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1
The William Osler Papers «Father of Modern Medicine»: The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1889–1905; Profiles in Science. National Library of Medicine.
2
Случай из практики, К. Б.
3
Sir William Osler: Aphorisms from His Bedside Teachings and Writings. Henry Schulman, Inc., 1950.
4
J. Hinson, Jr, K. Brigham, J. Daniell. Catamenial pneumothorax in sisters. Chest. 1981; 80(5):634–635.
5
Случай из практики, К. Б.
6
Hema Bashyam, JEM News Editor. Lewis Dahl and the genetics of salt-induced hypertension. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 204 (7): 1507, 2007.
7
Niels Graudal, Gesche Jürgens, Bo Baslund, and Michael H. Alderman. Compared with usual sodium intake, low- and excessive-sodium diets are associated with increased mortality: a meta-analysis. American Journal of Hypertension, 27:1129–1137, 2014.
8
Roger Kaza. Engines of our Ingenuity No. 2469. http://uh.edu/engines/epi2469.htm.
9
Ancel Keys (ed), Seven Countries: A multivariate analysis of death and coronary heart disease. Harvard University Press, 1980.
10
Rajiv Chowdhury, MD, PhD; Samantha Warnakula, MPhil*; Setor Kunutsor, MD, MSt*; Francesca Crowe, PhD; Heather A. Ward, PhD; Laura Johnson, PhD; Oscar H. Franco, MD, PhD; Adam S. Butterworth, PhD; Nita G. Forouhi, MRCP, PhD; Simon G. Thompson, FMedSci; Kay-Tee Khaw, FMedSci; Dariush Mozaffarian, MD, DrPH; John Danesh, FRCP*; and Emanuele Di Angelantonio, MD, PhD*. Association of Dietary, Circulating, and Supplement Fatty Acids with Coronary Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Annals of Internal Medicine. 160 (6):398–406, 2014.
11
Подписано для К. Б. доктором Джеймсом Хоггом.
12
Stephen Jay Gould. The Median Isn’t the Message. https://people.umass.edu/biep540w/pdf/Stephen%20Jay%20Gould.pdf.
13
Susan Knight, Deborah Symmons. Masterclass: A man with intermittent fever and arthralgia. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 1998; 57:711–714.
14
Gina Kolata. Treatment for Leukemia, Glimpses of the Future. The New York Times. July 7, 2012. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/08/health/in-gene-sequencing-treatment-for-leukemia-glimpses-of-the-future.html?_r=0.
15
NCI-Molecular Analysis for Therapy Choice (NCI-MATCH) Trial. National Cancer institute. http://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/clinical-trials/nci-supported/nci-match.
16
Nicholas Wade. A Decade Later, Genetic Map Yields Few New Cures. The New York Times, June 12, 2010.
17
John Murray «Personalized Medicine: Been There, Done That, Always Needs Work!» American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Vol. 185, No. 12 (2012), pp. 1251–1252.
18
Francis Collins. The Language of Life: DNA and the Revolution in Personalized Medicine. Harper Collins. 2010.
19
Aaron Copland. The Gifted Listener. The Saturday Review. September 27, pp. 41–44, 1952.
20
Christopher Chabris, Daniel Simons. The Invisible Gorilla: And Other Ways Our Intuitions Deceive Us, Harmony, 2010.
21
Zebra (Medicine), Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zebra_(medicine).
22
Harvey, A. M.; et al. Differential Diagnosis (3rd ed.). Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders, 1979.
23
Zebras with different stripes: One patient’s story. SCOPE, Stanford Medicine, July 17, 2012.
24
William Stauffer, MD. Evolution of the Zebra: When you hear hoofbeats, you need to consider all ungulates. Minnesota Medicine, November, 2008.
25
Сайт Луизы Пенни: http://www.louisepenny.com/faqs.htm.
26
http://www.pressganey.com/.
27
When Physicians’ Careers Suffer Because They Refuse to Prescribe Narcotics. The Atlantic, 2013. http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/10/when-physicians-careers-suffer-because-they-refuse-to-prescribe-narcotics/280995/.
