1991), 201–221.

577

Shanta R. Dube et al., «Childhood Abuse, Neglect, and Household Dysfunction and the Risk of Illicit Drug Use: The Adverse Childhood Experiences Study», Pediatrics 111, no. 3 (2003): 564–572.

578

J. Dee Higley et al., «Nonhuman Primate Model of Alcohol Abuse: Effects of Early Experience, Personality, and Stress on Alcohol Consumption», Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 88, no. 16 (1991): 7261–7265.

579

Shanta R. Dube et al., «Childhood Abuse, Neglect, and Household Dysfunction and the Risk of Illicit Drug Use: The Adverse Childhood Experiences Study», Pediatrics 111, no. 3(2003): 564–572.

580

См. обзор в Susan L. Andersen and Martin H. Teicher, «Desperately Driven and No Brakes: Developmental Stress Exposure and Subsequent Risk for Substance Abuse», Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 33, no. 4(2009): 516–524; Edward J. Khantzian, «The Self-Medication Hypothesis of SubstanceUse Disorders: A Reconsideration and Recent Applications», Harvard Review of Psychiatry 4, no. 5 (1997): 231–244; Edward J. Khantzian, Treating Addiction as a Human Process (Lanham, MD: Jason Aronson, 2007); Edward J. Khantzian, «Understanding Addictive Vulnerability: An Evolving Psychodynamic Perspective», Neuropsychoanalysis 5, no. 1(2003): 5–21.

581

582

Edward J. Khantzian, «Understanding Addictive Vulnerability: An Evolving Psychodynamic Perspective», Neuropsychoanalysis 5, no. 1 (2003): 5–21.

583

Robert F. Anda et al., «Depression and the Dynamics of Smoking. A National Perspective», Journal of the American Medical Association 264, no. 12 (1990): 1541–1545; Timothy P. Carmody, «Affect Regulation, Nicotine Addiction, and Smoking Cessation», Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 21, no. 3 (1989): 331–342; Vincent J. Felittiet al., «Relationship of Childhood Abuse and Household Dysfunction to Many of the Leading Causes of Death in Adults: The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study», American Journal of Preventive Medicine 14, no. 4 (1998): 245–258; Alexander H. Glassman et al., «Smoking, Smoking Cessation, and Major Depression», Journal of the American Medical Association 264, no. 12 (1990): 1546–1549; Ovide F. Pomerlau and Cynthia S. Pomerlau, «Neuroregulators and the Reinforcement of Smoking (Towards a Biobehavioral Explanation)», Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 8, no. 4 (1984): 503–513; Tara W. Strine et al., «Associations Between Adverse Childhood Experiences, Psychological Distress, and Adult Alcohol Problems», American Journal of Health Behavior 36, no. 3 (2012): 408–423.

584

James Rhodes, Instrumental: A Memoir of Madness, Medication, and Music (Edinburgh: Canongate, 2015), 44.

585

Dwight Yoakam, «It Won’t Hurt», Reprise Records, 1986, по состоянию на 25 января 2017 года, https://genius.com/Dwight-yoakam-it-wont-hurt-lyrics; см. также National Public Radio, «Dwight Yoakam Says New Album Was Inspired by Coal Mining and Mountain Music», Fresh Air, December 6, 2016, по состоянию на 25 января 2017 года, http://www.npr.org/2016/12/06/504543479/dwight-yoakam-says-new-album-was-inspired-by-coal-mining-and-mountain-music.

586

Jeff Hobbs, The Short and Tragic Life of Robert Peace: A Brilliant Young Man Who Left Newark for the Ivy League (New York: Scribner, 2014).

587

Henry Krystal and John H. Krystal, Integration and Self-Healing: Affect, Trauma, Alexithymia (Hillsdale, NJ: Analytic Press, 1988).

588

Henry Krystal, «Adolescence and the Tendencies to Develop Substance Dependence», Psychoanalytic Inquiry 2, no. 4 (1982): 581–617.

589

Herbert Wieder and Eugene Kaplan, «Drug Use in Adolescents: Psychodynamic Meaning and Pharmacogenic Effect», Psychoanalytic Study of the Child 24 (1969): 399–431.

590

Shanta R. Dube et al., «Childhood Abuse, Household Dysfunction, and the Risk of Attempted Suicide Throughout the Life Span: Findings from the Adverse Childhood Experiences Study», Journal of the American Medical Association 286, no. 24 (2001): 3089–3096.

591

«Definition of ‘Hero’— English Dictionary», Cambridge Academic Content Dictionary, Cambridge University Press, по состоянию на 25 января 2017 года, http://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/hero.

592

Daniel D. Challener, Stories of Resilience in Childhood: The Narratives of Maya Angelou, Maxine Hong Kingston, Richard Rodrigues, John Edgar Wideman, and Tobias Wolff (New York: Garland, 1997).

593

Daniel D. Challener, Stories of Resilience in Childhood: The Narratives of Maya Angelou, Maxine Hong Kingston, Richard Rodrigues, John Edgar Wideman, and Tobias Wolff (New York: Garland, 1997), 183.

594

595

Robert Hilburn, Johnny Cash: The Life (New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2013), 13.

596

Robert Hilburn, Johnny Cash: The Life (New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2013), 20.

597

Robert Hilburn, Johnny Cash: The Life (New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2013), 16.

598

Johnny Cash, Cash: The Autobiography of Johnny Cash (New York: HarperCollins, 1997), 141.

599

Johnny Cash, Cash: The Autobiography of Johnny Cash (New York: HarperCollins, 1997), 169.

600

Robert Hilburn, Johnny Cash: The Lif e (New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2013), 321.

601

См. Cash: The Autobiography of Johnny Cash (New York: HarperCollins, 1997), 170–171.

602

«Misleading Information from the Battlefield», слушание на Комитете по надзору за деятельностью государственных органов, Палата представителей, 110-й созыв, первая сессия, 24 апреля 2007 года, http://democrats.oversight.house.gov/sites/democrats.oversight.house.gov/files/documents/20071114152054.pdf, 23.

603

Viktor E. Frankl, Man’s Search for Meaning: An Introduction to Logotherapy (Boston: Beacon, 2006), 5–6.

604

Andy Warhol, quoted in Victor Bockris, Warhol: The Biography (Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press, 2003), 15.

605

Обзор перезагрузки как явления см. в Laurence Maslon and Michael Kantor, Superheroes!: Capes, Cowls, and the Creation of Comic Book Culture (New York: Crown Archetype, 2013), 270–271.

606

Исчерпывающую историю Чудо-женщины см. в Jill Lepore, The Secret History of Wonder Woman (New York: Vintage, 2015).

607

Подробный обзор перезагрузки Чудо-женщины в 1960-х и 1970-х годах см. в Jill Lepore, The Secret History of Wonder Woman (New York: Vintage, 2015).

608

Richard Ford, Canada (New York: Ecco, 2012), 285–289.

609

Lauren E. Glaze and Laura M. Maruschak, «Parentsin Prison and Their Minor Children: Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report», Министерство юстиции США, Управление программ правосудия, Вашингтон, август 2008, по состоянию на 26 января 2017 года, https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/pptmc.pdf.

610

Pew Charitable Trusts, «Collateral Costs: Incarceration’s Effect on Economic Mobility», Washington, DC, 2010, по состоянию на 26 января 2017 года, http://www.pewtrusts.org/~/media/legacy/uploadedfiles/pcs_assets/2010/collateralcosts1pdf.pdf.

611

612

Yiyoon Chung, «The Effects of Paternal Imprisonment on Children’s Economic Well-Being», Social Service Review 86, no. 3 (2012): 455–486; Kristin Turney, «Paternal Incarceration and Children’s Food Insecurity: A Consideration of Variation and Mechanisms», Social Service Review 89, no. 2 (2015): 335–367; Christopher Uggen and Suzy McElrath, «Parental Incarceration: What We Know and Where We Need to Go», Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 104, no. 3 (2014): 597–604.

613

Joseph Murray, David P. Farrington, and Ivana Sekol, «Children’s Antisocial Behavior, Mental Health, Drug Use, and Educational Performance After Parental Incarceration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis», Psychological Bulletin 138, no. 2 (2012): 175–210; Emily Bever Nichols and Ann Booker Loper, «Incarceration in the Household: Academic Outcomes of Adolescents with an Incarcerated Household Member», Journal of Youth and Adolescence 41, no. 11 (2012): 1455–1471; Jeremy Travis, Elizabeth McBride, and Amy Solomon, «Families Left Behind: The Hidden Costs of Incarceration and Reentry», Urban Institute, Washington, DC, 2006, по состоянию на 26 января, 2017, https://www.urban.org/research/publication/families-left-behind.

614

Kristin Turney, «Stress Proliferation Across Generations? Examining the Relationship Between Parental Incarceration and Childhood Health», Journal of Health and Social Behavior 55, no. 3 (2014): 302–319.

615

См. Sesame Workshop, «Little Children, Big Challenges: Incarceration», Sesame Street, 2013, по состоянию на 26 января 2017 года, http://www.sesameworkshop.org/incarceration; «Little Children, Big Challenges: Incarceration», Sesame Street, 2013, по состоянию на 26 января 2017 года, http://www.sesamestreet.org/toolkits/incarceration.

616

Roger Shaw, «Imprisoned Fathers and the Orphans of Justice», in Prisoners’ Children: What Are the Issues? (London: Routledge, 1992), 41–49.

617

Elizabeth I. Johnson and Beth A. Easterling, «Understanding Unique Effects of Parental Incarceration on Children: Challenges, Progress, and Recommendations», Journal of Marriage and Family 74, no. 2 (2012): 342–356; пример одной из ряда всеобъемлющих программ для детей, чьи родители отбывают тюремное заключение, см. http://www.cpnyc.org.

618

Daniel P. Mears and Sonja E. Siennick, «Young Adult Outcomes and the Life-Course Penalties of Parental Incarceration», Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 53, no. 1 (2016): 24.

619

Rosalyn D. Lee, Xiangming Fang, and Feijun Luo, «The Impact of Parental Incarceration on the Physical and Mental Healthof Young Adults», Pediatrics 131, no. 4 (2013): e1188–e1191; Daniel P. Mears and Sonja E. Siennick, «Young Adult Outcomes and the Life-Course Penalties of Parental Incarceration», Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 53, no. 1 (2016): 3–35; Joseph Murray, Rolf Loeber, and Dustin Pardini, «Parental Involvement in the Criminal Justice System and the Development of Youth Theft, Marijuana Use, Depression, and Poor Academic Performance», Criminology 50, no. 1 (2012): 255–302; Robert J. Sampson and John H. Laub, «A Life-Course View of the Development of Crime», Annals 602, no. 1 (2005): 12–45; SaraWakefield and Christopher Wildeman, Children of the Prison Boom: Mass Incarceration and the Future of American Inequality (New York: Oxford University Press, 2014); Christopher Wildeman, «Parental Imprisonment, the Prison Boom, and the Concentration of Childhood Disadvantage», Demography 46, no. 2 (2009): 265–280.

620

Richard Ford, Canada (New York: Ecco, 2012), 167.

621

Emmy Werner, «Resilience and Recovery: Findings from the Kauai Longitudinal Study», Focal Point Research, Policy, and Practice in Children’s Mental Health 19, no. 1 (2005): 11–14.

622

D. Wayne Osgood et al., «Introduction: Why Focus on the Transition to Adulthood for Vulnerable Populations», in On Your Own Without a Net: The Transition to Adulthood for Vulnerable Populations, eds. D. Wayne Osgood et al. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005), 1–26.

623

Robert J. Sampson and John H. Laub, «A Life-Course Theory of Cumulative Disadvantage and the Stability of Delinquency», in Developmental Theories of Crime and Delinquency: Advances in Criminological Theory, vol. 7, ed. Terence P. Thornberry (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1997), 133–161; Robert J.Sampson and John H. Laub, «A Life-Course View of the Development of Crime», Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 602 (2005): 12–45.

624

John E. Schulenberg, Arnold J. Sameroff, and Dante Cicchetti, «The Transition to Adulthood as a Critical Juncture in the Course of Psychopathology and Mental Health», Development and Psychopathology 16, no. 4 (2004): 799–806.

625

Ann S. Masten et al., «Resources and Resilience in the Transition to Adulthood: Continuity and Change», Development and Psychopathology 16, no. 4 (2004): 1071–1094; Michael Rutter, «Transitions and Turning Points in Developmental Psychopathology: As Applied to the Age Span Between Childhood and Mid-Adulthood», International Journal of Behavioral Development 19, no. 3 (1996): 603–626; John E. Schulenberg, Arnold J. Sameroff, and Dante Cicchetti, «The Transition to Adulthood as a Critical Juncture in the Course of Psychopathology and Mental Health», Development and Psychopathology 16, no. 4 (2004):799–806.

