Примечания книги Мир трех нулей. Как справиться с нищетой, безработицей и загрязнением окружающей среды. Автор книги Мухаммад Юнус

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Книга Мир трех нулей. Как справиться с нищетой, безработицей и загрязнением окружающей среды
Мир переживает серьезный кризис, и его причина – капитализм. В своей текущей форме он ведет к еще большему неравенству, безработице и загрязнению окружающей среды. Требуется радикальная перестройка экономической системы. Важнейшую роль в новом экономическом строе будет играть социальный бизнес – ему под силу справиться с проблемами, на которые не обращают внимания предприниматели. Это не просто красивая идея. Автор книги, лауреат Нобелевской премии мира, уже доказал эффективность социального бизнеса: он сам помог миллионам неимущих. В этой книге он рассказывает, что именно нам надо сделать, чтобы решить стоящие перед человечеством проблемы.

Примечания книги

1

Annie Lowrey, "Is It Better to Be Poor in Bangladesh or the Mississippi Delta?" The Atlantic, March 8, 2017, https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2017/03/angus-deaton-qa/518880/.

2

"Just 8 Men Own Same Wealth as Half the World". Oxfam International, January 16, 2017. https://www.oxfam.org/en/pressroom/pressreleases/2017-01-16/just-8-men-own-same-wealth-half-world.

3

Lauren Carroll and Tom Kertscher, "At DNC, Bernie Sanders Repeats Claim That Top One-Tenth of 1 % Owns as Much Wealth as Bottom 90 %". Politico, July 26, 2016. http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2016/jul/26/bernie-s/dnc-bernie-sanders-repeats-claim-top-one-tenth-1-o/.

4

Sean Gorman, "Bernie Sanders Says Walmart Heirs Are Wealthier Than Bottom 40 Percent of Americans". Politico, March 14, 2016. http://www.politifact.com/virginia/statements/2016/mar/14/bernie-s/bernie-sanders-says-walmart-heirs-are-wealthier-bo/.

5

Пикетти Т. Капитал в XXI веке. – М.: Ad Marginem, 2015.

6

Сейчас проводится ряд экспериментов по разработке новых, более совершенных методов оценки экономического роста. См., например, Stewart Wallis, "Five Measures of Growth That Are Better Than GDP". World Economic Forum, April 19, 2017. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/04/five-measures-of-growth-that-are-better-than-gdp/.

7

Mark Kinver, "Earth Warming to Climate Tipping Point, Warns Study". BBC News, November 30, 2016. http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-38146248.

8

Megan Rowling and Morag MacKinnon, "'No Planet B,' Marchers Worldwide Tell Leaders Before UN Climate Summit". Reuters, November 29, 2015. http://www.reuters.com/article/us-climatechange-summit-demonstrations-idUSKBN0TI00720151129.

9

Rachel Savage, "The Most Entrepreneurial Country in the World Is … Uganda?" Management Today, June 25, 2015. http://www.manage­menttoday.co.uk/entrepreneurial-country-world-is-uganda/article/1353317.

10

The following discussion of the food, energy, environmental, and financial crises is adapted in part from Muhammad Yunus, "Adam Smith Lecture at Glasgow University," delivered December 1, 2008, http://www.muhammadyunus.org/index.php/news-media/speeches/210-adam-smith-lecture-at-glasgow-university.

11

"World Food Situation: FAO World Food Price Index". Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, February 2, 2017. http://www.fao.org/worldfoodsituation/foodpricesindex/en/.

12

Например, принятая Европейским союзом политика в области сельского хозяйства отрицательно влияет на деятельность фермеров в Латинской Америке и Африке: см. "Making the EU's Common Agricultural Policy Coherent with Development Goals". Overseas Develop­ment Institute briefing paper, September 2011. https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/7279.pdf.

13

Beth Hoffman, "How Increased Meat Consumption in China Changes Landscapes Across the Globe". Forbes, March 26, 2014. http://www.forbes.com/sites/bethhoffman/2014/03/26/how-increased-meat-consumption-in-china-changes-landscapes-across-the-globe/#3ba5c62d2443.

14

"Climate Change to Shift Global Spread and Quality of Agricultural Land". Science for Environment Policy, European Commission, February 12, 2015. http://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/

newsalert/pdf/climate_change_to_shift_global_spread_quality_

agricultural_land_403na1_en.pdf.

15

Sunil Sazawal et al., "Impact of Micronutrient Fortification of Yoghurt on Micronutrient Status Markers and Growth – A Randomized Double Blind Controlled Trial Among School Children in Bang ladesh". BMC Public Health 2013, 13:514.

16

Simon Parry, "The True Cost of Your Cheap Clothes: Slave Wages for Bangladesh Factory Workers". Post Magazine, June 11, 2016. http://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/article/1970431/true-cost-your-cheap-clothes-slave-wages-bangladesh-factory.

17

О дискуссии о французской «Фабрике действий» и социальных бизнесах, которые она помогла запустить, см.: Muhammad Yunus et al., "Reaching the Rich World's Poorest Consumers". Harvard Business Review, March 2015. https://hbr.org/2015/03/reaching-the-rich-worlds-poorest-consumers.

18

"Youth Unemployment Rate in Europe (EU Member States) as of December 2016 (Seasonally Adjusted)". Statista: The Statistics Portal. https://www.statista.com/statistics/266228/youth-unemployment-rate-in-eu-countries/.

