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Примечания книги
1
UN Habitat, State of the World’s Cities 2008/9: harmonious cities (London, 2008), p. 11; UN Habitat, State of the World’s Cities 2012/2013: prosperity of cities (NY, 2013), p. 29.
2
Jaison R. Abel, Ishita Dey and Todd M. Gabe, ‘Productivity and the Density of Human Capital’, Federal Reserve Bank of New York Staff Reports, 440 (March 2010); OECD, The Metropolitan Century: understanding urbanisation and its consequences (Paris, 2015), pp. 35ff; Maria P. Roche, ‘Taking Innovation to the Streets: microgeography, physical structure and innovation’, Review of Economics and Statistics, 21/8/2019, https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/rest_a_00866.
3
Jonathan Auerbach and Phyllis Wan, ‘Forecasting the Urban Skyline with Extreme Value Theory’, 29/10/2018, https://arxiv.org/abs/1808.01514.
4
5180 кв. километров. – Здесь и далее примечания переводчика, если не оговорено иное.
5
103,6 кв. километра.
6
13 571 кв. километр.
7
Более 217 тыс. кв. километров.
8
A. T. Kearney, Digital Payments and the Global Informal Economy (2018), pp. 6, 7.
9
Janice E. Perlman, ‘The Metamorphosis of Marginality: four generations in the favelas of Rio de Janeiro’, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 606 (July 2006), 167; Sanni Yaya et al., ‘Decomposing the Rural-Urban Gap in the Factors of Under-Five Mortality Rate in Sub-Saharan Africa? Evidence from 35 countries’, BMC Public Health, 19 (May 2019); Abhijit V. Banerjee and Esther Duflo, ‘The Economic Lives of the Poor’, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 21:1 (Winter 2007), table 9; Maigeng Zhou et al., ‘Cause-Specific Mortality for 240 Causes in China during 1990–2013: a systematic subnational analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013’, Lancet, 387 (January 2016), 251–72.
10
Чуть более двух кв. километров.
11
Karen C. Seto, Burak Günerlap and Lucy R. Hutyra, ‘Global Forecasts of Urban Expansion to 2030 and Direct Impacts on Biodiversity and Carbon Pools’, PNAS, 109:40 (October 2012).
12
Edward Glaeser, The Triumph of the City: how urban space makes us human (London, 2012), p. 15.
13
Andrew George (ed. and trans.), The Epic of Gilgamesh (London, 2013), I:101ff.
14
7,77 кв. километра.
15
Paul Kriwaczek, Babylon: Mesopotamia and the birth of civilisation, p. 80; Mary Shepperson, ‘Planning for the sun: urban forms as a Mesopotamian response to the sun’, World Archaeology, Vol. 41, No. 3 (September 2009), 363–78.
16
Jeremy A. Black et al., The Literature of Ancient Sumer (Oxford, 2006), pp. 118ff.
17
32,2 километра.
18
P. Sanlaville, ‘Considerations sur l’évolution de la basse Mésoptamie au cours des derniers millénaires’, Paléorient, 15:5 (1989), 5–27; N. Petit-Maire, P. Sanlaville and Z. W. Yan, ‘Oscillations de la limite nord du domaine des moussons africaine, indienne, et asiatique, au cours du dernier cycle climatique’, Bulletin de la Societé Géologique de France, 166 (1995), 213–20; Harriet Crawford, Ur: the city of the Moon God (London, 2015), pp. 4ff; Guillermo Algaze, Ancient Mesopotamia at the the Dawn of Civilization: the evolution of the urban landscape (Chicago, 2008), pp. 41ff; Hans J. Nissen, The Early History of the Ancient Near East, 9000–2000 BC (Chicago, 1988).
19
Gwendolyn Leick Mesopotamia: the invention of the city (London, 2001), pp. 2–3, 8–9, 19ff.
20
80,5 километра.
21
Ibid., pp. 35ff, 50, 54.
22
Thomas. W. Killion, ‘Nonagricultural cultivation and social complexity: the Olmec, their ancestors, and Mexico’s Southern Gulf Coast lowlands’, Current Anthropology, 54:5 (October 2013), 569–606; Andrew Lawler, ‘Beyond the Family Feud’, Archaeology, 60:2 (March/April 2007), 20–5; Charles Higham, ‘East Asian agriculture and its impact’, in Christopher Scarre (ed.), The Human Past: world prehistory and the development of human societies (London, 2005), pp. 234–63; Roderick J. McIntosh, ‘Urban clusters in China and Africa: the arbitration of social ambiguity’, Journal of Field Archaeology, 18:2 (Summer 1991), 199–212.
23
Jennifer Pournelle and Guillermo Algaze, ‘Travels in Edin: deltaic resilience and early urbanism in Greater Mesopotamia’, in H. Crawford (ed.), Preludes to Urbanism: studies in the late Chalcolithic of Mesopotamia in honour of Joan Oates (Oxford, 2010), pp. 7–34.
24
H. Weiss, ‘The origins of Tell Leilan and the conquest of space in third millennium north Mesopotamia’, in H. Weiss (ed.), The Origins of Cities in Dry-farming Syria and Mesopotamia in the Third Millennium BC (Guilford, CT, 1986).
25
Более 2400 километров.
26
Guillermo Algaze, ‘The Uruk expansion: cross-cultural exchange in early Mesopotamian civilisation’, Current Anthropology, 30:5 (December 1989), 581.
27
William Blake Tyrrell, ‘A note on Enkidu’s enchanted gate’, The Classical Outlook, 54:8 (April 1977), 88.