626

John A. Clausen, American Lives: Looking Back at the Children of the Great Depression (New York: Free Press, 1993); W. Andrew Collins, «More than Myth: The Developmental Significance of Romantic Relationships During Adolescence», Journal of Research on Adolescence 13, no. 1 (2003): 1–24; Glen H. Elder, «Military Times and Turning Points in Men’s Lives», Developmental Psychology 22, no. 2 (1986): 233–245;J. Kirk Felsman and George E. Vaillant, «Resilient Children as Adults: A 40-Year Study», in The Invulnerable Child, eds. Elwyn James Anthony and Bertram J. Cohler (New York: Guilford, 1987), 289–314; Frank F. Furstenberg Jr., Jeanne Brooks-Gunn, and S. Philip Morgan, Adolescent Mothers in Later Life (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1987); Susan Gore et al., «Life After High School: Development, Stress, and Well-Being», in Stress and Adversity Over the Life Course: Trajectories and Turning Points, eds. Ian H. Gotlib and Blair Wheaton (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997), 197–214; Alice M. Hines, Joan Merdinger, and Paige Wyatt, «Former Foster Youth Attending College: Resilience and the Transition to Young Adulthood», American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 75, no. 3 (2005): 381–394; Ann S. Masten et al., «Resources and Resilience in the Transition to Adulthood: Continuity and Change», Development and Psychopathology 16, no. 4 (2004): 1071–1094; Terrie E. Moffitt et al., «Males on the Life-Course-Persistent and Adolescence-Limited Antisocial Pathways: Follow-Up at Age 26 Years», Development and Psychopathology 14, no. 1 (2002): 179–207;Glenn I. Roisman, Benjamin Aguilar, and Byron Egeland, «Antisocial Behavior in the Transition to Adulthood: The Independent and Interactive Roles of Developmental History and Emerging Developmental Tasks», Development and Psychopathology 16, no. 4 (2004): 857–871; Robert J. Sampson and John H. Laub, «A Life-Course Theory of Cumulative Disadvantage and the Stability of Delinquency», in Developmental Theories of Crime and Delinquency: Advances in Criminological Theory, vol. 7, ed. Terence P. Thornberry (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1997), 133–161; Elizabeth A. Schilling, Robert H. Aseltine, and Susan Gore, «Young Women’s Social and Occupational Development and Mental Health in the Aftermath of Child Sexual Abuse», American Journal of Community Psychology 40, no. 1–2(2007): 109–124; George E. Vaillant, «The Study of Adult Development», in Looking at Lives: American Longitudinal Studies of the Twentieth Century, eds. Erin Phelps, Frank F. Furstenberg, and Anne Colby (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2002), 116–132; Emmy Werner, «Resilience and Recovery: Findings from the Kauai Longitudinal Study», Focal Point Research, Policy, and Practice in Children’s Mental Health 19, no. 1 (2005):11–14; Emmy E. Werner, «Resilience in Development», Current Directions in Psychological Science 4, no. 3 (1995): 81–85; Emmy E. Werner and Ruth S. Smith, Journeys from Childhood to Midlife: Risk, Resilience, and Recovery (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2001); Emmy E. Werner and Ruth S. Smith, Overcoming the Odds: High Risk Children from Birth to Adulthood (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1992); Emmy E. Werner and Ruth S. Smith, Vulnerable but Invincible: A Study of Resilient Children and Youth (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1982).

627

George Barris, Marilyn: Her Life in Her Own Words: Marilyn Monroe’s Revealing Last Words and Photographs (New York: Citadel, 1995), 42.

628

John R. Blosnich et al., «Disparities in Adverse Childhood Experiences Among Individuals with a History of Military Service», JAMA Psychiatry 71, no. 9 (2014): 1041–1048; Jodie G. Katon et al., «Adverse Childhood Experiences, Military Service, and Adult Health», American Journal of Preventive Medicine 49, no. 4(2015): 573–582.

629

Raffael Kalisch et al., «Context-Dependent Human Extinction Memory Is Mediated by a Ventromedial Prefrontal and Hippocampal Network», Journal of Neuroscience 26, no. 37(2006): 9503–9511; Mohammed R. Milad et al., «Thickness of Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex in Humans Is Correlated with Extinction Memory», Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 102, no. 30 (2005): 10706–10711; Scott L. Rauch, Lisa M. Shin, and Elizabeth A. Phelps, «Neurocircuitry Models of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Extinction: Human Neuroimaging Research — Past, Present, and Future», Biological Psychiatry 60, no. 4 (2006): 376–382.

630

Roee Admon et al., «Stress-Induced Reduction in Hippocampal Volume and Connectivity with the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Are Related to Maladaptive Responses to Stressful Military Service», Human Brain Mapping 34, no. 11 (2013): 2808–2816; Karestan C. Koenen et al., «Measures of Prefrontal System Dysfunction in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder», Brain and Cognition 45, no. 1 (2001): 64–78; Bruce S. McEwen, «Stress and Hippocampal Plasticity», Annual Review of Neuroscience 22 (1999): 105–122; Fu Lye Woon, Shabnam Sood, and Dawson W. Hedges, «Hippocampal Volume Deficits Associated with Exposure to Psychological Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Adults: A Meta-Analysis», Progress in Neuropsychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 34, no. 7 (2010): 1181–1188.

631

Mark E. Bouton, «Context, Ambiguity, and Unlearning: Sources of Relapse After Behavioral Extinction», Biological Psychiatry 52, no. 10 (2002): 976–986; Susan Engel, Context Is Everything: The Nature of Memory (New York: W. H. Freeman, 1999); Joseph E. LeDoux, The Emotional Brain: The Mysterious Underpinnings of Emotional Life (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1996), 250; Mohammed R. Milad et al., «Context Modulation of Memory for Fear Extinction in Humans», Psychophysiology 42, no. 4 (2005): 456–464; Steven M. Smith, «Remembering In and Out of Context», Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory 5, no. 5 (1979):460–471; Debora Vansteenwegen et al., «Return of Fear in Human Differential ConditioningParadigm Caused by a Return to the Original Acquisition Context», Behavior Research and Therapy 43, no. 3 (2005): 323–336.

632

Duncan R. Godden and Alan D. Baddeley, «Context-Dependent Memory in Two Natural Environments: On Land and Underwater», British Journal of Psychology 66, no. 3 (1975): 325–331.

633

Joseph E. LeDoux, The Emotional Brain: The Mysterious Underpinnings of Emotional Life (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1996), 145.

634

Joseph E. LeDoux, The Emotional Brain: The Mysterious Underpinnings of Emotional Life (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1996), 251; Mohammed R. Milad et al., «Context Modulation of Memory for Fear Extinction in Humans», Psychophysiology 42, no. 4 (2005): 456–464.

635

Laurence Gonzales, Surviving Survival: The Art and Science of Resilience (New York: Norton, 2012), 149–152.

636

Paula McLain, Like Family: Growing Up in Other People’s Houses, A Memoir (New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2009).

637

От англ. Erik — имя Эрик, и son — сын. Прим. пер.

638

Erik H. Erikson, Identity: Youth and Crisis (New York: Norton, 1994).

639

Marilyn Monroe and Ben Hecht, My Story (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2006), 65.

640

Эта история Энди Уорхола взята из: Victor Bokris, Warhol: The Biography (Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press, 2003).

641

Эта история Энди Уорхола взята из: Victor Bokris, Warhol: The Biography (Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press, 2003), р. 52.

642

Эта история Энди Уорхола взята из: Victor Bokris, Warhol: The Biography (Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press, 2003), р. 52.

643

Эта история Энди Уорхола взята из: Victor Bokris, Warhol: The Biography (Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press, 2003), р. 50.

644

Эта история Энди Уорхола взята из: Victor Bokris, Warhol: The Biography (Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press, 2003), р.543.

645

Andy Warhol. Campbell’s Soup Cans. 1962, Музей современного искусства, Нью-Йорк, по состоянию на 26 февраля 2017 года, https://www.moma.org/learn/moma_learning/andy-warhol-campbells-soup-cans-1962.

646

Alex Scarrow, Time Riders: The Pirate Kings (New York: Penguin, 2013).

647

Jaycee Dugard, Freedom: My Book of Firsts (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2016).

648

Читательский отзыв, Amazon.com, по состоянию на 26 января 2015 года, https://www.amazon.com/Freedom-Book-Firsts-Jaycee-Dugard/dp/1501147625.

649

Nella Larsen, Passing (New York: Penguin, 1997), 26.

650

David Mamet, Some Freaks (New York: Viking, 1989).

651

David Mamet, Some Freaks (New York: Viking, 1989), pp. 175–180.

652

David Mamet, Some Freaks (New York: Viking, 1989), p. 179.

653

David Mamet, Some Freaks (New York: Viking, 1989), p. 178.

654

David Mamet, Some Freaks (New York: Viking, 1989), p. 180.

655

David Mamet, Some Freaks (New York: Viking, 1989), p. 178.

656

Allyson Hobbs, A Chosen Exile: A History of Racial Passing in American Life (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2014).

657

Erving Goffman, Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2009).

658

Erving Goffman, Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2009), p. 74.

659

Arlene Stein, «As Far as They Knew I Came from France: Stigma, Passing, and Not Speaking About the Holocaust», Symbolic Interaction 32, no. 1 (2009): 44–60.

660

Arlene Stein, «As Far as They Knew I Came from France: Stigma, Passing, and Not Speaking About the Holocaust», Symbolic Interaction 32, no. 1 (2009): 44–60.

661

Arlene Stein, «As Far as They Knew I Came from France: Stigma, Passing, and Not Speaking About the Holocaust», Symbolic Interaction 32, no. 1 (2009): 44–60.

662

Arlene Stein, «As Far as They Knew I Came from France: Stigma, Passing, and Not Speaking About the Holocaust», Symbolic Interaction 32, no. 1 (2009), p. 45.

663

Ruth Kluger, Still Alive: A Holocaust Girlhood Remembered (New York: Feminist Press at CUNY, 2003), 176.

664

Eva Hoffman, After Such Knowledge: Memory, History, and the Legacy of the Holocaust (New York: Public Affairs, 2004), 46.

665

Kimberlyn Leary, «Passing, Posing, and ‘Keeping it Real,’» in Relational Psychoanalysis. Vol. 4, Expansion of Theory, eds. Lewis Aron and Adrienne Harris (New York: Routledge, 2010), 32.

666

Allyson Hobbs, A Chosen Exile: A History of Racial Passing in American Life (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2014), 135.

667

David Carr, The Night of the Gun: A Reporter Investigates the Darkest Story of His Life, His Own (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2008), 382.

668

Nella Larsen, Passing (New York: Dover, 2004), 48.

669

Judith A. Clair, Joy E. Beatty, and Tammy L. MacLean, «Out of Sight but Not Out of Mind: Managing Invisible Social Identities in the Workplace», Academy of Management Review 30, no. 1 (2005):78–95; Laura Smart and Daniel M. Wegner, «The Hidden Costs of Hidden Stigma», in The Social Psychology of Stigma, eds. Todd Heatherton et al. (New York: Guilford, 2000), 220–242.

670

Julie D. Lane and Daniel M. Wegner, «The Cognitive Consequences of Secrecy», Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 69, no. 2 (1995): 237–253.

671

Erving Goffman, Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2009), 88.

672

Erving Goffman, Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2009), p. 42.

673

John E. Pachankis, «The Psychological Implications of Concealing a Stigma: A Cognitive-Affective-Behavioral Model», Psychological Bulletin 133, no. 2 (2007): 328–345.

674

Rich DeJordy, «Just Passing Through: Stigma, Passing, and Identity Decoupling in the Work Place», Group and Organization Management 33, no. 5 (2008): 504–531; Belle Rose Ragins, «Disclosure Disconnects: Antecedents and Consequences of Disclosing Invisible Stigmas Across Life Domains», Academy of Management Review 33, no. 1 (2008): 194–215.

675

Carl Jung, Modern Man in Search of a Soul (New York: Harvest Books, 1955), 33.

676

Michael J. Fishbein and James D. Laird, «Concealment and Disclosure: Some Effects of Information Control on the Person Who Controls», Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 15, no. 2 (1979): 114–121.

677

Erving Goffman, Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2009), 42.

678

Carl Jung, Memories, Dreams, Reflections (New York: Vintage, 1989), 42.

679

Allyson Hobbs, A Chosen Exile: A History of Racial Passing in American Life (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2014); John E. Pachankis, «The Psychological Implications of Concealing a Stigma: A Cognitive-Affective-Behavioral Model», Psychological Bulletin 133, no. 2(2007): 328–345; Arlene Stein, «As Far as They Knew I Came from France: Stigma, Passing, and Not Speaking About the Holocaust», Symbolic Interaction 32, no. 1 (2009):44–60.

680

Nella Larsen, Passing (New York: Dover, 2004), 52.

681

Joseph Stokes, «The Relation of Loneliness and Self-Disclosure», in Self-Disclosure: Theory, Research, and Therapy, eds. Valerian Derlega and John Berg (New York: Springer Science and Business Media, 1987),175–201.