28
Joshua J. Fenton, MD, MPH; Anthony F. Jerant, MD; Klea D. Bertakis, MD, MPH; Peter Franks, MD. The Cost of Satisfaction: A National Study of Patient Satisfaction, Health Care Utilization, Expenditures, and Mortality. Archives of Internal Medicine, 172:405–411, 2012.
29
William Sonnenberg, MD. Patient Satisfaction Is Overrated. Medscape, March 06, 2014.
30
2016 Physician Specialty Data Book, Center for Workforce Studies, Association of American Medical Colleges, November 2016. https://www.aamc.org/data/workforce/reports/457712/2016-specialty-databook.html.
31
Kahlil Gibran. On Marriage, in The Prophet, Martino Fine Books, 2011.
32
Danielle Ofri, MD, Why Would Anyone Choose to Become a Doctor? The New York Times, July 21, 2011.
33
Else Frenkel-Brunswik. Intolerance of ambiguity as an emotional and perceptual personality variable. Journal of Personality, 18:2–143, 1949.
34
Gail Geller, ScD. Tolerance for ambiguity: An ethics-based criterion for medical student selection. Academic Medicine, 88:581–584, 2013.
35
Gail Geller, Ruth R. Faden, David M. Levine. Tolerance for ambiguity among medical students: Implications for their selection, training and practice. Social Science & Medicine, 31:619–624, 1990.
36
Там же.
37
Bella English. At MGH, schooling doctors in the power of empathy: Center draws praise for a basic idea with huge effects. Boston Globe, August 16, pA1, 2015.
38
Susan Matthews. 10 еasy ways to improve your relationship with your doctor. Everyday Health, April 10, 2014. http://www.everydayhealth.com/news/easy-ways-improve-relationship-with-doctor/.
39
UT University Medical Group. http://www.utprimarycare.org/patient-rights/.
40
Timothy Judson, Kevin Volpp, Allan Detsky. Harnessing the right combination of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation to change physician behavior. Journal of the American Medical Association, 314: 2233–2234, 2015.
41
Why physicians should admit what they don’t know: TEDMED 2014. AMA Wire, September 10, 2014. http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/amawire/post/physicians-should-admit-dont-tedmed-2014.
42
Benjamin Franklin Quotes, BrainyQuote. http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/b/benjaminfr129817.html.
43
Robert Burns Quotes, BrainyQuote. http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/r/robertburn182938.htm.
44
Случай из практики, К. Б.
45
Michael B. Rothberg. The $50 000 Physical. A Piece of My Mind.| Journal of the American Medical Association, 311:2175–2176, 2014. doi:10.1001/jama.2014.3415.
46
Choosing Wisely: An initiative of the ABIM Foundation. http://www.choosingwisely.org/.
47
Michelle Andrews. Doctors estimate $6.8 billion in unnecessary medical tests. The Washington Post. October 31, 2011.
48
Michelle Andrews. $6.8 Billion Spent Yearly On 12 Unnecessary Tests And Treatments, Kaiser Health News. October 31, 2011. http://khn.org/news/michelle-andrews-on-unneccesary-tests-and-treatments/.
49
Jamie Holmes. Doctors Hate Ambiguity: How an obsession with certainty can hurt patients’ health. From Nonsense: The Power of Not Knowing by Jamie Holmes. Crown, 2015.
50
The 10 Questions You Should Know: Questions Are the Answer. AHRQ: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. http://www.ahrq.gov/patients-consumers/patient-involvement/ask-your-doctor/10questions.html.
51
Trisha Torrey. Trisha’s Misdiagnosis Story. Every Patients Advocate: Empowering patients and their advocates. http://everypatientsadvocate.com/who-is-trisha/misdiagnosis/.
52
Richard Hayward. Balancing certainty and uncertainty in clinical medicine. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 48: 74–77, 2006.
53
My friend’s story. Patient Stories, The Fecal Transplant Foundation. September 23, 2014.