28
Guillermo Algaze, ‘Entropic Cities: the paradox of urbanism in ancient Mesopotamia’, Current Anthropology, 59:1 (February 2018); Florian Lederbogen et al., ‘City-Living and Urban Upbringing Affect Neural Social Stress Processing in Humans’, Nature, 474 (2011), 498–501; Leila Haddad et al., ‘Brain Structure Correlates of Urban Upbringing, an Environmental Risk Factor for Schizophrenia’, Schizophrenia Bulletin, 41:1 (January 2015), 115–22.
29
«Эпос о Гильгамеше». Пер. И. Дьяконова.
30
Leick, pp.1ff, 29.
31
Geoff Emberling and Leah Minc, ‘Ceramics and Long-Distance Trade in Early Mesopotamian States, Journal of Archaeological Science, Reports: 7, (March 2016); Giacomo Benati, ‘The Construction of Large-scale Networks in Late Chalcolithic Mesopotamia: emergent political institutions and their strategies’, in Davide Domenici and Nicolò Marchetti, Urbanized Landscapes in Early Syro-Mesopotamia and Prehispanic Mesoamerica (Wiesbaden, 2018).
32
В русском переводе «Эпоса», доступном в Сети, аналогичного отрывка не найдено.
33
Hans J. Nissen, Peter Damerow and Robert K. Englund, Archaic Bookkeeping: early writing and techniques of economic administration in the ancient Near East (Chicago, 1993), p. 36.
34
Leick, pp. 89ff.
35
То, что И. Дьяконов перевел как «Урук огражденный», в оригинале звучит «Урук-овчарня, загон для овец».
36
Ibid., p. 106.
37
Kriwaczek, p. 162.
38
Ibid., pp. 161–2.
39
Leick, pp. 139, 146, 268.
40
Наум. 3:1–3.
41
Быт. 11:4.
42
Быт. 11:7,9.
43
Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Politics and the Arts: letter to M. d’Alembert on the theatre, trans. A. Bloom (Ithaca, 1968), pp. 58–9.
44
Victoria E. Thompson, ‘Telling “Spatial Stories”: urban space and bourgeois identity in nineteenth-century Paris’, Journal of Modern History, 75:3 (September 2003), 542.
45
Jon Adams and Edmund Ramsden, ‘Rat Cities and Beehive Worlds: density and design in the modern city’, Comparative Studies in Society and History, 53:4 (October 2011), 722–756.
46
Le Corbusier, The City of Tomorrow and its Planning (NY, 1987), p. 244; Ebenezer Howard, Garden Cities of Tomorrow (London, 1902), p. 18.
47
Jonathan M. Kenoyer, Ancient Cities of the Indus Valley Civilisation (Oxford, 1998); R. K. Pruthi, Indus Civilisation (New Delhi, 2004); Andrew Robinson, The Indus: lost civilisations (London, 2015).
48
Asko Parpola, Deciphering the Indus Script (Cambridge, 1994), p. 21; cf. Dilip K. Chakrabarti (ed.), Indus Civilisation Sites in India: new discoveries (Mumbai, 2004), p. 11 and Hans J. Nissen, ‘Early Civilisations in the Near and Middle East’, in Michael Jansen, Máire Mulloy and Günter Urban (eds.), Forgotten Cities in the Indus: early civilisation in Pakistan from the 8th to the 2nd millennium BC (Mainz, 1991), p. 33.
49
Robinson, p. 47.
50
Liviu Giosan et al., ‘Fluvial landscapes of the Harappan civilization’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109:26 (2012); Peter D. Clift and Liviu Giosan, ‘Holocene evolution of rivers, climate and human societies in the Indus basin’, in Yijie Zhuang and Mark Altaweel (eds.), Water Societies and Technologies from Past and Present (London, 2018); Liviu Giosan et al., ‘Neoglacial Climate Anomalies and the Harappan Metamorphosis’, Climate of the Past, 14 (2018), 1669–86.
51
Cameron A. Petrie et al., ‘Adaptation to Variable Environments, Resilience to Climate Change: investigating land, water and settlement in Indus Northwest India’, Current Anthropology, 58:1 (February 2017), 1–30.
52
Arunima Kashyap and Steve Weber, ‘Starch Grain Analysis and Experiments Provide Insights into Harappan Cooking Practises’, in Shinu Anna Abraham, Praveena Gullapalli, Teresa P. Raczek and Uzma Z. Rizvi (eds.), Connections and Complexity: new approaches to the archaeology of South Asia (Walnut Creek, 2013); Andrew Lawler, ‘The Mystery of Curry’, Slate.com, 29/1/2013, https://slate.com/human-interest/2013/01/indus-civilization-food-how-scientists-are-figuring-out-what-curry-was-like-4500–years-ago.html.
53
Will Doig, ‘Science Fiction No More: The Perfect City is Under Construction’, Salon.com, 28/4/2012.
54
На 2019 год – 159 326 человек.
55
‘An Asian Hub in the Making’, New York Times, 30/12/2007.
56
William Thomas, The History of Italy (1549) (New York, 1963), p. 83.
57
Terry Castle, ‘Eros and liberty at the English masquerade’, Eighteenth-century Studies, 17:2 (Winter 1983–4), 159; Stephanie Dalley, Myths from Mesopotamia: Creation, The Flood, Gilgamesh, and others (Oxford, 1989), p. 305.
58
Откр. 18:18.
59
В русском синодальном переводе данный отрывок находится в «Послании Иеремии».
60
Иер. 1:43
61
Откр. 17:5.
62
Иер. 51:7.
63
Откр. 18:2–3.
64
Simon Szretre, ‘Treatment rates for the pox in early modern England: a comparative estimate of the prevalence of syphilis in the city of Chester and its rural vicinity in the 1770s’, Community and Change, 32:2 (2017); Maarten H. D. Larmuseau et al., ‘A Historical-Genetic Reconstruction of Human Extra-Pair Paternity’, Current Biology, 28:1–6 (December 2019).
65
Leick, pp. 59–60.