682

David Mamet, «Kryptonite: A Psychological Appreciation», in Some Freaks (New York: Penguin Books, 1989), 178.

683

Charles Blow, Fire Shut Up in My Bones: A Memoir (New York: First Mariner, 2015), 94.

684

Barack Obama, Dreams from My Father: A Story of Race and Inheritance (New York: Three Rivers, 2004), 4.

685

Louise C. Hawkley and John T. Cacioppo, «Loneliness Matters: A Theoretical and Empirical Review of Consequences and Mechanisms», Annals of Behavioral Medicine 40, no. 2 (2010):218–227.

686

Avshalom Caspi et al., «Socially Isolated Children 20 Years Later: Risk of Cardiovascular Disease», Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine 160, no. 8 (2006): 805–811.

687

Louise C. Hawkley et al., «Loneliness Is a Unique Predictor of Age-Related Differences in Systolic Blood Pressure», Psychology and Aging 21, no. 1 (2006): 152–164.

688

Emma Adam et al., «Day-to-Day Dynamics of Experience-Cortisol Associations in a Population-Based Sample of Older Adults», Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103, no. 45 (2006): 17058–17063.

689

Liesl Heinrich and Eleonora Gullone, «The Clinical Significance of Loneliness: A Literature Review», Clinical Psychology Review 26, no. 6 (2006): 695–718.

690

John Cacioppo, Louise Hawkley, and Gary Berntson, «The Anatomy of Loneliness», Current Directions in Psychological Science 12, no. 3(2003): 71–74.

691

Beverly H. Brummett et al., «Characteristics of Socially Isolated Patients with Coronary Artery Disease Who Are at Elevated Risk for Mortality», Psychosomatic Medicine 63, no. 2 (2001):267–272; James S. House, Karl R. Landis, and Debra Umberson, «Social Relationships and Health», Science 241, no. 4865 (1988): 540–545.

692

Erika Friedmann et al., «Relationship of Depression, Anxiety, and Social Isolation to Chronic Heart Failure Outpatient Mortality», American Heart Journal 152, no. 5 (2006): 940.e1–940.e8; Julianne Holt-Lunstad, Timothy B. Smith, and J. Bradley Layton, «Social Relationships and Mortality Risk: A Meta-Analytic Review», PLOS Medicine 7, no. 7 (2010):e1000316; James S. House, Karl R. Landis, and Debra Umberson, «Social Relationships and Health», Science 241, no. 4865 (1988): 540–545.

693

Цит. по Louis Cozolino, The Neuroscience of Human Relationships: Attachment and the Developing Social Brain (New York: Norton, 2014), 398.

694

Sheldon Cohen, «Social Relationships and Health», American Psychologist 59, no. 8 (2004): 676–684; LouiseC. Hawkley and John T. Cacioppo, «Loneliness Matters: A Theoretical and Empirical Review of Consequences and Mechanisms», Annals of Behavioral Medicine 40, no. 2(2010): 218–227; Robert S. Weiss, Loneliness: The Experience of Emotional and Social Isolation (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1973).

695

Oprah Winfrey, What I Know for Sure (New York: Flatiron Books, 2014), 32.

696

Oprah Winfrey, What I Know for Sure (New York: Flatiron Books, 2014), p. 36.

697

Ross Macdonald, цит. по Albin Krebs, «Ross Macdonald, Novelist, Dies at 67», New York Times, July 13, 1983, по состоянию на 27 февраля 2017 года, http://www.nytimes.com/1983/07/13/obituaries/ross-macdonald-novelist-dies-at-67.html.

698

P. D. James, цит. в интервью, Face Magazine 80, December 1986.

699

Natasha E. Latzmanet al., «Sexual Offending in Adolescence: A Comparison of Sibling Offenders and Nonsibling Offenders Across Domains of Risk and Treatment Need», Journal of Child Sexual Abuse 20, no. 3 (2011): 245–263.

700

John V. Caffaro and Allison Conn-Caffaro, «Treating Sibling Abuse Families», Aggression and Violent Behavior 10, no. 5(2005): 604–623; Jessie L. Krienert and Jeffrey A. Walsh, «Sibling Sexual Abuse: An Empirical Analysis of Offender, Victim, and Event Characteristics in National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) Data, 2000–2007», Journal of Child Sexual Abuse 20, no. 4 (2011): 353–372.

701

Mireille Cyr et al., «Intrafamilial Sexual Abuse: Brother-Sister Incest Does Not Differ from Father-Daughter and Stepfather-Stepdaughter Incest», Child Abuse and Neglect 26, no. 9 (2002): 957–973; Mary Jo McVeigh, «‘But She Didn’t Say No’: An Exploration of Sibling Sexual Abuse,” Australian Social Work 56, no. 2 (2003): 116–126; Inga Tidefors et al., «Sibling Incest: A Literature Review and A Clinical Study», Journal of Sexual Aggression 16, no. 3 (2010): 347–360.

702

Margaret W. Ballantine, «Sibling Incest Dynamics: Therapeutic Themes and Clinical Challenges», Clinical Social Work Journal 40, no. 1 (2012): 56–65; Bronwyn Watson and W. Kim Halford, «Classes of Childhood Sexual Abuse and Women’s Adult Couple Relationships», Violence and Victims 25, no. 4 (2010): 518–535.

703

Mark S. Kiselica and Mandy Morrill Richards, «Sibling Maltreatment: The Forgotten Abuse», Journal of Counseling and Development 85, no. 2 (2007): 148–160; Kacie M. Thompson, «Sibling Incest: A Model for Group Practice with Adult Female Victims of Brother — Sister Incest», Journal of Family Violence 24, no. 7 (2009): 531–537.

704

Bonnie Carlson, «Sibling Incest: Adjustment in Adult Women Survivors», Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 92, no. 1 (2011): 77–83.

705

Bonnie Carlson, «Sibling Incest: Adjustment in Adult Women Survivors», Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 92, no. 1 (2011), pp. 77–83.

706

John V. Caffaro and Allison Conn-Caffaro, «Treating Sibling Abuse Families», Aggression and Violent Behavior 10, no. 5 (2005): 604–623.

707

Bonnie E. Carlson, Katherine Maciol, and Joanne Schneider, «Sibling Incest: Reports from Forty-One Survivors», Journal of Child Sexual Abuse 15, no. 4 (2006): 19–34.

708

Inga Tidefors et al., «Sibling Incest: A Literature Review and a Clinical Study», Journal of Sexual Aggression 16, no. 3 (2010): 347–360.

709

Margaret Rowntree, «Responses to Sibling Sexual Abuse: Are They as Harmful as the Abuse?», Australian Social Work 60, no. 3 (2007): 347–361.

710

Kathleen Monahan, «Themes of Adult Sibling Sexual Abuse Survivors in Later Life: An Initial Exploration», Clinical Social Work Journal 38, no. 4 (2010): 361–369.

711

Ramona Alaggia, «Disclosing the Trauma of Child Sexual Abuse: A Gender Analysis», Journal of Loss and Trauma 10, no. 5 (2005): 453–470; Steven Kogan, «Disclosing Unwanted Sexual Experiences: Results from a National Sample of Adolescent Women», Child Abuse and Neglect 28, no. 2 (2004): 147–165; Daniel W. Smith et al., «Delay in Disclosure of Childhood Rape: Results from a National Survey», Child Abuse and Neglect 24, no. 2 (2000):273–287.

712

См. обзор в James W. Pennebaker, Opening Up: The Healing Power of Expressing Emotions (New York: Guilford, 1997).

713

James W. Pennebaker and Joan R. Susman, «Disclosure of Traumas and Psychosomatic Processes», Social Science and Medicine 26, no. 3(1988): 327–332.

714

James W. Pennebaker, «Traumatic Experience and Psychosomatic Disease: Exploring the Roles of Behavioural Inhibition, Obsession, and Confiding», Canadian Psychology 26, no. 2 (1985): 82.

715

Джеймс Пеннебейкер стал известен своей работой не с теми, кто говорил о самых трудных моментах жизни, а с теми, кто писал об этих моментах; резюме см. в James W. Pennebaker, Opening Up: The Healing Power of Expressing Emotions (NewYork: Guilford, 1997); James W. Pennebaker, «Putting Stress into Words: Health, Linguistic, and Therapeutic Implications», Behaviour Research and Therapy 31, no. 6 (1993):539–548; James W. Pennebaker, «Writing About Emotional Experiences as a Therapeutic Process», Psychological Science 8, no. 3 (1997): 162–166; James W. Pennebaker and Janel D. Seagal, «Forming a Story: The Health Benefits of Narrative», Journal of Clinical Psychology 55, no. 10 (1999): 1243–1254.

716

James W. Pennebaker, Steven D. Barger, and John Tiebout, «Disclosure of Traumas and Health Among Holocaust Survivors», Psychosomatic Medicine 51, no. 5 (1989): 577–589.

717

Laura E. Finkelstein and Becca R. Levy, «Disclosure of Holocaust Experiences: Reasons, Attributions, and Health Implications», Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 25, no. 1 (2006):117–140.

718

Об исповеди см. в Chloe Taylor, The Culture of Confession from Augustine to Foucault: A Genealogy of the ‘Confessing Animal’ (New York: Routledge, 2009).

719

Josef Breuer and Sigmund Freud, Studies in Hysteria (New York: Basic, 2000), 30.

720

Stanley B. Messer and Bruce E. Wampold, «Let’s Face Facts: Common Factors Are More Potent than Specific Therapy Ingredients», Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice 9, no. 1 (2002): 21–25; Bruce E. Wampold, «Absolute Efficacy: The Benefits of Psychotherapy Established by Meta-Analysis», in The Great Psychotherapy Debate: Models, Methods, and Findings, vol. 9 (New York: Routledge, 2013), 58–71; Bruce E. Wampold, «Relative Efficacy: The Dodo Bird Was Smarter than We Have Been Led to Believe», in The Great Psychotherapy Debate: Models, Methods, and Findings, vol. 9 (New York: Routledge, 2013), 72–118; Bruce E. Wampold et al., «A Meta-Analysisof Outcome Studies Comparing Bona Fide Psychotherapies: Empiricially, ‘All Must Have Prizes», Psychological Bulletin 122, no. 3 (1997):203–215.

721

Joanne Frattaroli, «Experimental Disclosure and Its Moderators: A Meta-Analysis», Psychological Bulletin 132, no. 6 (2006): 823–865.

722

Joanne Frattaroli, «Experimental Disclosure and Its Moderators: A Meta-Analysis», Psychological Bulletin 132, no. 6 (2006), pp. 823–865; теории относительно того, почему писать полезно, представлены также в Laura A. King, «Gain Without Pain? Expressive Writing and Self-Regulation», in The Writing Cure: How Expressive Writing Promotes Health and Emotional Well-Being, eds. Stephen J. Lepore and Joshua M. Smyth(Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 2002), 119–134; Denise M. Sloan and Brian P. Marx, «Taking Pen to Hand: Evaluating Theories Underlying the Written Disclosure Paradigm», Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice 11, no. 2 (2004):121–137; Joshua M. Smyth and James W. Pennebaker, «Exploring the Boundary Conditions of Expressive Writing: In Search of the Right Recipe», British Journal of Health Psychology 13, no. 1 (2008): 1–7.

723

Anita E. Kelly et al., «What Is It About Revealing Secrets That Is Beneficial?», Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 27, no. 6 (2001): 651–665; James W. Pennebaker, «Putting Stress into Words: Health, Linguistic, and Therapeutic Implications», Behaviour Research and Therapy 31, no. 6 (1993): 539–548.

724

Ahmad R. Hariri, Susan Y. Bookheimer, and John C. Mazziotta, «Modulating Emotional Responses: Effects of a Neocortical Network on the Limbic System», Neuroreport 11, no. 1 (2000): 43–48.

725

Ahmad R. Hariri et al., «Neocortical Modulation of the Amygdala Response to Fearful Stimuli», Biological Psychiatry 53, no. 6 (2003): 494–501; см. также Stephan F. Taylor et al., «Subjective Rating of Emotionally Salient Stimuli Modulates Neural Activity», Neuroimage 18, no. 3 (2003): 650–659.

726

Louis Cozolino, The Neuroscience of Psychotherapy: Building and Rebuilding the Human Brain (New York: Norton, 2010), 155.

727

Ruth Kluger and Lore Segal, Still Alive: A Holocaust Girl Remembered (New York: Feminist Press, 2003), 180.

728

Издана на русском языке: Эрно А. Обыкновенная страсть. Стыд. Изд-во «Кстати», 1998.

729

Annie Ernaux, Shame (Paris: Gallimard, 1997), 16–17, цит. по Chloe Taylor, The Culture of Confession from Augustine to Foucault: A Genealogy of the‘ Confessing Animal’ (New York: Routledge, 2009), 111.

730

Crystal L. Park, «Making Sense of the Meaning Literature: An Integrative Review of Meaning Making and Its Effects on Adjustment to Stressful Life Events», Psychological Bulletin 136, no. 2(2010): 257–301; Laura Jacobsen Wrenn, «Trauma: Conscious and Unconscious Meaning», Clinical Social Work Journal 31, no. 2 (2003): 123–137.