54
Laurie Tarkan. Arrogant, Abusive and Disruptive — and a Doctor. The New York Times. Dec 1, 2008.
55
Sandra G. Boodman. Doctors’ Diagnostic Errors Are Often Not Mentioned But Can Take A Serious Toll. Kaiser Health News, May 6, 2013.
56
Laurie Tarkan. Arrogant, Abusive and Disruptive — and a Doctor. The New York Times. December 1, 2008.
57
Там же.
58
Farley Mowat, Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farley_Mowat.
59
Sandeep Jauhar. Why Doctors Are Sick of Their Profession: American physicians are increasingly unhappy with their once-vaunted profession, and that malaise is bad for their patients. The Wall Street Journal, August 29, 2014. http://www.wsj.com/articles/the-u-s-s-ailing-medical-system-a-doctors-perspective-1409325361.
60
Sandeep Jauhar. Doctored: The Disillusionment of an American Physician, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2014.
61
Sandeep Jauhar. Why Doctors Are Sick of Their Profession: American physicians are increasingly unhappy with their once-vaunted profession, and that malaise is bad for their patients. The Wall Street Journal, August 29, 2014. http://www.wsj.com/articles/the-u-s-s-ailing-medical-system-a-doctors-perspective-1409325361.
62
M. Quinn, A. Wilcox, EJ Orav, DW Bates, SR Simon. The relationship between perceived practice quality and quality improvement activities and physician practice dissatisfaction, professional isolation, and work-life stress. Medical Care, 47:924–928, 2009.
63
Roni Caryn Rabin. A growing number of primary-care doctors are burning out. How does this affect patients? The Washington Post, March 31, 2014.
64
Carol Peckham, Medscape Physician Compensation Report 2015, Medscape, April 21, 2015.
65
Robert Kocher. The Downside of Health Care Job Growth, Harvard Business Review, September 23, 2013.
66
Carol Peckham, Medscape Physician Compensation Report 2015, Medscape, April 21, 2015.
67
Carmen DeNavas-Walt, Bernadette D. Proctor. Income and Poverty in the United States: 2013: Current Population Reports. U.S Census Bureau, Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration. September, 2014.
68
Dan Mangan. Medical Bills Are the Biggest Cause of US Bankruptcies: Study. CNBC, June 25, 2013. http://www.cnbc.com/id/100840148.
69
Roni Caryn Rabin. A growing number of primary-care doctors are burning out. How does this affect patients? The Washington Post, March 31, 2014.
70
Victoria Sweet. Should a Doctor Be Like a Gardener? The Wall Street Journal. April 25, 2012.
71
Meghan O’Rourke. Doctors Tell All — and It’s Bad. The Atlantic, November 2014.
72
To err is human: Building a safer health system. Institute of Medicine: Shaping the Future for Health, November 1999. https://www.nationalacademies.org/hmd/~/media/Files/Report%20Files/1999/To-Err-is-Human/To%20Err%20is%20Human%201999%20%20report%20brief.pdf.
73
T. Shanafelt, C. Balch, G. Bechamps, T. Russell, L. Dyrbye, D. Satele, P. Collicott, P. Novotny, J. Sloan, J. Freischlag. Burnout and medical errors among American surgeons. Annals of Surgery, 251:995–1000, 2010.
74
Mercola. New report: Preventable medical mistakes account for one sixth of all annual deaths in the United States. Mercola.com, October 9, 2013. http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2013/10/09/preventable-medical-errors.aspx.
75
Karl Smallwood. Sherlock Holmes never said «elementary, my dear Watson». Today I found Out: Feed Your Brain. August 27, 2013. http://www.todayifoundout.com/index.php/2013/08/sherlock-holmes-never-said-elementary-dear-watson/.
76
Andrew Wakefield. News about Andrew Wakefield, including commentary and archival articles. The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/topic/person/andrew-wakefield.
77
The anti-vaccination movement: a study in propaganda, disinformation, and dishonesty. What Would Jack Do? February 3, 2015. http://whatwouldjackdo.net/2015/02/the-anti-vaccination-movement-a-study-in-propaganda-disinformation-and-dishonesty.html.