66
Хеймаркет – улица Лондона, в ту эпоху славилась как квартал «красных фонарей».
67
Стрэнд – одна из центральных улиц Лондона.
68
James Boswell, Boswell’s London Journal (1952), pp. 249–50, 257, 320.
69
Англ. Gropecunt можно перевести как «Мандощупательный», более мягкий вариант перевода подобрать трудно.
70
Farid Azfar, ‘Sodomites and the shameless urban future’, The Eighteenth Century, 55:4 (Winter 2014).
71
Randolph Trumbach, ‘London’s sodomites: homosexual behaviour and western culture in the eighteenth century’, Journal of Social History, 11:1 (Autumn 1977); Gavin Brown, ‘Listening to the queer maps of the city: gay men’s narratives of pleasure and danger in London’s East End’, Oral History, 29:1 (Spring 2001).
72
Leick, p. 59.
73
Vern L. Bullough, ‘Attitudes towards deviant sex in ancient Mesopotamia’, Journal of Sex Research, 7:3 (August 1971).
74
Иуд. 1:7.
75
19,8 метра.
76
Около 800 метров.
77
Leick, p. 264.
78
Иер. 50:39–40.
79
Brian Cowan, ‘What was masculine about the public sphere? Gender and the coffee house milieu in post-Restoration England’, History Workshop Journal, 51 (Spring 2001), 140.
80
Третий президент США (1801–1809), один из авторов Декларации независимости.
81
The Collected Writings of Thomas De Quincey, Vol. 1, p. 181.
82
Разновидность гравюры на металле; изображение создаеся за счет разной градации светлых участков на черном фоне.
83
Пер. В. Ефановой и Н. Мироновой.
84
H. Brock, ‘Le Corbusier Scans Gotham’s Towers’, New York Times, 3/11/1935; Le Corbusier, The Radiant City: elements of a doctrine of urbanism o be used as the basis of our Machine Age Civilization (London, 1967), p. 230.
85
‘Old Oligarch’, The Constitution of the Athenians, 2.7–8.
86
Demetra Kasimis, The Perpetual Immigrant and the Limits of Athenian Democracy (Cambridge, 2018), p. 22.
87
Ис. 23:7–8.
88
28,35 грамма.
89
Edith Hall, The Ancient Greeks: ten ways they shaped the modern world (London, 2016), introduction, chapter 3.
90
Ibid., chapter 3.
91
Morgens Herman Hansen, ‘The Hellenic Polis’, in Hansen (ed.), A Comparative Study of Thirty City-State Cultures: an investigation conducted by the Copenhagen Polis Centre (Copenhagen, 2000), pp. 141ff.
92
Ibid., pp. 146ff.
93
Ibid., p. 145.
94
Stavros Stavrides, ‘The December 2008 Youth Uprising in Athens: spatial justice in an emergent “city of thresholds”’, justice spatial, 2 (October 2010); Ursula Dmitriou, ‘Commons as Public: re-inventing public spaces in the centre of Athens’, in Melanie Dodd (ed.), Spatial Practices: modes of action and engagement with the city (Abingdon, 2020); Helena Smith, ‘Athens’ Unofficial Community Initiatives Offer Hope After Government Failures’, Guardian, 21/9/2016.
95
Hussam Hussein Salama, ‘Tahrir Square: a narrative of public space’, International Journal of Architectural Research, 7:1 (March 2013), 128–38; Joshua E. Keating, ‘From Tahrir Square to Wall Street’, Foreign Policy, 5/10/2011, https://foreign-policy.com/2011/10/05/from-tahrir-square-to-wall-street/.
96
Jeffrey Hou, ‘(Not) Your Everyday Public Space’, in Hou (ed.), Insurgent Public Space: guerrilla urbanism and the remaking of contemporary cities (London, 2010), pp. 3–5.
97
R. E. Wycherley, The Stones of Athens (Princeton, 1978), pp. 91–2.
98
Judith L. Shear, Polis and Revolution: responding to oligarchy in classical Athens (Cambridge, 2011), pp. 113ff; Gabriel Herman, Morality and Behaviour in Democratic Athens: a social history (Cambridge, 2006), pp. 59ff.
99
Shear, pp. 178ff.
100
Ibid., p. 50.
101
James Watson, ‘The Origin of Metic Status at Athens’, Cambridge Classical Journal, 56 (2010), 259–78.
102
Александрия Оксианская.
103
Justin Pollard and Howard Reid, The Rise and Fall of Alexandria, Birthplace of the Modern World (London, 2006), pp. 1ff, 24–6.
104
Аристофан, «Птицы». Пер. А. И. Пиотровского.
105
5,8 метра.
106
7315 метров.
107
30,48 метра.
108
Dio Chrysostom, Discourses, 32: 36.
109
Fikret K. Yegül, Baths and Bathing in Classical Antiquity (Cambridge, MA, 1995), p. 31.
110
12,2 метра.
111
Richard Guy Wilson, McKim, Mead and White Architects (NY, 1983), pp. 211–12.
112
Garret G. Fagan, Bathing in Public in the Roman World (Ann Arbor, 1999), pp. 34–5.
113
Yegül, p. 30.
114
Ibid., p. 32.
115
Сенека, «Нравственные письма к Луцилию», письмо 86. Пер. С. А. Ошерова.
116
Fagan, p. 317.
117
Janet Smith, Liquid Assets: the lidos and open-air swimming pools of Britain (London, 2005), p. 19.
118
Ronald A. Davidson and J. Nicholas Entrikin, ‘The Los Angeles Coast as a Public Place’, Geographical Review, 95:4 (October 2005), 578–93.
119
Michèle de la Pradelle and Emmanuelle Lallement, ‘Paris Plage: “the city is ours”’, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Sciences, 595 (September 2005), 135.