731

Deborrah Frable, Linda Platt, and Steve Hoey, «Concealable Stigmas and Positive Self-Perceptions: Feeling Better Around Similar Others», Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 74, no. 4 (1998): 909–922.

732

Sheldon Cohen, «Social Relationships and Health», American Psychologist 59, no. 8 (2004): 676–684; Bert N. Uchino, «Social Support and Health: A Review of Physiological Processes Potentially Underlying Links to Disease Outcomes», Journal of Behavioral Medicine 29, no. 4 (2006): 377–387; Debra Umberson and Jennifer Karas Montez, «Social Relationships and Health: A Flashpoint for Health Policy», Journal of Health and Social Behavior 51, no. 1 (2010): S54–S66.

733

Ed Diener and Martin E. P. Seligman, «Very Happy People», Psychological Science 13, no. 1 (2002): 81–84.

734

Paula S. Nurius, Patricia Logan-Greene, and Sara Green, «ACEs Within a Social Disadvantage Framework: Distinguishing Unique, Cumulative, and Moderated Contributions to Adult Mental Health», Journal of Prevention and Intervention in the Community 40, no. 4 (2012): 278–290.

735

Chris R. Brewin, Bernice Andrews, and John D. Valentine, «Meta-Analysis of Risk Factors for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Trauma-Exposed Adults», Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 68, no. 5 (2000): 748–766; Lori Davis and Lawrence J. Siegel, «Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Children and Adolescents: A Review and Analysis», Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review 3, no. 3 (2000): 135–154; Emily J. Ozeret al., «Predictors of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Symptoms in Adults: A Meta-Analysis», Psychological Bulletin 129 (2003): 52–73; Daniel S. Pine and Judith A. Cohen, «Trauma in Children and Adolescents: Risk and Treatment of Psychiatric Sequelae», Biological Psychiatry 51 (2002): 519–531; David Trickey et al., «A Meta-Analysis of Risk Factors for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Children and Adolescents», Clinical Psychology Review 32, no. 2 (2012): 122–138; Ana-Maria Vranceanu, Stevan E. Hobfoll, and Robert J. Johnson, «Child Multi-Type Maltreatment and Associated Depression and PTSD Symptoms: The Role of Social Support and Stress», Child Abuse and Neglect 31, no. 1 (2007): 71–84.

736

Kim M. Anderson and Catherine Hiersteiner, «Recovering from Childhood Sexual Abuse: Is a ‘Storybook Ending’ Possible?», American Journal of Family Therapy 36, no. 5 (2008):413–424.

737

Anita E. Kelly and Kevin J. McKillop, «Consequences of Revealing Personal Secrets», Psychological Bulletin 120, no. 3 (1996): 450–465.

738

Kim M. Anderson and Catherine Hiersteiner, «Recovering from Childhood Sexual Abuse: Is a ‘Storybook Ending’ Possible?», American Journal of Family Therapy 36, no. 5 (2008):413–424; Carolyn Knight, «Groups for Individuals with Traumatic Histories: Practice Considerations for Social Workers», Social Work 51, no. 1 (2006): 20–30; см. также Janel D. Seagal and James W. Pennebaker, «Expressive Writing and Social Stigma: Benefits from Writing About Being a Group Member» (unpublished manuscript, University of Texas-Austin, 1997), описано в James W. Pennebaker and Janel D. Seagal, «Forminga Story: The Health Benefits of Narrative», Journal of Clinical Psychology 55, no. 10 (1999):1243–1254.

739

Emmy E. Werner and Ruth S. Smith, Overcoming the Odds: High Risk Children from Birth to Adulthood (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1992), 195.

740

Noemн Pereda et al., «The Prevalence of Child Sexual Abuse in Community and Student Samples: A Meta-Analysis», Clinical Psychology Review 29, no. 4 (2009): 328–338.

741

Stephenie R. Chaudoir and Jeffrey D. Fisher, «The Disclosure Processes Model: Understanding Disclosure Decision Making and Postdisclosure Outcomes Among People Living with a Concealable Stigmatized Identity», Psychological Bulletin 136, no. 2 (2010): 236–256; Anita E. Kelly and Kevin J. McKillop, «Consequences of Revealing Personal Secrets», Psychological Bulletin 120, no. 3 (1996):450–465; Julia Omarzu, «A Disclosure Decision Model: Determining How and When Individuals Will Self-Disclose», Personality and Social Psychology Review 4, no. 2 (2000):174–185.

742

Kent D. Harber and James W. Pennebaker, «Overcoming Traumatic Memories», in The Handbook of Emotion and Memory, ed. Sven-Ake Christiansen(Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1992), 359–387; см. также Dan Coates and Tina Winston, «Dilemma of Distress Disclosure», in Self-Disclosure: Theory, Research, and Therapy, eds. Valerian J. Derlega and John H. Berg (New York: Springer Science Business Media, 1987), 229–255.

743

Matthew D. Jeffreys et al., «Trauma Disclosure to Health Care Professionals by Veterans: Clinical Implications», Military Medicine 175, no. 10 (2010): 719–724; Ruth Q. Leibowitz et al., «Veterans’ Disclosure of Trauma to Healthcare Providers», General Hospital Psychiatry 30, no. 2 (2008):100–103; Norman Solkoff, Philip Gray, and Stuart Keill, «Which Vietnam Veterans Develop Posttraumatic Stress Disorders?», Journal of Clinical Psychology 42, no. 5 (1986):687–698.

744

Valerian J. Derlega et al., «Reasons for HIV Disclosure/Nondisclosure in Close Relationships: Testing a Model of HIV — Disclosure Decision Making», Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 23, no. 6(2004): 747–767; Philip M. Ulrich, Susan K. Lutgendorf, and Jack T. Stapleton, «Concealment of Homosexual Identity, Social Support, and CD4 Cell Count Among HIV-Seropositive Gay Men», Journal of Psychosomatic Research 54, no. 3 (2003): 205–212.

745

Brenda Major et al., «Mixed Messages: Implications of Social Conflict and Social Support Within Close Relationships for Adjustment to a Stressful Life Event», Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 72, no. 6 (1997): 1349–1363.

746

Mariana V. Martins et al., «Interactive Effects of Social Support and Disclosure on Fertility-Related Stress», Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 30, no. 4 (2013): 371–388.

747

Kristin P. Beals, Letitia Anne Peplau, and Shelly L. Gable, «Stigma Management and Well-Being: The Role of Perceived Social Support, Emotional Processing, and Suppression», Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 35, no. 7 (2009): 867–879.

748

Elisa E. Bolton et al., «The Relationship Between Self-Disclosure and Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Peacekeepers Deployed to Somalia», Journal of Traumatic Stress 16, no. 3 (2003): 203–210.

749

Bernice Andrews, Chris R. Brewin, and Suzanna Rose, «Gender, Social Support, and PTSD in Victims of Violent Crime», Journal of Traumatic Stress 16, no. 4 (2003): 421–427; Rebecca Campbell et al., «Social Reactions to Rape Victims: Healing and Hurtful Effects on Psychological and Physical Health Outcomes», Violence and Victims 16, no. 3 (2001): 287–302; Myriam S. Denov, «To a Safer Place? Victims of Sexual Abuse by Females and Their Disclosures to Professionals», Child Abuse and Neglect 27, no. 1 (2003): 47–61; Sarah E. Ullman et al., «Psychosocial Correlates of PTSD Symptom Severity in Sexual Assault Survivors», Journal of Traumatic Stress 20, no. 5 (2007): 821–831.

750

Katelyn Y.A. McKenna and John A. Bargh, «Coming Out in the Age of the Internet: Identity ‘Demarginalization’ Through Virtual Group Participation», Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 75, no. 3 (1998): 681–694.

751

Courtney E. Ahrens, «Being Silenced: The Impact of Negative Social Reactions on the Disclosure of Rape», American Journal of Community Psychology 38, no. 3–4(2006): 263–274; Courtney E. Ahrens et al., «Deciding Whom to Tell: Expectations and Outcomes of Rape Survivors’ First Disclosures», Psychology of Women Quarterly 31, no. 1 (2007): 38–49; Stephenie R. Chaudoir andDiane M. Quinn, «Revealing Concealable Stigmatized Identities: The Impact of Disclosure Motivations and Positive First-Disclosure Experiences on Fear of Disclosure and Well-Being», Journal of Social Issues 66, no. 3 (2010): 570–584.

752

John Steinbeck, The Winter of Our Discontent (New York: Penguin, 2001), 70.

753

Chloe Taylor, The Culture of Confession from Augustine to Foucault: A Genealogy of the ‘Confessing Animal’ (New York: Routledge, 2009).

754

Leigh Gilmore, The Limits of Autobiography: Trauma and Testimony (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2001).

755

Цит. по Chloe Taylor, The Culture of Confession from Augustine to Foucault: A Genealogy of the ‘Confessing Animal’ (New York: Routledge, 2009), 174–187; см. также Jean-Paul Sartre, Being and Nothingness (New York: Gallimard, 1984), 107–109.

756

Judith Butler, On Giving an Account of Oneself (New York: Fordham University Press, 2005).

757

Leigh Gilmore, The Limits of Autobiography: Trauma and Testimony (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2001), 144.

758

Цит. по Lorraine A. Dar Conte, ed., Pride Matters: Quotes to Inspire Your Personal Best (Kansas City, MO: Andrews McMeel Publishing, 2001), 176.

759

David Wong, This Book Is Full of Spiders: Seriously, Dude, Don’t Touch It (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2012), 52.

760

Ramona Alaggia, «Many Ways of Telling: Expanding Conceptualizations of Child Sexual Abuse Disclosure», Child Abuse and Neglect 28, no. 11 (2004): 1213–1227.

761

Dorothy Miell and Steve Duck, «Strategies in Developing Friendships», in Friendship and Social Interaction, eds. Valerian J. Derlega and Barbara A. Winstead (New York: Springer-Verlag, 1986), 129–143.

762

Amy Robinson, «It Takes One to Know One: Passing and Communities of Common Interest», Critical Inquiry 20, no. 4 (1994): 715–736.

763

Kai Erikson, «Notes on Trauma and Community», in Trauma: Explorations in Memory, ed. C. Caruth (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995), 183–199.

764

Albert Einstein, цит. по Robert I. Fitzhenry, ed., The Harper Book of Quotations, 3rd ed. (New York: Collins Reference, 1993), 356.

765

Stan Lee and Steve Ditko, Spider-Man!: Amazing Fantasy #15(New York: Marvel Comics, August 1962); Laurence Maslon and Michael Kantor, Superheroes!: Capes, Cowls, and the Creation of Comic Book Culture (New York: Crown Archetype, 2013), 144.

766

Winston Churchill, The Parliamentary Debates (Authorized Edition), Fourth Series, First Session of the Twenty-Eighth Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Vol. 152, February 28, 1906 (London: Wyman and Sons), 1239.

767

Franklin D. Roosevelt, «Undelivered Address Prepared for Jefferson Day», April 13, 1945, online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley, The American Presidency Project, по состоянию на 31 июля 2016 года, http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=16602.

768

Тут дается ссылка на униполярную депрессию; диагностические критерии DSM-5: во-первых, у человека почти каждый день на протяжении одного и того же двухнедельного периода большую часть дня наличествовали пять (или более) следующих симптомов; 1) подавленное настроение; 2) существенное снижение интереса или удовольствия от различных видов деятельности; 3) значительное изменение веса и/или аппетита; 4) бессонница или гиперсомния; 5) психомоторное возбуждение или заторможенность; 6) усталость или снижение уровня энергии; 7) ощущение собственной бесполезности или чрезмерной либо необоснованной вины; 8) ослабление способности мыслить или концентрироваться либо нерешительность; 9) повторяющиеся мысли о смерти. Во-вторых, перечисленные выше симптомы вызывают клинически значимый дистресс или ухудшения в социальной, профессиональной или других важных областях функционирования. В-третьих, данный эпизод не объясняется физиологическими эффектами приема психоактивных веществ или другими обстоятельствами состояния здоровья человека.

769

Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, «Behavioral Health Trends in the United States: Results from the 2014 National Survey on Drug Use and Health», HHS Publication No. SMA 15-4927, NSDUH Series H-50, 2015, по состоянию на 21 июля 2016 года, http://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/NSDUH-FRR1-2014/NSDUH-FRR1-2014.pdf; Ronald C. Kessler et al., «Prevalence, Severity, and Comorbidity of 12-Month DSM-IV Disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication», Archives of General Psychiatry 62, no. 6 (2005): 617–627.

770

Christopher J. L. Murray and Alan D. Lopez, eds., The Global Burden of Disease: A Comprehensive Assessment of Mortality and Disability from Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors in 1990 and Projected to 2020 (Geneva, Switzerland: Harvard University Press, 1996).