78
Measles Cases and Outbreaks. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention http://www.cdc.gov/measles/cases-outbreaks.html.
79
Carl Sagan. Cosmos. Brainy Quote http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/c/carlsagan589698.html.
80
Hriday Shah, Kevin Chung. Archie Cochrane and his vision for evidence-based medicine. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 124:982–988, 2009.
81
AL Cochrane. Effectiveness and Efficiency: random reflections on health services. Nuffield Provincial Hospitals Trust, London, 1973.
82
A Levin. The Cochrane Collaboration. Annals of Internal Medicine, 135:309–312, 2001.
83
David Freedman. Lies, Damned Lies, and Medical Science. The Atlantic, November 2010.
84
Stanley Young, Alan Karr. Deming, data, and observational studies: A process out of control and needing fixing. Significance, pp. 116–120, September, 2011.
85
Stephen W. Draper. The Hawthorne, Pygmalion, Placebo and other effects of expectation: some notes. http://www.psy.gla.ac.uk/~steve/hawth.html.
86
Explanatory and pragmatic research. Open Philanthropy Project. http://www.openphilanthropy.org/explanatory-and-pragmatic-research.
87
Phillip Peterson. Get Inside Your Doctor’s Head. The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013.
88
M. Chung, R. Oden, B. Joyner, A. Sims, R. Moon. Safe infant sleep recommendations on the Internet: let’s Google it. The Journal of Pediatrics, 161:1080–1084, 2012.
89
F. North, W. Ward, P. Varkey, S. Tulledge-Scheitel. Should you search the Internet for information about your acute symptom? Telemedicine and e-Health, 18:213–218, 2012.
90
Bradford Winters, Jason Custer, Samuel Galvagno Jr, Elizabeth Colantuoni, Shruti Kapoor, HeeWon Lee, Victoria Goode, Karen Robinson, Atul Nakhasi, Peter Pronovost, David Newman-Toker. Systematic review: Diagnostic errors in the intensive care unit: a systematic review of autopsy studies. BMJ Quality & Safety, 10:1136, 2012.
91
Закон о защите пациентов и доступном здравоохранении (Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, ACA), статья 10331(a).
92
Physician Compare Initiative. www.cms.gov/Medicare/Quality-Initiatives-Patient-Assessment-Instruments/physician-compare-initiative/Physician-Compare-Overview.html.
93
Gary Wolf. The Data-Driven Life. The New York Times Magazine. April 28, 2010.
94
Gary Wolf. The Quantified Self. TED Talk. https://www.ted.com/talks/gary_wolf_the_quantified_self?language=en.
95
Know your health numbers. American Heart Аssociation. http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/Diabetes/PreventionTreatmentofDiabetes/Know-Your-Health-Numbers_UCM_313882_Article.jsp#.V9LSWZgrIhc.
96
Matthew Leitch. Value Driven versus Target Driven Planning. Dynamic Management for an Uncertain World. July 5, 2006.
97
Sam Savage. The Flaw of Averages. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. 2009.
98
Thomas Bayes. Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Bayes.
99
Thomas Bayes. An essay towards solving a problem in the doctrine of chances. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 53:370, 1763.
100
Kevin Boone. Bayesian statistics for dummies. http://www.kevinboone.net/bayes.html.
101
FD Flam. The Odds, Continually Updated. The New York Times, September 29, 2014. http://nyti.ms/Ylzkqv.
102
Phillip K. Peterson. Get Inside Your Doctor’s Head. The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2015.
103
Abigail Zuger. Patient, Heal Thyself: ‘The Patient Will See You Now’ Envisions a New Era of Digitally Perfected Care. The New York Times, January 5, 2015.
104
George Diamond, Alan Rozanski, Michael Steuer. Playing doctor: Application of game theory to medical decision-making. International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 39: 669–677, 1986.