120
5,63 километра.
121
Peter Ackroyd, Thames: sacred river (London, 2007), p. 339; The Works of the Rev. Jonathan Swift (London, 1801), Vol. 15, p. 62; The Times, 24/6/1865.
122
Pall Mall Gazette, 13/7/1869.
123
Andrea Renner, ‘A nation that bathes together: New York City’s progressive era public baths’, Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, 67:4 (December 2008), 505.
124
Jeffrey Turner, ‘On boyhood and public swimming: Sidney Kingsley’s Dead End and representations of underclass street kids in American cultural production’, in Caroline F Levander and Carol J. Singley (eds.), The American Child: a cultural studies reader (New Brunswick, 2003); Marta Gutman, ‘Race, place, and play: Robert Moses and the WPA swimming pools in New York City’, Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, 67:4 (December 2008), 536.
125
Marta Gutman, ‘Equipping the public realm: rethinking Robert Moses and recreation’, in Hilary Ballon and Kenneth T. Jackson (eds.), Robert Moses and the Modern City: the transformation of New York (NY, 2007).
126
Gutman (2008), 540; Smith, Liquid Assets, p. 30.
127
Jeff Wiltse, Contested Waters: a social history of swimming pools in America (Chapel Hill, 2007), p. 94.
128
Edwin Torres, Carlito’s Way: rise to power (NY, 1975), pp. 4–6.
129
Fagan, p. 32.
130
Jeremy Hartnett, The Roman Street: urban life and society in Pompeii, Herculaneum, and Rome (Cambridge, 2017), p. 1.
131
Juvenal, Satire, III:190–204.
132
Cicero, Ad Attica, 14.9; Strabo, V: III, 235; Mary Beard, SPQR: a history of ancient Rome (London, 2015), pp. 455ff; Jerry Toner, Popular Culture in Ancient Rome (Cambridge, 2009), pp. 109ff.
133
Стадион в пригороде Парижа Сен-Дени.
134
Louise Revell, ‘Military bathhouses in Britain: a comment’, Britannia, 38 (2007), 230–7.
135
Ian Blair et al., ‘Wells and bucket-chains: unforeseen elements of water supply in early Roman London’, Britannia, 37 (2006).
136
Fagan, p. 188; Piers D. Mitchell, ‘Human parasites in the Roman world: health consequences of conquering an empire’, Parasitology, 144:1 (January 2017), 48–58; A. M. Devine, ‘The low birth-rate in ancient Rome: a possible contributing factor’, Rheinisches Museum für Philologie (1985), 313ff.
137
David Frye, ‘Aristocratic responses to late Roman urban change: the examples of Ausonius and Sidonius in Gaul’, Classical World, 96:2 (Winter 2003), 185–96.
138
Yegül, p. 314.
139
Matthew Kneale, Rome: a history in seven sackings (London, 2017), p. 40.
140
Ibid., pp. 94–5.
141
Калька с английского skinship.
142
Дау – название арабских судов с косым парусным вооружением.
143
20 278 километров.
144
Regina Krahl, John Guy, J. Keith Wilson and Julian Raby (eds.), Shipwrecked: Tang treasures and monsoon winds (Singapore, 2010); Alan Chong and Stephen A. Murphy, The Tang Shipwreck: art and exchange in the 9th century (Singapore, 2017).
145
See Krahl et al., and Chong and Murphy.
146
Али ибн Абу-Талиб умер в 661 году, задолго до основания Багдада, так что неясно, кому принадлежит цитата.
147
Justin Marozzi, Baghdad: city of peace, city of blood (London, 2014), p. 92.
148
Hugh Kennedy, ‘From Polis to Madina: urban change in late antiquity and early Islamic Syria’, Past and Present, 106 (February 1985), 3–27.
149
Ibid.; Besim Hakim, ‘Law and the City’, in Salma K. Jayyusi (ed.), The City in the Islamic World (Leiden, 2008), pp. 71–93.
150
Marozzi, p. 92.
151
Lincoln Paine, The Sea and Civilisation: a maritime history of the world (London, 2015), p. 265.
152
Xinru Liu, The Silk Road in World History (Oxford, 2010), p. 101.
153
Nawal Nasrallah, Annals of the Caliphs’ Kitchens: Ibn Sayyar al-Warraq’s tenth-century Baghdadi cookbook (Boston, MA, 2007), p. 35.
154
David Waines, ‘“Luxury foods” in medieval Islamic societies’, World Archaeology, 34:3 (February 2003), 572.
155
International Labour Office, Women and Men in the Informal Sector: a statistical picture (Geneva, 2002); ‘Mumbai Street Vendors’, Guardian, 28/11/2014; Henry Mayhew, London Labour and the London Poor (4 vols; London, 1861–2) Vol. I, pp. 160, 165.
156
Omiko Awa, ‘Roasted Corn: satisfying hunger returns good profit’, Guardian (Nigeria), 21/9/2015.
157
Mayhew, Vol. I, p. 158.
158
Charles Manby Smith, Curiosities of London Life; or, phrases, physiological and social of the great metropolis (London, 1853), p. 390.
159
Пер. Е. Ланна и А. Кривцовой.
160
Teju Cole, Every Day is for the Thief (London, 2015), p. 57.
161
S. Frederick Starr, Lost Enlightenment: central Asia’s golden age from the Arab conquest to Tamerlane (Princeton, 2013), pp. 132ff.
162
Marozzi, p. 65.
163
Starr, pp. 167ff.
164
Ibid., pp. 37ff, 62ff.
165
Georgina Herman and Hugh N. Kennedy, Monuments of Merv: traditional buildings of the Karakum (London, 1999) p. 124.
166
Starr, pp. 28–9.
167
Англ. gibberish от Geber.
168
Ibid., pp. 162–3.