771

Christopher J. L Murray and Alan D. Lopez, eds., The Global Burden of Disease: A Comprehensive Assessment of Mortality and Disability from Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors in 1990 and Projected to 2020 (Geneva, Switzerland: Harvard University Press, 1996), 22.

772

Alize J. Ferrari et al., «Burden of Depressive Disorders by Country, Sex, Age, and Year: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010», PLOS Medicine 10, no. 11 (2013): e1001547; Институт показателей и оценки здоровья (IHME), GBD Compare, Seattle, WA: IHME, University of Washington, 2015, по состоянию на 21 июля 2016 года, http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare; Harvey A. Whiteford et al., «Global Burden of Disease Attributable to Mental and Substance Use Disorders: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010», Lancet 382, no. 9904 (2013): 1575–1586.

773

Резюме см. в Sherryl H. Goodman, «Depression in Mothers», Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 3 (2007):107–135.

774

William R. Beardslee et al., «Children of Parents with a Major Affective Disorder: A Review», American Journal of Psychiatry 140, no. 7 (1983): 825–832; Geraldine Downey and James C. Coyne, «Children of Depressed Parents: An Integrative Review», Psychological Bulletin 108, no. 1(1990): 50–76.

775

Geraldine Downey and James C. Coyne, «Children of Depressed Parents: An Integrative Review», Psychological Bulletin 108, no. 1 (1990): 50–76; Brenda M. Gladstone et al., «Children’s Experiences of Parental Mental Illness: A Literature Review», Early Intervention in Psychiatry 5, no. 4 (2011): 271–289; Constance Hammen, «Risk and Protective Factors for Children of Depressed Parents», in Resilience and Vulnerability: Adaptation in the Context of Childhood Adversities, ed. Suniya S. Luthar (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003), 51–75; Sydney L. Hans, «Mothering and Depression», in Women’s Mental Health, eds. Sarah E. Romans and Mary V. Seeman (Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams and Wikins, 2006), 311–320; M. Christine Lovejoy et al., «Maternal Depression and Parenting Behavior: A Meta-Analytic Review», Clinical Psychology Review 20, no. 5 (2000): 561–592.

776

David Watson and Auke Tellegen, «Toward a Consensual Structure of Mood», Psychological Bulletin 98, no. 2 (1985):219–235.

777

Hsing-Jung Chen and Pamela Kovacs, «Working with Families in Which a Parent Has Depression: A Resilience Perspective», Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 94, no. 2 (2013): 114–120; Constance Hammen, «Risk and Protective Factors for Children of Depressed Parents», in Resilience and Vulnerability: Adaptation in the Context of Childhood Adversities, ed. Suniya S. Luthar (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003), 51–75; Rebecca Pargas et al., «Resilience to Maternal Depression in Young Adulthood», Developmental Psychology 46, no. 4 (2010): 805–814.

778

Myrna M. Weissman et al., «Offspring of Depressed Parents: 20 Years Later», American Journal of Psychiatry 163, no. 6 (2006): 1001–1008; похожие выводы четырехлетнего долгосрочного исследования см. Roselind Lieb et al., «Parental Major Depression and the Risk of Depression and Other Mental Disorders in Offspring: A Prospective-Longitudinal Community Study», Archives of General Psychiatry 59, no. 4 (2002): 365–374.

779

Sharon Wegscheider-Cruse, Another Chance: Hope and Health for the Alcoholic Family (Palo Alto, CA: Science Behavior Books, 1989); см. также Geraldine J. Glover, «The Hero Child in the Alcoholic Home: Recommendations for Counselors», School Counselor 41, no. 3 (1994): 185–190; Barbara L. Wood, Children of Alcoholism: The Struggle for Self and Intimacy in Adult Life (New York: New York University Press, 1987); Peter M. Vernig, «Family Roles in Homes with Alcohol-Dependent Parents: An Evidence-Based Review», Substance Use and Misuse 46, no. 4 (2011): 535–542.

780

Sharon Wegscheider-Cruse, Another Chance: Hope and Health for the Alcoholic Family (Palo Alto, CA: Science and Behavior Books, 1989), 104.

781

Hanita Zimrin, «A Profile of Survival», Child Abuse and Neglect 10, no. 3 (1986): 339–349.

782

Bruce Lackie, «Family Correlates of Career Achievement in Social Work», (doctoral dissertation, Rutgers University, 1982); Bruce Lackie, «The Families of Origin of Social Workers», Clinical Social Work Journal 11, no. 4 (1983): 309–322.

783

Sharon Wegscheider-Cruse, Another Chance: Hope and Health for the Alcoholic Family (Palo Alto, CA: Science and Behavior Books, 1989).

784

Barbara L. Wood, Children of Alcoholism: The Struggle for Self and Intimacy in Adult Life (New York: New York University Press, 1987), 144–157.

785

Sara Rae Marsh, «Antecedents to Choice of a Helping Career: Social Work vs. Business Majors», Smith College Studies in Social Work 58, no. 2 (1988): 85–100.

786

Robin Russel et al., «Dysfunction in the Family of Origin of MSW and Other Graduate Students», Journal of Social Work Education 29, no. 1 (1993): 121–129.

787

Phyllis Black, Dorothy Jeffreys, and Elizabeth Kennedy Hartley, «Personal History of Psychosocial Trauma in the Early Life of Social Work and Business Students», Journal of Social Work Education 29, no. 2 (1993): 171–180; Catherine A. Hawkins and Raymond C. Hawkins, «Alcoholism in the Families of Origin of MSW Students: Estimating the Prevalence of Mental Health Problems Using Standardized Measures», Journal of Social Work Education 32, no. 1 (1996): 127–134; Elizabeth Lewis Rompf and David Royse, «Choice of Social Work as a Career: Possible Influences», Journal of Social Work Education 30, no. 2(1994): 163–171; Robin Russel et al., «Dysfunction in the Family of Origin of MSW and Other Graduate Students», Journal of Social Work Education 29, no. 1 (1993): 121–129.

788

Marilyn Barnett, «What Brings You Here? An Exploration of the Unconscious Motivations of Those Who Choose to Train and Work as Psychotherapists and Counselors», Psychodynamic Practice 13, no. 3 (2007): 257–274; Kara Coombes and Ruth Anderson, «The Impact of Family of Origin on Social Workers from Alcoholic Families», Clinical Social Work Journal 28, no. 3 (2000): 281–302; Barry A. Farber et al., «Choosing Psychotherapy as a Career: Why Did We Cross That Road?», Journal of Clinical Psychology 61, no. 8 (2005): 1009–1031; Hallie Frank and Joel Paris, «Psychological Factors in the Choice of Psychiatry as a Career», Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 32, no. 2 (1987): 118–122; Stephen P. Hinshaw, Breaking the Silence: Mental Health Professionals Disclose Their Personal and Family Experiences of Mental Illness (New York: Oxford University Press, 2008); Thomas Maeder, «Wounded Healers», Atlantic Monthly 263, no. 1 (1989): 37–47; Robert A. Murphy and Richard P. Halgin, «Influences on the Career Choice of Psychotherapists», Professional Psychology: Research and Practice 26, no. 4 (1995): 422–426; Sherrill L. Sellers and Andrea G. Hunter, «Private Pains, Public Choices: Influence of Problems in the Family Origin on Career Choices Among a Cohort of MSW Students», Social Work Education 24, no. 8 (2005):869–881.

789

L. Knutsson-Medin, Birgitta Edlund, and Mia Ramklint, «Experiences in a Group of Grown-Up Children of Mentally Ill Parents», Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing 14, no. 8 (2007): 744–752.

790

Ervin Staub, «The Psychology of Bystanders, Perpetrators, and Heroic Helpers», in Understanding Genocide: The Social Psychology of the Holocaust, eds. Leonard S. Newman and Ralph Erber (New York: Oxford University Press, 2002): 11–42.

791

Цит. по Aditya Chakrabortty, «The Psychology of Heroism: How Can Normal People Be Made to Act Heroically?», Guardian, March 8, 2010, по состоянию на 26 февраля 2017 года, https://www.theguardian.com/science/2010/mar/09/brain-food-psychology-heroism.

792

Frank Parsons, Choosing a Vocation (Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 1909).

793

Howard Schultz and Dori Jones Yang, Pour Your Heart into It: How Starbucks Built a Company One Cup at a Time (New York: Hachette, 1999).

794

Howard Schultz and Dori Jones Yang, Pour Your Heart into It: How Starbucks Built a Company One Cup at a Time (New York: Hachette, 1999), 4.

795

Howard Schultz and Dori Jones Yang, Pour Your Heart into It: How Starbucks Built a Company One Cup at a Time (New York: Hachette, 1999), 7.

796

Alice H. Eagly, «The His and Hers of Prosocial Behavior: An Examination of the Social Psychology of Gender», American Psychologist 64, no. 8 (2009): 644–658; Zeno E. Franco, Kathy Blau, and Philip G. Zimbardo, «Heroism: A Conceptual Analysis and Differentiation Between Heroic Action and Altruism», Review of General Psychology 15, no. 2 (2011): 99–113; Sara Staats et al., «The Hero Concept: Self, Family, and Friends Who Are Brave, Honest, and Hopeful», Psychological Reports 104, no. 3 (2009): 820–832.

797

Ervin Staub, «The Roots of Goodness: The Fulfillment of Basic Human Needs and the Development of Caring, Helping and Nonaggression, Inclusive Caring, Moral Courage, Active Bystandership, and Altruism Born of Suffering», in Moral Motivation Through the Life Span: Theory, Research, Applications, eds. Gustavo Carlo and Carolyn Edwards (Lincoln: Nebraska University Press, 2005),33–72; Ervin Staub and Johanna Vollhardt, «Altruism Born of Suffering: The Roots of Caring and Helping After Victimization and Other Trauma», American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 78, no. 3 (2008): 267–280.

798

«Raoul Wallenberg and the Rescue of the Jews in Budapest», US Holocaust Museum, Washington, DC, last modified July 2, 2016, по состоянию на 26 февраля 2017 года, https://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005211.

799

Sewell Chan, «71 Years After He Vanished, Raoul Wallenberg Is Declared Dead», New York Times, October 31, 2016, по состоянию на 29 января 2017 года, https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/01/world/europe/71-years-after-he-vanished-raoul-wallenberg-is-declared-dead.html?_r=0.

800

Nancy Chase, Burdened Children: Theory, Research, and Treatment of Parentification (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1999); David Elkind, The Hurried Child: Growing Up Too Fast Too Soon (Boston, MA: Da Capo Press, 1981); Gregory J. Jurkovic, Lost Childhoods: The Plight of the Parentified Child (New York: Routledge, 1997); Bruce Lackie, «The Families of Origin of Social Workers», Clinical Social Work Journal 11, no. 4 (1983): 309–322.

801

Jo Aldridge and Saul Becker, Children Caring for Parents with Mental Illness: Perspectives of Young Carers, Parents and Professionals (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2003); Kara Coombes and Ruth Anderson. «The Impact of Family of Origin on Social Workers from Alcoholic Families», Clinical Social Work Journal 28, no. 3 (2000): 281–302; Brenda M. Gladstone, Katherine M. Boydell, and Patricia McKeever, «Recasting Research into Children’s Experiences of Parental Mental Illness: Beyond Risk and Resilience», Social Science and Medicine 62, no. 10 (2006):2540–2550; Brenda M. Gladstone et al., «Children’s Experiences of Parental Mental Illness: A Literature Review», Early Intervention in Psychiatry 5, no. 4 (2011): 271–289.

802

Ervin Staub and Johanna Vollhardt, «Altruism Born of Suffering: The Roots of Caring and Helping After Victimization and Other Trauma», American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 78, no. 3 (2008): 267–280.

803

Judith Herman, Trauma and Recovery (New York: Basic Books, 1997), 201.

804

Henri J. M. Nouwen, The Wounded Healer: Ministry in Contemporary Society (New York: Image, 1979), 72.

805

Carl Jung, Memories, Dreams, Reflections (New York: Vintage, 1989), 134.

806

См. резюме в Stephen G. Post, ed., Altruism and Health: Perspectives from Empirical Research (New York: Oxford University Press, 2007); см. также Carolyn Schwartz et al., «Altruistic Social Interest Behaviors Are Associated with Better Mental Health», Psychosomatic Medicine 65, no. 5 (2003): 778–785.