105
C. Tarrant, T. Stokes, A. M. Colman. Models of the medical consultation: opportunities and limitations of a game theory perspective. Quality and Safety in Health Care, 13: 461–466, 2004.
106
David Eddy, Leonard Schlessinger. Archimedes: An analytical tool for improving the quality and efficiency of health care. NCBI Bookshelf. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22837/.
107
Albert-Laszlo Barabasi, Natalie Gulbahce, Joseph Loscalzo. Network medicine: a network-based approach to human disease. Nature Reviews Genetics 12: 56–58, 2011.
108
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109
Don’t believe everything you read on the internet just because there’s a picture with a quote next to it. http://www.goodreads.com/quotes/7011403-don-t-believe-everything-you-read-on-the-internet.
110
Colin Bennett. Politics of the Imagination: The Life, Work and Ideas of Charles Fort. Head Press, 2002.
111
Ivan Oransky. Weekend reads: Gay canvassing study saga continues: Elsiever policy sparks concern: a string of scandals. Retraction Watch: Tracking retractions as a window into the scientific process. http://retractionwatch.com.
112
Adam Marcus, Ivan Oransky. What’s behind big science frauds? The Opinion Pages, The New York Times, May 22, 2015.
113
Joseph LY Liu. The role of the funnel plot in detecting publication and related biases in meta-analysis Evidence-Based Dentistry (2011), 12:121–122, 2011.
114
TD Sterling, WL Rosenbaum, JT Weinkam. Publication decisions revisited: The effect of the outcome of statistical tests on the decision to publish and vice versa. The American Statistician, 49:108–112, 1995.
115
Nicola Jones. Half of US clinical trials go unpublished: Results are reported more thoroughly in government data base than in journals. Nature News and Comment, December 13, 2013.
116
Carolina Riveros, Agnes Dechartres, Elodie Perrodeau, Romana Haneef, Isabelle Boutron, Phillips Ravaud. Timing and completeness of trial results posted at ClinicalTrials.gov and published in journals. PLOS Medicine DOI: 10:1371/journal.pmed 1001586.
117
Andrew Wakefield. Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Wakefield.
118
Terrance McCoy. The Disneyland measles outbreak and the disgraced doctor who whipped up vaccination fear. The Washington Post Morning Mix. January 23, 2015.
119
Negative Results Journals: A new scientific journal publishes negative results. Science News. http://topsciencenews.blogspot.com/2010/11/negative-results-journals.html.
120
Gabriella Anderson, Haiko Sprot, Bjоrn R. Olsen. Opinion: Publish negative results: Non-confirmatory or «negative» results are not worthless. The Scientist News and Opinion, January 15, 2013.
121
Sherlock Holmes’ Top 10 Lessons for Problem Solvers, Tip no. 5. Young Associates Inc. http://www.youngassocinc.com/problemswesolve.html.
122
Sherlock Holmes’ Top 10 Lessons for Problem Solvers, Tip no. 3. Young Associates Inc. http://www.youngassocinc.com/problemswesolve.html.
123
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124
Paul Lee. The nature of anecdotes. Emner: Medical Quackery, Pseudoscience, Skepticism. Sept. 1, 2003. http://www.skepticreport.com/sr/?p=423.
125
Случай из практики, К. Б.
126
Harriet Hall. The Role of Experience in Science-Based Medicine. Science-Based Medicine: Exploring Issues & Controversies in Science & Medicine, April 12, 2011. https://www.sciencebasedmedicine.org/the-role-of-experience-in-science-based-medicine/.
127
The Plural of Anecdote is Not Data. Skeptical Medicine, May 25, 2014. https://sites.google.com/site/skepticalmedicine//the-plural-of-anecdote-is-not-data.
128
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130
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131
Kathryn Montgomery. How Doctors Think: Clinical Judgment and the Practice of Medicine, 1st Edition. Oxford University Press, 2005.
132
Pauline Chen. Stories In The Service Of Making A Better Doctor. The New York Times Health, October 23, 2008.
133
David Watts, Perspective: Cure for the Common Cold. The New England Journal of Medicinе, 367: 1184–1185, 2012.