169
Hyunhee Park, Mapping the Chinese and Islamic Worlds: cross-cultural exchange in pre-modern Asia (Cambridge, 2012), p. 77.
170
Glen Dudbridge, ‘Reworking the World System Paradigm’, Past and Present, 238, Supplement 13 (November 2018), 302ff.
171
Pius Malekandathil, Maritime India: trade, religion and polity in the Indian Ocean (Delhi, 2010), pp. 39ff.
172
Paine, p. 273.
173
Более 19 тыс. километров.
174
Ibid., p. 306.
175
Kanakalatha Mukund, Merchants of Tamilakam: pioneers of international trade (New Delhi, 2012), pp. 164–6.
176
Dashu Qin and Kunpeng Xiang, ‘Sri Vijaya as the entrepôt for circum-Indian Ocean trade: evidence from documentary records and materials from shipwrecks of the 9th—10th centuries’, Étudies Océan Indien, 46–7 (2011).
177
Более 6400 километров.
178
Horst Boog, The Global War: Germany and the Second World War, Vol. VI (Oxford, 2015), p. 565.
179
Paine, p. 332; Helmond von Bosau, Slawenchronik, ed. H. Stoob (Darmstadt, 1983); A. Graßmann (ed.), Lübeckische Geschichte (Lübeck, 2008), pp. 1–123; H. Stoob, Lübeck (Altenbeken, 1984).
180
Bosau, p. 304; David Abulafia, The Boundless Sea: a human history of the oceans (Oxford, 2019), p. 424.
181
Peter Johanek, ‘Seigneurial Power and the Development of Towns in the Holy Roman Empire’, in Anngret Simms and Howard B. Clarke (eds.), Lords and Towns in Medieval Europe: the European Historic Towns Atlas Project (London, 2015) p. 142.
182
Roger Crowley, City of Fortune: how Venice won and lost a naval empire (London, 2011), p. 66.
183
O City of Byzantium: annals of Niketas Choniates, trans. Harry J. Magoulias (Detroit, 1984), p. 317.
184
M. Schmidt, Veröffentlichungen zur Geschichte der Freien un Hansestadt Lübeck (Lübeck, 1933), Vol. 12, pp. 42–3; Ernst Deecke, Der Lübeckischen Gesellschaft zur Beförderung gemeinnütziger Thätigkeit (Lübeck, 1939), p. 33.
185
Досл. «Пляска Смерти».
186
Rhiman A. Rotz, ‘The Lubeck uprising of 1408 and the decline of the Hanseatic League’, Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 121:1 (February 1977), 17ff, 24.
187
Ibid., 31.
188
J. Kathirithamby-Wells, ‘The Islamic City: Melaka to Jogjakarta, c.1500–1800’, Modern Asian Studies, 20:2 (1986), 333–51.
189
Johanek, pp. 146–8; Athanasios Moulakis, Republican Realism in Renaissance Florence: Francesco Guicciardini’s Discorso di Logrogno (Lanham, 1998), p. 119.
190
Manuel Eisner, ‘Interactive London Medieval Murder Map’, University of Cambridge: Institute of Criminology (2018), https://www.vrc.crim.cam.ac.uk/vrcresearch/london-medieval-murder-map.
191
«Божественная комедия». Пер. М. Лозинского.
192
Judith B. Sombré (trans.), ‘Hieronymus Munzer: Journey through Spain and Portugal’, http://munzerama.blogspot.com/2017/04/hieronymous-munzer-journey-through.html.
193
Roger Crowley, Conquerors: how Portugal seized the Indian Ocean and forged the first global empire (London, 2015), p. 4.
194
Ibid., p. 19.
195
Ibid., pp. 64–5.
196
William Brooks Greenlee, The Voyage of Pedro Álvares Cabral to Brazil and India (London, 1937), pp. 83–5.
197
Gaspar Corrêa, The Three Voyages of Vasco da Gama, and his viceroyalty (London, 1896), p. 295; Crowley, chapter 7.
198
Crowley, pp. 131ff.
199
Ibid., p. 128.
200
Чуть более 16 километров.
201
Китайская лодка, что служит также домом.
202
Tomé Pires, The Suma Oriental, 2 vols, ed. and trans. Armando Cortesáo (London, 1944), p. 285.
203
Ibid., p. 287.
204
Barry Hatton, Queen of the Sea: a history of Lisbon (London, 2018), pp. 55ff.
205
Annemarie Jordan Gschwend and Kate Lowe, ‘Princess of the Seas, Queen of the Empire: configuring the city and port of Renaissance Lisbon’, in Gschwend and Lowe (eds.), The Global City: on the streets of Renaissance Lisbon (London, 2015).
206
Annemarie Jordan Gschwend, ‘Reconstructing the Rua Nova: the life of a global street in Renaissance Lisbon’, in Gschwend and Lowe (eds.).
207
Hatton, pp. 71ff.
208
Michael Wood, Conquistadors (Berkeley, CA, 2000), p. 53.
209
Georgia Butina Watson and Ian Bentley, Identity by Design (Amsterdam, 2007), p. 74.
210
Anne Goldgar, Tulipmania: money, honour, and knowledge in the Dutch Golden Age (Chicago, 2007), p. 10.
211
William Temple, The Works of Sir William Temple, 2 vols. (London, 1731), Vol. II, p. 60.
212
The Philosophical Writings of Descartes: volume III, the correspondence, trans. John Cottingham, Robert Stoothoff, Dugald Murdoch and Anthony Kenny (Cambridge, 1991), p. 32.
213
Joseph de la Vega, Confusion de Confusiones (Boston, MA, 1957), p. 21.
214
Ibid., p. 11.
215
Ibid., p. 28.