807

Gian V. Caprara and Patrizia Steca, «Self — Efficacy Beliefs as Determinants of Prosocial Behavior Conducive to Life Satisfaction Across Ages», Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 24, no. 2 (2005): 191–217; P. L. Dulin and R. D. Hill, «Relationships Between Altruistic Activity and Positive and Negative Affect Among Low-Income Older Adult Service Providers», Aging and Mental Health 7, no. 4 (2003): 294–299; Robert Grimm, Kimberly Spring, and Nathan Dietz, «The Health Benefits of Volunteering: A Review of Recent Research», Corporation for National and Community Service, Office of Research and Policy Development, Washington, DC, 2007, http://www.nationalservice.gov/pdf/07_0506_hbr.pdf; Nancy Morrow-Howell, Song-Iee Hong, and Fengyan Tang, «Who Benefits from Volunteering? Variations in Perceived Benefits», Gerontologist 49, no. 1 (2009): 91–102; Nancy Morrow-Howellet al., «Effects of Volunteering on the Well-Being of Older Adults», Journals of Gerontology Series B 58, no. 3 (2003): S137–S145; Marc A. Musick and John Wilson, «Volunteering and Depression: The Role of Psychological and Social Resources in Different Age Groups», Social Science and Medicine 56, no. 2 (2003): 259–269; Doug Oman, Carl E. Thoresen, and Kay McMahon, «Volunteerism and Mortality Among the Community-Dwelling Elderly», Journal of Health Psychology 4, no. 3 (1999): 301–316; Marieke Van Willigen, «Differential Benefits of Volunteering Across the Life Course», Journals of Gerontology 55, no. 5 (2000): S308–S318.

808

Stephanie L. Brown, R. Michael Brown, and Ashley Schiavone, «Close Relationships and Health Through the Lens of Selective Investment Theory», in Altruism and Health: Perspectives from Empirical Research, ed. Stephen G. Post (New York: Oxford University Press, 2007).

809

Aaron M. Eakman, «A Prospective Longitudinal Study Testing Relationships Between Meaningful Activities, Basic Psychological Needs Fulfillment, and Meaning in Life», OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health 34, no. 2 (2014): 93–105; Aaron M. Eakman, «Relationships Between Meaningful Activity, Basic Psychological Needs, and Meaning in Life: Test of the Meaningful Activity and Life Meaning model», OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health 33, no. 2 (2013): 100–109; Aaron M. Eakman and Mona Eklund, «The Relative Impact of Personality Traits, Meaningful Occupation and Occupational Value on Meaning in Life and Life Satisfaction», Journal of Occupational Science 19, no. 2 (2012): 165–177; Ann Marie Roepke, Eranda Jayawickreme, and Olivia M. Riffle, «Meaning and Health: A Systematic Review», Applied Research in Quality of Life 9, no. 4 (2014): 1055–1079.

810

Michael J. Poulin et al., «Does a Helping Hand Mean a Heavy Heart? Helping Behavior and Well-Being Among Spouse Caregivers», Psychology and Aging 25, no. 1 (2010): 108–117.

811

Stephanie L. Brown et al., «Caregiving Behavior Is Associated with Decreased Mortality Risk», Psychological Science 20, no. 4 (2009): 488–494.

812

Stephanie L. Brown et al., «Coping with Spousal Loss: Potential Buffering Effects of Self-Reported Helping Behavior», Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 34, no. 6 (2008): 849–861.

813

Gwynn B. Sullivan and Martin J. Sullivan, «Promoting Wellness in Cardiac Rehabilitation: Exploring the Role of Altruism», Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing 11, no. 3 (1997): 43–52.

814

Gail Ironson et al., «Spirituality and Religiousness Are Associated with Long Survival, Health Behaviors, Less Distress, and Lower Cortisol in People Living with HIV/AIDS: The IWORSHIP Scale, Its Validity and Reliability», Annals of Behavioral Medicine 24, no. 1 (2002): 34–48.

815

Beth J. Seelig and William H. Dobelle, «Altruism and the Volunteer: Psychological Benefits from Participating as a Research Subject», ASAIO Journal 47, no. 1 (2001): 3–5; см. также Natalie McClain and Angela Frederick Amar, «Female Survivors of Child Sexual Abuse: Finding Voice Through Research Participation», Issues in Mental Health Nursing 34, no. 7 (2013): 482–487.

816

Stephen G. Post, «Altruism, Happiness, and Health: It’s Good to Be Good», International Journal of Behavioral Medicine 12, no. 2 (2005): 66–77.

817

Stephanie L. Brown et al., «Providing Social Support May Be More Beneficial than Receiving It: Results from a Prospective Study of Mortality», Psychological Science 14, no. 4 (2003): 320–327; Jersey Liang, Neal M. Krause, and Joan M. Bennett, «Social Exchange and Well-Being: Is Giving Better than Receiving?», Psychology and Aging 16, no. 3 (2001): 511–523.

818

Carolyn E. Schwartz and Rabbi Meir Sendor, «Helping Others Helps Oneself: Response Shift Effects in Peer Support», Social Science and Medicine 48, no. 11 (1999): 1563–1575.

819

Carolyn Schwartzet al., «Altruistic Social Interest Behaviors Are Associated with Better Mental Health», Psychosomatic Medicine 65, no. 5 (2003): 778–785.

820

Stephanie L. Brown et al., «Providing Social Support May Be More Beneficial than Receiving It: Results from a Prospective Study of Mortality», Psychological Science 14, no. 4 (2003): 320–327.

821

George Vaillant, «Adaptive Mental Mechanisms: Their Role in a Positive Psychology», American Psychologist 55, no. 1(2000): 89–98.

822

Barbara L. Fredrickson, «The Role of Positive Emotions in Positive Psychology: The Broaden-and-Build Theory of Positive Emotions», American Psychologist 56, no. 3 (2001): 218–226; Barbara L. Fredrickson et al., «The Undoing Effect of Positive Emotions», Motivation and Emotion 24, no. 4 (2000): 237–258; Andrea H. Marques and Esther M. Sternberg, «The Biology of Positive Emotions and Health», in Altruism and Health: Perspectives from Empirical Research, ed. Stephen G. Post (New York: Oxford University Press, 2007), 149–188; Michele M. Tugade and Barbara L. Fredrickson, «Resilient Individuals Use Positive Emotions to Bounce Back from Negative Emotional Experiences», Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 86, no. 2 (2004): 320–333.

823

Elaine Mordoch and Wendy A. Hall, «Children’s Perceptions of Living with a Parent with a Mental Illness: Finding the Rhythm and Maintaining the Frame», Qualitative Health Research 18, no. 8 (2008): 1127–1144; David Sloan Wilson and Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, «Health and the Ecology of Altruism», in Altruism and Health: Perspectives from Empirical Research, ed. Stephen G. Post (New York: Oxford University Press, 2007), 314–331.

824

Kyle D. Killian, «Helping Till It Hurts? A Multimethod Study of Compassion Fatigue, Burnout, and Self-Carein Clinicians Working with Trauma Survivors», Traumatology 14, no. 2 (2008): 32–44; Wilmar B. Schaufeli and Bram P. Buunk, «Burnout: An Overview of 25 Years of Research and Theorizing» in The Handbook of Work and Health Psychology, 2nd ed., eds. Marc J. Schabracq, Jacques A. M. Winnubst, and Cary L. Cooper (West Sussex, UK: John Wiley and Sons, 2003), 383–428; Netta Weinstein and Richard M. Ryan, «When Helping Helps: Autonomous Motivation for Prosocial Behavior and Its Influence on Well-Beingfor the Helper and Recipient», Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 98, no. 2 (2010): 222–244.

825

Louis Cozolino, The Neuroscience of Psychotherapy: Building and Rebuilding the Human Brain (New York: Norton, 2010), 279.

826

Alan Moore, Watchmen (New York: DC Comics, 1987), 101.

827

Автор цитаты точно неизвестен, обычно эти слова приписывают Марку Аврелию.

828

Deborah Byrd, «Neil deGrasse Tyson: Learning How to Think Is Empowerment», Human World, December 15, 2011, http://earthsky.org/human-world/neil-degrasse-tyson; “Neil deGrasse Tyson: Kids Are Born Scientists,” Youtube video, 2:14, November 22, 2012, по состоянию на 29 января 2017 года, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bvFOeysaNAY; Alison Gopnik, Andrew N. Meltzoff, and Patricia K. Kuhl, The Scientist in the Crib: Minds, Brains, and How Children Learn (New York: Perennial, 2001).

829

Marilyn Monroe and Ben Hecht, My Story (Lanham, MD: Taylor Trade, 2007), 88.

830

Elizabeth Smart with Chris Stewart, My Story (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2013), 210–211.

831

Michael A. Cohn and Barbara L. Fredrickson, «Beyond the Moment, Beyond the Self: Shared Ground Between Selective Investment Theory and the Broaden-and-Build Theory of Positive Emotions», Psychological Inquiry 17, no. 1 (2006): 39–44.

832

Stephanie R. deLuse, «Coping with Stress…The Superhero Way», in The Psychology of Superheroes: An Unauthorized Exploration, ed. Robin S. Rosenberg (Dallas: Benbella Books, 2008), 196.

833

Christopher Peterson and Nansook Park, «The Positive Psychology of Superheroes», in The Psychology of Superheroes: An Unauthorized Exploration, ed. Robin S. Rosenberg (Dallas: Benbella Books, 2008), 11.

834

Patricia A. Barrier, «Domestic Violence», Mayo Clinic Proceedings 73, no. 3 (1998): 271–274; Jennifer L. Truman and Rachel E. Morgan, «Nonfatal Domestic Violence, 2003–2012», Journal of Current Issues in Crime, Law, and Law Enforcement 8, no. 4 (2015).

835

Mansur Gidfar, «Don’t Believe in a War on Women? Would a Body Count Change Your Mind?», Upworthy, June 19, 2012, по состоянию на 29 января 2017 года, http://www.upworthy.com/dont-believe-in-the-war-on-women-would-a-body-count-change-your-mind.

836

Douglas A. Brownridge, «Partner Violence Against Women with Disabilities», Violence Against Women 12, no. 9 (2006): 805–822; Sandra L. Martin et al., «Physical and Sexual Assault of Women with Disabilities», Violence Against Women 12, no. 9 (2006): 823–837; Diane L. Smith, «Disability, Gender and Intimate Partner Violence: Relationships from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System», Sexuality and Disability 26, no. 1 (2008): 15–28.

837

Kim Pentico, «What Is Financial Abuse and How Can We Help Victims?», National Network to End Domestic Violence, November 11, 2015, по состоянию на 26 февраля 2017 года, https://www.prosperitynow.org/blog/what-financial-abuse-how-can-we-help-victims.

838

Sherry Hamby et al., «Children’s Exposure to Intimate Partner Violence and Other Family Violence: Nationally Representative Rates Among US Youth», Office of Justice and Juvenile Delinquency Prevention Juvenile Justice Bulletin NCJ232272 (2011): 1–11, по состоянию на 29 января 2017 года, https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/232272.pdf; Alice Kramer, Darcy Lorenzon, and George Mueller, «Prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence and Health Implications for Women Using Emergency Departments and Primary Care Clinics», Women’s Health Issues 14, no. 1 (2004): 19–29; Renee McDonald et al., «Estimating the Number of American Children Living in Partner-Violent Families», Journal of Family Psychology 20, no. 1 (2006): 137–142.

839

840

Stephanie Holt, Helen Buckley, and Sadhbh Whelan, «The Impact of Exposure to Domestic Violence on Children and Young People: A Review of the Literature», Child Abuse and Neglect 32, no. 8 (2008): 797–810.

841

842

Jennifer E. McIntosh, «Children Living with Domestic Violence: Research Foundations for Early Intervention», Journal of Family Studies 9, no. 2 (2003): 219–234.

843

844

Katherine M. Kitzmann et al., «Child Witnesses to Domestic Violence: A Meta-Analytic Review», Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 71, no. 2 (2003): 339–352; David A. Wolfe et al., «The Effects of Children’s Exposure to Domestic Violence: A Meta-Analysis and Critique», Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review 6, no. 3 (2003): 171–187.

845

Valerie J. Edwards et al., «Relationship Between Multiple Forms of Childhood Maltreatment and Adult Mental Health in Community Respondents: Results from the Adverse Childhood Experiences Study», American Journal of Psychiatry 160, no. 8 (2003): 1453–1460; Sarah E. Evans, Corrie Davies, and David DiLillo, «Exposure to Domestic Violence: A Meta-Analysis of Child and Adolescent Outcomes», Aggression and Violent Behavior 13, no. 2 (2008): 131–140; Stephanie Holt, Helen Buckley, and Sadhbh Whelan, «The Impact of Exposure to Domestic Violence on Children and Young People: A Review of the Literature», Child Abuse and Neglect 32, no. 8 (2008): 797–810; Dean G. Kilpatrick et al., «Violence and Risk of PTSD, Major Depression, Substance Abuse/Dependence, and Cormorbidity: Results from the National Survey of Adolescents», Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 71, no. 4 (2003): 692–700; Beatriz Olaya et al., «Mental Health Needs of Children Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence Seeking Help from Mental Health Services», Children and Youth Services Review 32, no. 7 (2010): 1004–1011; Joy D. Osofsky, «The Impact of Violence on Children», The Future of Children 9, no. 3 (1999): 33–49.

846

Albert Bandura, Social Learning Theory (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1977).

847

Albert Bandura, Dorothea Ross, and Sheila A. Ross, «Transmission of Aggression Through Imitation of Aggressive Models», Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 63, no. 3 (1961): 575–582.