19

Например, показатель уровня безработицы U-6, рассчитанный Бюро статистики труда Министерства труда США (помимо всех безработных, включает людей, которые «хотели бы работать, могут работать, но не искали работу в последнее время» и «разочарованных людей, которые перестали искать работу»), вдвое превышает показатель U-3, который обычно приводят СМИ: см. Kimberly Amadeo, "What Is the Real Unemployment Rate?". The Balance, February 20, 2017. https://www.thebalance.com/what-is-the-real-unemployment-rate-3306198.

20

Gregory Viscusi, "Europe Sacrifices a Generation with 17-Year Unemployment Impasse". Bloomberg, October 7, 2014. http://www.bloomberg.com/ news/articles/2014–10–07/europe-sacrifices-a-generation-with-17-year- unemployment-impasse.

21

"Decent Work and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development". International Labour Organization. http://ilo.org/global/topics/

sdg-030/lang—en/index.htm.

22

"Lowering the Recidivism Rate", editorial, Japan Times, November 24, 2014. http://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/

2014/11/24/editorials/lowering-recidivism-rate/#.WNjw3hjMyqB.

23

Gardiner Harris, "Borrowed Time on Disappearing Land: Facing Rising Seas, Bangladesh Confronts the Consequences of Climate Change". New York Times, March 28, 2014. https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/29/world/asia/facing-rising-seas-bangladesh-confronts-the-consequences-of-climate-change.html.

24

"About the B Team", http://bteam.org/about/.

25

United Nations Department of Public Education, "Sustainable Develop­ment Goals: 17 Goals to Transform Our World". http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/.

26

United Nations Department of Public Education, "Goal 1: End Poverty in All Its Forms Everywhere. Goal 1 Targets", http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/poverty/.

27

Daniel Nowak, "Investing in Social Businesses in the Western Balkans". European Venture Philanthropy Association blog, August 30, 2016. http://evpa.eu.com/blog/investing-in-social-businesses- in-the-western-balkans.

28

Sara Manisera, "She's Helped Change the Prospects of Women Affected by the Bosnian War". Christian Science Monitor, September 15, 2016. http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Making-a-difference/2016/0915/She-s-helped-change-the-prospects-of-women-affected-by-the-Bosnian-war.

29

"McCain CE Collaborates to Launch Social Business". McCain website, July 11, 2014. http://www.mccain.com/information-hub/news/some-test-news.

30

Max Ehrenfreund, "A Majority of Millennials Now Reject Capitalism, Poll Shows". Washington Post, April 26, 2016. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/04/26/a-majority-of-millennials-now-reject-capitalism-poll-shows/?utm_term=.cb8dbd4baf70.

31

Michael Munger, "Why You Can't Just 'Reject' Capitalism". Learn Liberty, May 15, 2016, http://www.learnliberty.org/blog/why-you-cant-just-reject-capitalism/.

32

Sarah Kendzior, "Why Young Americans Are Giving Up on Capitalism". Foreign Policy, June 16, 2016. http://foreignpolicy.com/2016/06/16/why-young-americans-are-giving-up-on-capitalism/.

33

Syeda Nafisa Nawal, "Redefining 'Win-Win': Youth in Social Business". Daily Star [Dhaka, Bangladesh], July 29, 2016. http://www.thedaily­star.net/next-step/youth-social-business-1261174.

34

Раздел о пожилых и пенсии частично базируется на материалах выступления Мухаммада Юнуса на 12-й Всемирной конференции по проблемам старения в Хайдарабаде (Индия) 10 июня 2014 года, которую проводила Международная федерация по изучению проблем старения.

35

Jason Choi, "Emerging Markets Can Be Wildly Profitable – If You Aren't Focused on Mobile and Cloud". Forbes, June 8, 2016. https://www.forbes.com/sites/groupthink/2016/06/08/emerging-markets-can-be-wildly-profitable-if-you-arent-focused-on-mobile-and-cloud/#1806387038fe.

36

"How Does MakeSense Work?" MakeSense, November 2015. https://makesense.s3.amazonaws.com/resources/social_entrepreneurs.pdf.

37

Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index 2016, January 25, 2017. https://www.transparency.org/news/feature/

corruption_perceptions_index_2016.

38

Muhammad Yunus with Karl Weber, Creating a World Without Poverty (New York: PublicAffairs, 2007), chap. 5.

39

Материал о дискуссии по правовым вопросам реформирования мировой экономической системы взята из: Muhammad Yunus, "How Legal Steps Can Help to Pave the Way to Ending Poverty". Human Rights Magazine, Winter 2008, http://www.americanbar.org/publications/

human_rights_magazine_home/human_rights

_vol35_2008/human_rights_winter2008/hr_winter08_yunus.html.

40

"Retail Florist License". Louisiana Horticulture Commission. http://www.ldaf.state.la.us/consumers/horticulture-programs/louisiana-horticulture-commission/.

41

The Giving Pledge, https://givingpledge.org.

42

Kerry A. Dolan, "Mark Zuckerberg Announces Birth of Baby Girl & Plan to Donate 99% of His Facebook Stock". Forbes, December 1, 2015. https://www.forbes.com/sites/kerryadolan/2015/12/01/mark-zuckerberg-announces-birth-of-baby-girl-plan-to-donate-99-of-his-facebook-stock/#16d43dc218f5.

43

Muhammad A. Yunus and Judith Rodin, "Save the World, Turn a Profit", Bloomberg View, September 25, 2015. https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2015–09–25/save-the-world-turn-a-profit.

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