216
R. E. Kistemaker, ‘The Public and the Private: public space in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Amsterdam’, in Arthur K. Wheelock Jr and Adele Seeff, The Public and Private in Dutch Culture of the Golden Age (Newark, 2000), p. 22.
217
Ibid., p. 21.
218
The Travels of Peter Mundy, in Europe and Asia, 1608–1667, ed. Sir Richard Carnac (Temple, 1914), Vol. IV, pp. 70–1.
219
Simon Schama, The Embarrassment of Riches: an interpretation of Dutch culture in the Golden Age (Berkeley, CA, 1987).
220
Bryant Simon, ‘Consuming Third Place: Starbucks and the illusion of public space’, in Miles Orvell and Jeffrey L. Meikle (eds.), Public Space and the Ideology of Place in American Culture (Amsterdam, 2009), pp. 243ff; Howard Schultz and Dori Jones, Pour Your Heart into It: how Starbucks built a company one cup at a time (NY, 1997), p. 5.
221
Jee Eun Regina Song, ‘The Soybean Paste Girl: the cultural and gender politics of coffee consumption on contemporary South Korea’, Journal of Korean Studies, 19:2 (Fall 2014), 429–48.
222
Seyed Hossein Iradj Moeini, Mehran Arefian, Bahador Kashani and Golnar Abbasi, Urban Culture in Tehran: urban processes in unofficial cultural spaces (e-book, 2018), pp. 26ff.
223
W. Scott Haine, ‘“Café Friend”: friendship and fraternity in Parisian working-class cafés, 1850–1914’, Journal of Contemporary History, 27:4 (October 1992), pp. 607–26; W. Scott Haine, The World of the Paris Café: sociability among the French working class, 1789–1914 (Baltimore, 1998), p. 1, 9; Barbara Stern Shapiro and Anne E. Havinga, Pleasures of Paris: from Daumier to Picasso (Boston, MA, 1991), p. 123.
224
John Rewald, History of Impressionism (NY, 1946), p. 146.
225
Rowley Amato, ‘Brokers Are Now Opening their own Coffee Shops in Harlem’, Curbed New York, 16/8/2014, https://ny.curbed.com/2014/8/16/10059746/brokers-are-now-opening-their-own-coffee-shops-in-harlem.
226
Markman Ellis, The Coffee-House: a cultural history (London, 2004), pp. 7–8.
227
Ibid., pp. 29–32; U. Kömecoglu, ‘The Publicness and Sociabilities in the Ottoman Coffee house’, The Public, 12:2 (2005), 5–22; A. Caksu, ‘Janissary Coffee houses in Late Eighteenth-Century Istanbul’, in Dana Sajdi (ed.), Ottoman Tulips, Ottoman Coffee: leisure and lifestyle in the eighteenth century (London, 2007), p. 117.
228
Ellis, pp. 32–3.
229
Ibid., p. 42; Steve Pincus, ‘“Coffee Politicians Does Create”: coffee houses and Restoration political culture’, Journal of Modern History 67:4 (December 1995), 811–12.
230
C. John Sommerville, The News Revolution in England: cultural dynamics of daily information (NY, 1996), p. 77.
231
Pincus, 814–15.
232
Ibid., 824.
233
Ellis, pp. 157–8; Larry Stewart, ‘Other Centres of Calculation, or, where the Royal Society didn’t count: commerce, coffee-houses and natural philosophy in early modern London’, British Journal for the History of Science, 32:2 (June 1999), 133–53.
234
Stewart, 133–53.
235
Pincus, 833.
236
Paul Slack, ‘Material Progress and the Challenge of Affluence in Seventeenth Century England’, Economic History Review, n/s, 62:3 (August 2009), 576–603; Ian Warren, ‘The English Landed Elite and the Social Environment of London c.1580–1700: the cradle of an aristocratic culture?’, English Historical Review, 126:518 (February 2011), 44–74.
237
Farid Azfar, ‘Beastly Sodomites and the Shameless Urban Frontier’, The Eighteenth Century, 55:4 (Winter 2014), 402.
238
Anon, A Trip Through the Town: containing observations on the customs and manners of the age (London, 1735), p. 1.
239
R. H. Sweet, ‘Topographies of Politeness’, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 12 (2002), 356.
240
Ibid., 355–74; Lawrence E. Klein, ‘Coffee house Civility, 1660–1714: an aspect of post-courtly culture in England’, Huntington Library Quarterly, 59:1 (1996), 30–51; Lawrence E. Klein, ‘Liberty, Manners, and Politeness in Early Eighteenth-Century England’, The Historical Journal, 32:3 (September 1989), 583–605;.
241
Markku Peltonen, ‘Politeness and Whiggism, 1688–1732’, The Historical Journal, 48:2 (June 2005), 396–7.
242
Peter Borsay, ‘Culture, Status, and the English Urban Landscape’, History, 67:219 (1982), 12; Lawrence E. Klein, ‘Politeness and the Interpretation of the British Eighteenth Century’, The Historical Journal, 45:4 (December 2002), 886ff; Warren, 49ff.
243
Смысл существования (фр.).
244
‘A Letter from a Foreigner to his Friend in Paris’, The Gentleman’s Magazine, 12, August 1742.
245
Jerry White, London in the Eighteenth Century: a great and monstrous thing (London, 2012), p. 322f.
246
Ben Wilson, Decency and Disorder: the age of cant (London, 2007), p. 17.
247
Англ. «пробирный камень», «оселок», «критерий», «мерило», перевод зависит от содержания книги.
248
Darryl P. Domingo, ‘Unbending the Mind: or, commercialized leisure and the rhetoric of eighteenth-century diversion’, Eighteenth-Century Studies, 45:2 (Winter 2012), 219.
249
White, p. 130.
250
Paul Langford, ‘The Uses of Eighteenth-Century Politeness’, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 12 (2002), 330.