848

Cathy S. Widom, «The Cycle of Violence», Science 244, no. 4901(1989): 160–166.

849

Ilgi Ozturk Ertem, John M. Leventhal, and Sara Dobbs, «Intergenerational Continuity of Child Physical Abuse: How Good Is the Evidence?», Lancet 356, no. 9232 (2000): 814–819; Cathy S. Widom, «Does Violence Beget Violence? A Critical Examination of the Literature», Psychological Bulletin 106, no. 1 (1989): 3–28.

850

Ilgi Ozturk Ertem, John M. Leventhal, and Sara Dobbs, «Intergenerational Continuity of Child Physical Abuse: How Good Is the Evidence?», Lancet 356, no. 9232 (2000): 814–819.

851

Sandra M. Stith et al., «The Intergenerational Transmission of Spouse Abuse: A Meta-Analysis», Journal of Marriage and Family 62, no. 3 (2000): 640–654; см. также Miriam K. Ehrensaft et al., «Intergenerational Transmission of Partner Violence: A 20-Year Prospective Study», Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 71, no. 4 (2003): 741–753.

852

David M. Fergusson, Joseph M. Boden, and L. John Horwood, «Examining the Intergenerational Transmission of Violence in a New Zealand Birth Cohort», Child Abuse and Neglect 30, no. 2 (2006): 89–108.

853

Timothy O. Ireland and Carolyn A. Smith, «Living in Partner-Violent Families: Developmental Links to Antisocial Behavior and Relationship Violence», Journal of Youth and Adolescence 38, no. 3 (2009): 323–339.

854

Cathy S. Widom, «Does Violence Beget Violence? A Critical Examination of the Literature», Psychological Bulletin 106, no. 1 (1989): 3–28.

855

Ashley F. Jespersen, Martin L. Lalumiиre, and Michael C. Seto, «Sexual Abuse History Among Adult Sex Offenders and Non-Sex Offenders: A Meta-Analysis», Child Abuse and Neglect 33, no. 3 (2009): 179–192; Ian Lambie et al., «Resiliency in the Victim — Offender Cycle in Male Sexual Abuse», Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment 14, no. 1 (2002): 31–48; Daniel Salter et al., «Development of Sexually Abusive Behaviour in Sexually Victimised Males: A Longitudinal Study», Lancet 361, no. 9356 (2003): 471–476.

856

Marinus H. van IJzendoorn, «Adult Attachment Representations, Parental Responsiveness, and Infant Attachment: A Meta-Analysison the Predictive Validity of the Adult Attachment Interview», Psychological Bulletin 117, no. 3 (1995): 387–403; Marinus H. van IJzendoorn, «Intergenerational Transmission of Parenting: A Review of Studies in Nonclinical Populations», Developmental Review 12, no. 1 (1992): 76–99.

857

Jaap Dronkers and Juho Hаrkоnen, «The Intergenerational Transmission of Divorce in Cross-National Perspective: Results from the Fertility and Family Surveys», Population Studies 62, no. 3 (2008): 273–288.

858

Falk W. Lohoff, «Overview of the Genetics of Major Depressive Disorder», Current Psychiatry Reports 12, no. 6 (2010): 539–546.

859

Justine M. Campbell and Tian P. Oei, «A Cognitive Model for the Intergenerational Transference of Alcohol Use Behavior», Addictive Behaviors 35, no. 2 (2010): 73–83; Национальный институт проблем злоупотребления алкоголем и алкоголизма, «Genetics of Alcohol Use Disorder», Национальные институты здоровья, по состоянию на 29 января 2017 года, http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/alcohol-health/overview-alcohol-consumption/alcohol-use-disorders/genetics-alcohol-use-disorders.

860

Cathy S. Widom, «Does Violence Beget Violence? A Critical Examination of the Literature», Psychological Bulletin 106, no. 1 (1989): 3–28.

861

Спасибо преподобному Чипу Эденсу из Крайст-Черч, Шарлот, Северная Каролина, который любезно поделился со мной этой историей.

862

Albert Bandura, Dorothea Ross, and Sheila A. Ross, «Vicarious Reinforcement and Imitative Learning», Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 67, no. 6 (1963): 601–607.

863

Автор цитаты точно неизвестен, обычно эти слова приписывают Отто фон Бисмарку.

864

Javier C. Hernandez, «From His Father’s Decline, de Blasio ‘Learned What Not to Do,’», New York Times, October 13, 2013, по состоянию на 29 января 2017 года, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/14/nyregion/from-his-fathers-decline-de-blasio-learned-what-not-to-do.html; Steven M. Southwick and Dennis S. Charney, Resilience: The Science of Mastering Life’s Greatest Challenges (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012), 121.

865

Hadass Goldblatt, «Strategies of Coping Among Adolescents Experiencing Interparental Violence», Journal of Interpersonal Violence 18, no. 5 (2003): 532–552.

866

Leonard Shengold, Soul Murder: The Effects of Childhood Abuse and Deprivation (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1989), 315.

867

Ana Sale, «Exclusive: Bill de Blasio Speaks with WNYC About His Father’s Suicide», WNYC, September 30, 2013, по состоянию на 29 января 2017 года, http://www.wnyc.org/story/exclusive-bill-de-blasio-speaks-wnyc-about-his-fathers-suicide.

868

Javier C. Hernandez, «From His Father’s Decline, de Blasio ‘Learned What Not to Do’», New York Times, October 13, 2013, по состоянию на 29 января 2017 года, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/14/nyregion/from-his-fathers-decline-de-blasio-learned-what-not-to-do.html.

869

Mitch Albom, Tuesdays with Morrie: An Old Man, a Young Man, and Life’s Greatest Lesson (New York: Broadway Books, 1997), 93.

870

Издана на русском языке: Элбом М. Величайший урок жизни, или Вторники с Морри. М.: Транзиткнига, Астрель, Neoclassic, Харвест, АСТ, 2006.

871

James Rhodes, Instrumental: A Memior of Madness, Medication, and Music (Edinburgh: Canongate, 2015), 88–92.

872

James Rhodes, Instrumental: A Memior of Madness, Medication, and Music (Edinburgh: Canongate, 2015), 92.

873

National Public Radio, «Jonathan Safran Foer on Marriage, Religion and Universal Balances», Fresh Air, October 11, 2016, по состоянию на 29 января 2017 года, http://www.npr.org/2016/10/11/497515290/jonathan-safran-foer-on-marriage-religion-and-universal-balances.

874

Amit Bhattacharjee and Cassie Mogilner, «Happiness from Ordinary and Extraordinary Experiences», Journal of Consumer Research 41, no. 1 (2014): 1–17.

875

Roy F. Baumeister et al., «Some Key Differences Between a Happy Life and a Meaningful Life», Journal of Positive Psychology 8, no. 6 (2013): 505–516; S. Katherine Nelson et al., «In Defense of Parenthood: Children Are Associated with More Joy than Misery», Psychological Science 24, no. 1 (2013): 3–10; см. также Angus Deaton and Arthur A. Stone, «Evaluative and Hedonic Wellbeing Among Those Withand Without Children at Home», Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111, no. 4(2014): 1328–1333;S. Katherine Nelson, Kostadin Kushlev, and Sonja Lyubomirsky, «The Pains and Pleasures of Parenting: When, Why, and How Is Parenthood Associated with More or Less Well-Being?», Psychological Bulletin 140, no. 3 (2014): 846–895; Debra Umberson and Walter R. Gove, «Parenthood and Psychological Well-Being Theory, Measurement, and Stage in the Family Life Course», Journal of Family Issues 10, no. 4(1989): 440–462.

876

Автор цитаты точно неизвестен, обычно эти слова приписывают Ганди.

877

См. резюме в George Vaillant, Triumphs of Experience: The Men of the Harvard Grant Study (Cambridge, MA: Belknap, 2012), 54–107.

878

George Vaillant, Triumphs of Experience: The Men of the Harvard Grant Study (Cambridge, MA: Belknap, 2012), p. 38.

879

Ben Bradlee, AGood Life: Newspapering and Other Adventures (New York: Touchstone, 1996), 15–16.

880

Joshua Wolf Shenk, «What Makes Us Happy», The Atlantic, June 2009, по состоянию на 7 января 2017 года, http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2009/06/what-makes-us-happy/307439.

881

Dan H. Fann, «Grant Study Analyzes ‘Normal’ Individuals», Harvard Crimson, May 13, 1942, по состоянию на 7 января 2017 года, http://www.thecrimson.com/article/1942/5/13/grant-study-analyzes-normal-individuals-pin; quoted in George Vaillant, Triumphs of Experience: The Men of the Harvard Grant Study (Cambridge, MA: Belknap, 2012), 56.

882

George Vaillant, Triumphs of Experience: The Men of the Harvard Grant Study (Cambridge, MA: Belknap, 2012), 61.

883

George Vaillant, Triumphs of Experience: The Men of the Harvard Grant Study (Cambridge, MA: Belknap, 2012), p. 72; см. также Scott Stossel, «What Makes Us Happy, Revisited: A New Look at the Famous Harvard Study of What Makes People Thrive», The Atlantic, May 2013, по состоянию на 7 января 2017 года, http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2013/05/thanks-mom/309287.

884

George Vaillant, Triumphs of Experience: The Men of the Harvard Grant Study (Cambridge, MA: Belknap, 2012).

885

Цит. по Joshua Wolf Shenk, «What Makes Us Happy», The Atlantic, June 2009, по состоянию на 7 января 2017 года, http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2009/06/what-makes-us-happy/307439.

886

George Vaillant, Triumphs of Experience: The Men of the Harvard Grant Study (Cambridge, MA: Belknap, 2012), 52.

887

Harry F. Harlow, «The Nature of Love», American Psychologist 13, no. 12 (1958): 673–685; также цит. по George Vaillant, Triumphs of Experience: The Men of the Harvard Grant Study (Cambridge, MA: Belknap, 2012), 64.

888

George Vaillant, Triumphs of Experience: The Men of the Harvard Grant Study (Cambridge, MA: Belknap, 2012), 112–113.

889

См. также L. Alan Sroufe, «Attachment and Development: A Prospective, Longitudinal Study from Birth to Adulthood», Attachment and Human Development 7, no. 4 (2005): 349–367; L. Alan Sroufe et al., The Development of the Person: The Minnesota Study of Risk and Adaptation from Birth to Adulthood (New York: Guilford, 2005).

890

891

George Vaillant, Triumphs of Experience: The Men of the Harvard Grant Study (Cambridge, MA: Belknap, 2012), 48.

892

George Vaillant, Triumphs of Experience: The Men of the Harvard Grant Study (Cambridge, MA: Belknap, 2012), 48.

893

George Vaillant, Triumphs of Experience: The Men of the Harvard Grant Study (Cambridge, MA: Belknap, 2012), 48.

894

Цит. по Donald W. Goodwin, Samuel B. Guze, and Eli Robins, «Follow-Up Studies in Obsessional Neurosis», Archives of General Psychiatry 20, no 2 (1969): 182.

895

George Vaillant, Triumphs of Experience: The Men o fthe Harvard Grant Study (Cambridge, MA: Belknap, 2012), 52.

896

См. резюме в Harry T. Reis and Shelly L. Gable, «Toward a Positive Psychology of Relationships», in Flourishing: The Positive Person and the Good Life, eds. Corey L. M. Keyes and Jonathan Haidt (Washington, DC: APA, 2003), 129–159.

897

См. резюме в Margaret O’Dougherty Wright, Ann S. Masten, and Angela J. Narayan, «Resilience Processes in Development: Four Waves of Research on Positive Adaptations in the Context of Adversity», in Handbook of Resilience in Children, eds. Sam Goldstein and Robert B. Brooks (New York: Springer, 2012), 25.

898

Michael D. Resnicket al., «Protecting Adolescents from Harm: Findings from the National Longitudinal Study on Adolescent Health», Journal of the American Medical Association 278, no. 10 (1997): 823–832.

899

Robert B. Cairns and Beverley D. Cairns, Lifelines and Risks: Passages of Youth in Our Time (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994).

900

Frank F. Furstenberg Jr., Jeanne Brooks-Gunn, and S. Philip Morgan, Adolescent Mothers in Later Life (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1987); Frank F. Furstenberg Jr. et al., Managing to Make It: Urban Families and Adolescent Success (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999).

901

John H. Laub and Robert J. Sampson, «Turning Points in the Life Course: Why Change Matters to the Study of Crime», Criminology 31, no. 3 (1993): 301–325.

902

Emmy E. Werner and Ruth S. Smith, Overcoming the Odds: High Risk Children from Birth to Adulthood (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1992).

903

См. резюме в Emmy Werner, «Resilience and Recovery: Findings from the Kauai Longitudinal Study», Research, Policy, and Practice in Children’s Mental Health 19, no. 1 (2005): 11–14, по состоянию на 29 января 2017 года, https://www.pathwaysrtc.pdx.edu/pdf/fpS0504.pdf; Emmy Werner», «What Can We Learn About Resilience from Large-Scale Longitudinal Studies?» в Handbook of Resilience in Children, eds. Sam Goldstein and Robert B. Brooks (New York: Springer, 2012), 91–106.