134
David Hatem, Elizabeth A. Rider. Sharing stories: narrative medicine in an evidence-based world. Patient Education and Counseling, 54: 251–253, 2004.
135
Peter Tishler. Soma Weiss, Alfred S. Reinhart, and the care of the patient. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, vol. 53, number 1, Winter 2010.
136
Kenneth Brigham. Hard Bargain: Life-Lessons from Prostate Cancer… A Love Story. Harpeth House, 2001.
137
Philip Overby. The moral education of doctors. The New Atlantis, pp. 7–26, Fall 2005.
138
Francis Peabody. The care of the patient. Journal of the American Medical Association, 88:877–882, 1927.
139
David Hatem, Elizabeth A. Rider. Sharing stories: narrative medicine in an evidence-based world. Patient Education and Therapy, 54:251–253, 2004.
140
Vera Kalitzkus, Peter Matthiessen. Narrative-based medicine: potential, pitfalls, and practice. The Permanente Journal, 13:80–86, 2009.
141
Jayshil Patel. Writing the wrong. Journal of the American Medical Association, 314:671–672, 2015.
142
Richard Byny. The tragedy of the electronic health record. The Pharos, pp. 2–5, Summer, 2015.
143
Jilleen Kosko, Terry Klassen, Ted Bishop, Lisa Hartling. Evidence-based medicine and the anecdote: Uneasy bedfellows or ideal couple? Paediatrics and Child Health, 11:665–668, 2006.
144
Philippa Horsfield, Sanjay Deshpande, Richard Ellis. Killing with kindness? Drug reaction eosinophilia with systemic symptoms (DRESS) masquerading as acute severe sepsis. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 64:663–665, 2009.
145
Epidural steroid injections for back pain: Worth a shot, or should you skip it? Consumer Reports, March 2011.
146
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Denise Grady. Meningitis cases are linkpd to steroid injections in spine. The New York Times Health, October 2, 2012.
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Daily Mail reporter. Pictured: Child care worker among five killed in meningitis outbreak traced to routine back pain injections at hospital… amid fears thousands at risk across 23 states. Daily Mail, October 4, 2012.
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Maryn McKenna. Swapping Germs: Should Fecal Transplants Become Routine for Debilitating Diarrhea? Scientific American, December, 2011.
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Christy Ledford, Dean Seehusen, Alexander Chessman, Navkrian Shokar. How we teach US medical students to negotiate uncertainty in clinical care: a CERA study. Family Medicine, 47: 31–36, 2015.
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Hippocrates and the laying on of hands. Reiki News Articles, The International Center for Reiki Training. http://www.reiki.org/reikinews/hippocratesB.htm.
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167
Richard Knox. The fading art of the physical exam. NPR Morning Edition, Sept 20, 2010. http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=129931999.
168
Eric Topol. Malcolm Gladwell: Future docs need more time, not technology. Medscape, August 15, 2015. http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/847711.
169
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170
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171
David Eddy. The origins of evidence-based medicine — a personal perspective. Virtual Mentor, 13: 55–60, 2011.
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Dan Mendelson, Tanisha Carino. Evidence-based medicine in the United States — de rigueur or dream deferred? Health Affairs, 24:133–136, 2005.
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174
Stephen Hicke, Andrew Hickey, Leonardo Noriega. The failure of evidence-based medicine? European Journal for Person Centered Healthcare, 1:69–79, 2012.
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Atul Gawande. The mistrust of science. The New Yorker, June 10, 2016.
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177
Alistair Barr. Google’s new moonshot project: the human body. The Wall Street Journal, July 27, 2014.
178
Jocelyn Kaiser. NIH plots million-person megastudy. Science, 347:817, 2015.
179
Eric Topol. The Creative Destruction of Medicine: How the Digital Revolution Will Create Better Health Care. Basic Books, 2013.
180
Eric Topol. Malcolm Gladwell: Future Docs Need More Time, Not Technology. Medscape August 18, 2015. http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/847711.
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