251
[Robert Southey], Letters from England: by Don Manuel Alvarez Espriella, 2 vols. (New York, 1808), Vol. I, p. 39; Helen Berry, ‘Polite Consumption: shopping in eighteenth-century England’, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 12 (2002), 375–94.
252
Ford Madox Ford, Provence: from minstrels to the machine, ed. John Coyle (Manchester, 2009), p. 24.
253
Ellis, pp. 205–6.
254
Ibid., pp. 177–80, 212–14.
255
The Life and Opinions of General Sir Charles James Napier, 4 vols. (London, 1857), Vol. II, p. 57.
256
Alexis de Tocqueville, Journeys to England Ireland (NY, 2003), p. 106; Frederika Bremmer, England in 1851; or, sketches of a tour to England (Boulogne, 1853), p. 15.
257
Frederika Bremmer, The Homes of the New World: impressions of America, 2 vols. (NY, 1858), Vol. I, p. 605.
258
Isabella Bird, The Englishwoman in America (London, 1856), p. 156; Paul Bourget, Outre-Mer: impressions of America (London, 1895), p. 117.
259
De Tocqueville, p. 108.
260
Donald L. Miller, City of the Century: the epic of Chicago and the making of America (NY, 1996), p. 217.
261
Frederic Trautmann, ‘Arthur Holitischer’s Chicago: a German traveler’s view of an American city’, Chicago History, 12:2 (Summer 1983), 42; Miller, p. 493; Simon Gunn, ‘The Middle Class, Modernity and the Provincial City: Manchester c.1840–80’, in Alan Kidd and David Nicholls (eds.), Gender, Civic Culture and Consumerism: middle-class identity in Britain 1800–1940 (Manchester, 1999), pp. 112–13ff.
262
Miller, pp. 301ff.
263
Friedrich Engels, The Condition of the Working Class in England (London, 1958), pp. 61, 63, 64.
264
Дословный перевод Angel Meadow.
265
M. Leon Faucher, Manchester in 1844; its present condition and future prospects (Manchester, 1844), pp. 67–8; John M. Werly, ‘The Irish in Manchester, 1832–49’, Irish Historical Studies, 18:71 (Mar. 1973), 348.
266
Miller, p. 123.
267
Ibid., p. 136; Josiah Seymour Currey, Chicago: its history and builders (Chicago 1912), Vol. III, p. 177.
268
Bubbly (англ.) – пузыристый, шипучий.
269
Miller, p. 122.
270
Gunn, p. 118.
271
Miller, pp. 273ff.
272
Angus Bethune Reach, Manchester and the Textile Districts in 1849 (Rossendale, 1972), p. 61.
273
Andrew Davies, The Gangs of Manchester: the story of scuttlers, Britain’s first youth cult (Preston, 2008), chapter 2.
274
Ibid.; Jenny Birchall, ‘“The carnival revels of Manchester’s vagabonds”: young working-class women and monkey parades in the 1870s’, Women’s History Review, 15 (2006), 229–52.
275
Davies, passim; Mervyn Busteed, The Irish in Manchester, c.1750–1921: resistance, adaptation and identity (Manchester, 2016), chapter 2.
276
M. A. Busteed and R. I. Hodgson, ‘Irish Migrant Responses to Urban Life in Early Nineteenth-Century Manchester’, The Geographical Journal, 162:2 (July 1996), 150.
277
Richard Junger, Becoming the Second City: Chicago’s news media, 1833–1898 (Chicago, 2010), p. 22.
278
Miller, p. 137; Frederic M. Thrasher, The Gang: a study of 1,313 gangs in Chicago (Chicago, 1936).
279
Richard C. Lindberg, Gangland Chicago: criminality and lawlessness in the Windy City (Lanham, 2016), p. 22.
280
James Phillips Kay, The Moral and Physical Condition of the Working Classes Employed in the Cotton Manufacture in Manchester (London, 1832) p. 72.
281
Engels, p. 137.
282
2,1 кв. километра.
283
Zubair Ahmed, ‘Bombay’s Billion Dollar Slum’, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/3487110.stm.
284
Janice E. Perlman, ‘The Metamorphosis of Marginality: four generations in the favelas of Rio de Janeiro’, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 606 (July 2006), 167; Sanni Yaya, Olalekan A. Uthman, Friday Okonofua and Ghose Bishwajit, ‘Decomposing the Rural-Urban Gap in the Factors of Under-Five Mortality Rate in Sub-Saharan Africa? Evidence from 35 countries’, BMC Public Health, 19 (May 2019); Abhijit V. Banerjee and Esther Duflo, ‘The Economic Lives of the Poor’, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 21:1 (Winter, 2007), table 9; The World Bank, ‘Employment in Agriculture’ https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.AGR.EMPL.ZS.
285
Hippolyte Taine, Notes on England (London, 1957), pp. 290ff.
286
John Burnett (ed.), Destiny Obscure: autobiographies of childhood, education and family from the 1820s to the 1920s (London, 1982), p. 107; Frank Norris, The Pit: a story of Chicago (NY, 1920), pp. 149ff.
287
Miller, p. 277.
288
Emma Griffin, Liberty’s Dawn: a people’s history of the industrial revolution (New Haven, 2013), pp. 240ff.
289
Faucher, p. 52.
290
John B. Jentz, ‘The 48ers and the Politics of the German Labor Movement in Chicago during the Civil War Era; community formation and the rise of a labor press’, in Elliot Shore, Ken Fones-Wolf, James P. Danky (eds.), The German-American Radical Press: the shaping of a left political culture, 1850–1940 (Chicago, 1992), pp. 49ff.
291
City of Chicago, Department of Zoning and Planning, ‘Vorwaerts Turner Hall, 2421 W. Roosevelt Rd: final landmark recommendation adopted by the Commission on Chicago Landmarks, September 3 2009’, https://www.chicago.gov/content/dam/city/depts/zlup/Historic_Preservation/Publications/Vorwaerts_Turner_Hall.pdf.