904

Louis Cozolino, The Neuroscience of Human Relationships: Attachment and the Developing Social Brain, 2nd ed. (New York: Norton, 2014), 244.

905

John Bowlby, «The Nature of the Child’s Tie to His Mother», International Journal of Psycho-аnalysis 39 (1958): 350–373.

906

Полное описание работы Боулби о привязанности см. в John Bowlby, Attachment and Loss. Vol. 1, Attachment (New York: Basic, 1969); John Bowlby, Attachment and Loss. Vol. 2, Separation (New York: Basic, 1973); John Bowlby, Attachmentand Loss. Vol. 3, Loss, Sadness, and Depression (New York: Basic, 1980).

907

John Bowlby, The Making and Breaking of Affectional Bonds (London: Tavistock, 1979), 129; см. также Cindy Hazan and Phillip Shaver, «Romantic Love Conceptualized as an Attachment Process», Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 52, no. 3 (1987): 511–524; резюме см. в R. Chris Fraley and Phillip R. Shaver, «Adult Romantic Attachment: Theoretical Developments, Emerging Controversies, and Unanswered Questions», Review of General Psychology 4, no. 2 (2000):132–154.

908

John Lahr, «Viola Davis’s Call to Adventure: How the Star of ‘Fences’ and ‘How to Get Away with Murder’ Got Away from Her Difficult Past», New Yorker, December 19 and 26, 2016, по состоянию на 8 января 2017 года, http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/12/19/viola-davis-call-to-adventure.

909

Thomas Wolfe, Look Homeward, Angel (New York: Scribner Paperback Fiction, 1995), xv.

910

Louis Cozolino, The Neuroscience of Psychotherapy: Building and Rebuilding the Human Brain (New York: Norton, 2010), 225–226; Louis Cozolino, The Neuroscience of Human Relationships: Attachment and the Developing Social Brain, 2nd ed. (New York: Norton, 2014), 243.

911

Beate Ditzen, Christiane Hoppmann, and Petra Klumb, «Positive Couple Interactions and Daily Cortisol: On the Stress-Protecting Role of Intimacy», Psychosomatic Medicine 70, no. 8 (2008): 883–889; Beate Ditzen et al., «Effects of Different Kinds of Couple Interaction on Cortisol and Heart Rate Responses to Stressin Women», Psychoneuroendocrinology 32, no. 5 (2007): 565–574.

912

James A. Coan, Hillary S. Schaefer, and Richard J. Davidson, «Lending a Hand: Social Regulation of the Neural Response to Threat», Psychological Science 17, no. 12 (2006): 1032–1039; Sheldon Cohen et al., «Does Hugging Provide Stress-Buffering Social Support? A Study of Susceptibility to Upper Respiratory Infection and Illness», Psychological Science 26, no. 2 (2015): 135–147; Beate Ditzen and Markus Heinrichs, «Psychobiology of Social Support: The Social Dimension of Stress Buffering», Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience 32, no. 1 (2014): 149–162; Megan Galbally et al., «The Role of Oxytocin in Mother-Infant Relations: A Systematic Review of Human Studies», Harvard Review of Psychiatry 19, no. 1 (2011): 1–14;Karen M. Grewenet al., «Effects of Partner Support on Resting Oxytocin, Cortisol, Norepinephrine, and Blood Pressure Before and After Warm Partner Contact», Psychosomatic Medicine 67, no. 4(2005): 531–538; Julianne Holt-Lunstad, Wendy A. Birmingham, and Kathleen C. Light, «Influence of a ‘Warm Touch’ Support Enhancement Intervention Among Married Coupleson Ambulatory Blood Pressure, Oxytocin, Alpha Amylase, and Cortisol», Psychosomatic Medicine 70 no. 9 (2008): 976–985; Kathleen C. Light, Karen M. Grewen, and Janet A.Amico, «More Frequent Partner Hugs and Higher Oxytocin Levels Are Linked to Lower Blood Pressure and Heart Rate in Premenopausal Women», Biological Psychology 69, no. 1(2005): 5–21.

913

Andreas Bartels and Semir Zeki, «The Neural Basis of Romantic Love», Neuroreport 11, no. 17 (2000): 3829–3834; Sarah L. Master et al., «A Picture’s Worth: Partner Photographs Reduce Experimentally Induced Pain», Psychological Science 20, no. 11 (2009): 1316–1318.

914

Andreas Bartels and Semir Zeki, «The Neural Correlates of Maternal and Romantic Love», Neuroimage 21, no. 3 (2004): 1155–1166; A. De Boer, E. M. Van Buel, and G. J. Ter Horst, «Love Is More than Just a Kiss: A Neurobiological Perspective on Love and Affection», Neuroscience 201, no. 10 (2012): 114–124.

915

Louis Cozolino and Susan Sprokay, «Neuroscience and Adult Learning», New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education 2006, no. 110 (2006): 11–19.

916

Louis Cozolino and Susan Sprokay, «Neuroscience and Adult Learning», New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education 2006, no. 110 (2006): 11–19; курсив мой.

917

Louis Cozolino and Susan Sprokay, «Neuroscience and Adult Learning», New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education 2006, no. 110 (2006): 11–19.

918

Sarah Roseberry, Kathy Hirsh Pasek, and Roberta M. Golinkoff, «Skype Me!: Socially Contingent Interactions Help Toddlers Learn Language», Child Development 85, no. 3(2014): 956–970; Sarah Roseberry et al., «Live Action: Can Young Children Learn Verbs from Video?», Child Development 80, no. 5 (2009): 1360–1375.

919

Louis Cozolino, The Neuroscience of Human Relationships: Attachment and the Developing Social Brain, 2nd ed. (New York: Norton, 2014), 245; A. De Boer, E. M. Van Buel, and G. J. Ter Horst, «Love Is More than Just a Kiss: A Neurobiological Perspective on Love and Affection», Neuroscience 201, no. 10(2012): 114–124; Barbara L. Fredrickson, «The Broaden-and-Build Theory of Positive Emotions», Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B: Biological Sciences 359, no. 1449 (2004): 1367–1378; Barbara L. Fredrickson, «Positive Emotions Broaden and Build», Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 47 (2013): 1–53; Barbara L. Fredrickson, «The Role of Positive Emotions in Positive Psychology: The Broaden-and-Build Theory of Positive Emotions», American Psychologist 56, no. 3 (2001): 218–226; Alice M. Isen, «Positive Affect, Cognitive Processes, and Social Behavior», Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 20 (1987): 203–253.

920

921

922

Barbara L. Fredrickson, «Positive Emotions Broaden and Build», Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 47(2013): 1–53; см. также Carroll E. Izard, Human Emotions (New York: Springer, 1977).

923

Roy F. Baumeister et al., «Bad Is Stronger than Good», Review of General Psychology 5, no. 4 (2001): 323–370.

924

Bessel A. van der Kolk, The Body Keeps the Score: Brain, Mind, and Body in the Healing of Trauma (New York: Penguin, 2014), 213.

925

Louis Cozolino, The Neuroscience of Human Relationships: Attachment and the Developing Social Brain, 2nd ed. (New York: Norton, 2014); Linda A. Travis, Nancy G. Bliwise, Jeffrey L. Binder, and H. Lynn Horne-Moyer, «Changes in Clients’ Attachment Styles Over the Course of Time-Limited Dynamic Psychotherapy», Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training 38, no. 2 (2001): 149–159.

926

Зигмунд Фрейд в письме Карлу Юнгу (1906), цит. по Bruno Bettelheim, Freud and Man’s Soul (New York: Vintage Books, 1984).

927

George Vaillant, Triumphs of Experience: The Men of the Harvard Grant Study (Cambridge, MA: Belknap, 2012), 48.

928

Цит. по Glenn I. Roisman et al., «Earned — Secure Attachment Status in Retrospect and Prospect», Child Development 73, no. 4 (2002): 1204–1219.

929

George Vaillant, Triumphs of Experience: The Men of the Harvard Grant Study (Cambridge, MA: Belknap, 2012), 141–142.

930

George Vaillant, Triumphs of Experience: The Men of the Harvard Grant Study (Cambridge, MA: Belknap, 2012), 52.

931

George Vaillant, Triumphs of Experience: The Men of the Harvard Grant Study (Cambridge, MA: Belknap, 2012), 140.

932

George Vaillant, Triumphs of Experience: The Men of the Harvard Grant Study (Cambridge, MA: Belknap, 2012), 141–142.

933

Mark W. Baldwin and Beverley Fehr, «On the Instability of Attachment Style Ratings», Personal Relationships 2, no. 3 (1995): 247–261; Joanne Davila, Dorli Burge, and Constance Hammen, «Why Does Attachment Style Change?», Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 73, no. 4 (1997): 826–838; Joanne Davila and Rebecca J. Cobb, «Predictors of Change in Attachment Security During Adulthood», in Adult Attachment: Theory, Research, and Clinical Implications, eds. W. Steven Rholes and Jeffry A. Simpson (New York: Guilford, 2004), 133–156; Louis Cozolino, The Neuroscience of Human Relationships: Attachment and the Developing Social Brain, 2nd ed. (New York: Norton, 2014), 155.

934

Jay Belsky and Jude Cassidy, «Attachment: Theory and Evidence», in Development Through Life: A Handbook for Clinicians, eds. Michael J. Rutter and Dale F. Hay (Oxford, UK: Blackwell, 1994), 373–402; Jami Grich, «Earned Secure Attachment in Young Adulthood: Adjustment and Relationship Satisfaction», Dissertation Abstracts International: The Sciences and Engineering, 62, no. 7-B (2002): 3419; Blair Paley et al., «Attachment and Marital Functioning: Comparison of Spouses with Continuous-Secure, Earned-Secure, Dismissing, and Preoccupied Attachment Stances», Journal of Family Psychology 13, no. 4 (1999): 580–597; Glenn I. Roisman et al., «Earned — Secure Attachment Status in Retrospect and Prospect», Child Development 73, no. 4 (2002): 1204–1219.

935

Louis Cozolino and Susan Sprokay, «Neuroscience and Adult Learning», New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education 2006, no. 110(2006): 11–19; George Vaillant, Triumphs of Experience: The Men of the Harvard Grant Study (Cambridge, MA: Belknap, 2012), 108–109.

936

Laura L. Carstensen, Helene H. Fung, and Susan T. Charles, «Socioemotional Selectivity Theory and the Regulation of Emotion in the Second Halfof Life», Motivation and Emotion 27, no. 2 (2003): 103–123; Susan Charles and Laura L. Carstensen, «Social and Emotional Aging», Annual Review of Psychology 61 (2010): 383–409; Mara Mather and Laura L. Carstensen, «Aging and Motivated Cognition: The Positivity Effect in Attention and Memory», Trends in Cognitive Sciences 9, no. 10 (2005):496–502; Andrew E. Reed, Larry Chan, and Joseph A. Mikels, «Meta-Analysis of the Age-Related Positivity Effect: Age Differences in Preferences for Positive Over Negative Information», Psychology and Aging 29, no. 1 (2014): 1–15.

937

Judith A. Crowell, Dominique Treboux, and Everett Waters, «Stability of Attachment Representations: The Transition to Marriage», Developmental Psychology 38, no. 4 (2002): 467–479; Tamara L. Fuller and Frank D. Fincham, «Attachment Style in Married Couples: Relation to Current Marital Functioning, Stability Over Time, and Method of Assessment», Personal Relationships 2, no. 1 (1995): 17–34; Fang Zhang and Gisela Labouvie-Vief, «Stability and Fluctuation in Adult Attachment Style Over a 6-Year Period», Attachment and Human Development 6, no. 4 (2004): 419–437.

938

См. The arc of history is long, but it bends toward justice Мартина Лютера Кинга-младшего, «Sermon at Temple Israel of Hollywood», произнесены 26 февраля 1965 года, American Rhetoric Online Speech Bank, по состоянию на 29 января 2017 года, http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/mlktempleisraelhollywood.htm.

939

Alan Moore, цит. по Alan Moore and Dave Gibbons, Watchmen (New York: DC Comics, 1987), 99.

940

Superheroes: A Never-Ending Battle, документальный фильм, Public Broadcasting Service, по состоянию на 26 февраля 2017 года, http://www.pbs.org/show/superheroes-neverending-story.

941

Эти слова принадлежат британскому актеру Айану Макларену; «Ian Maclaren», Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, по состоянию на 26 февраля 2017 года, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Maclaren.

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Автор книги - Мэг Джей

Доктор наук, клинический психолог. Специализируется на развитии взрослых, в частности тех, кому от 20 до 30. Ассистент профессора в Виргинском университете. Занимается частной практикой. Публиковалась в New York Times, Los Angeles Times, USA Today, Psychology Today.

Биография автора Мэг Джей

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