292
Royal L. Melendy, ‘The Saloon in Chicago (II)’, American Journal of Sociology, 6:4 (January 1901), 433–4.
293
Eric L Hirsch, Urban Revolt: ethnic politics in the nineteenth-century Chicago labor movement (Berkeley, Cal., 1990), p. 163.
294
Sandra Burman (ed.), Fit Work for Women (Abingdon, 2013), pp. 100ff.
295
Gertrud Pfister, ‘The Role of German Turners in American Physical Education’, in Pfister (ed.), Gymnastics, a transatlantic movement (Abingdon, 2011); Gerald Gems ‘The German Turners and the Taming of Radicalism in Chicago’, in Pfister (ed.); Gerald Gems, Windy City Wars: labor, leisure, and sport in the making of Chicago (Lanham, 1997).
296
Dagmar Kift, The Victorian Music Hall: culture, class and conflict, trans. Roy Kift (Cambridge, 1996), p. 1.
297
Harvey Warren Zorbaugh, The Gold Coast and the Slum: a sociological study of Chicago’s Near North Side (Chicago, 1929), p. 3.
298
Caroline Wyatt, ‘“Paris Syndrome” strikes Japanese’, BBC News, 20/12/2006, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/6197921.stm; Katada Tamami, ‘Reflections on a case of Paris syndrome’, Journal of the Nissei Hospital, 26:2 (1998), 127–32.
299
Sigmund Freud, Life and Work: the young Freud, 1885–1900, ed. Ernest Jones (London, 1953), p. 200.
300
Emma Willard, Journals and Letters from France and Great Britain (NY, 1833), p. 30.
301
David P. Jordan, Transforming Paris: the life and labors of Baron Haussmann (NY, 1995), pp. 92–3; Victoria E. Thompson, ‘Telling “Spatial Stories”: urban space and bourgeois identity in nineteenth-century Paris’, Journal of Modern History, 75:3 (September 2003), 540.
302
Anon., Ten Years of Imperialism in France: impressions of a Flâneur (London, 1862), p. 30.
303
Harvey Levenstein, Seductive Journey: American tourists in France from Jefferson to the Jazz Age (Chicago, 1998), p. 57; David Harvey, Paris: capital of modernity (NY, 2006), pp. 32–3.
304
Gregory Shaya, ‘The Flâneur, the Badaud, and the Making of a Mass Public in France, circa 1860–1910’, American Historical Review, 109:1 (February 2004), 50; T. J. Clark, The Painting of Modern Life: Paris in the art of Manet and his followers (London, 1990), p. 33.
305
Anna Jameson, Diary of an Ennuyée (Boston, MA, 1833), p. 6; Shaya, passim.
306
И в русском тоже, поэтому оно заимствовано из французского и в английский, и в русский.
307
Christopher E. Fort, The Dreyfus Affair and the Crisis of French Manhood (Baltimore, 2004), p. 107; Honoré de Balzac, The Physiology of Marriage, Part 1, Meditation 3; Charles Baudelaire, The Painter of Modern Life and Other Essays, trans. Jonathan Mayne (NY, 1986), p. 9.
308
Thompson, 532, n.34; Shaya, 51; Balzac, 1:3.
309
Ten Years of Imperialism, preface; Susan Sontag, On Photography (London, 1979), p. 55.
310
Jordan (1995), pp. 50ff, 166–7; David H. Pinkney, ‘Napoleon III’s Transformation of Paris: the origins and development of the idea’, Journal of Modern History, 27:2 (June 1955), 125–34.
311
Patrice de Moncan, Le Paris d’Haussmann (Paris, 2002), p. 28.
312
Jordan (1995), pp. 186ff.
313
Colin Jones, ‘Theodore Vacquer and the Archaeology of Modernity in Haussmann’s Paris’, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 6th series, 17 (2007), 167; Ten Years of Imperialism, p. 7; David P. Jordan, ‘Baron Haussmann and Modern Paris’, The American Scholar, 61:1 (Winter 1992), 105ff.
314
Jordan (1995), pp. 265, 290.
315
Ibid., pp. 198ff.
316
Почти 132 километра.
317
1609 километров.
318
Donald L. Miller, City of the Century: the epic of Chicago and the making of America (NY, 1996), pp. 124–7.
319
Jordan (1995), p. 274.
320
18,2 кв. километра.
321
De Moncan, p. 107.
322
Elaine Denby, Grand Hotels: reality and illusion (London, 1998), p. 84.
323
Michael B. Miller, The Bon Marché: bourgeois culture and the department store 1869–1920 (Princeton, 1981); Meredith L. Clausen, ‘Department Stores and Zola’s “Cathédrale du Commerce Moderne”’, Notes in the History of Art, 3:3 (Spring 1984), 18–23; Robert Procter, ‘Constructing the Retail Monument: the Parisian department store and its property, 1855–1914’, Urban History, 33:3 December 2006), 393–410.
324
Galignani’s New Paris Guide (Paris, 1860), p. 13.
325
Jan Palmowski, ‘Travels with Baedeker: the guidebook and the middle classes in Victorian and Edwardian Britain’, in Rudy Koshar (ed.), Histories of Leisure (Oxford, 2002).
326
London & Partners, ‘London Tourism Report 2014–2015’, https://files.londonandpartners.com/l-and-p/assets/our-insight-london-tourism-review-2014–15.pdf.
327
Pierre Larousse, Grand Dictionnaire Universel (Paris, 1872), Vol. VIII, p. 436.
328
Robert L. Herbert, Impressionism: art, leisure and Parisian society (New Haven, 1988), p. 21.
329
Трещины по красочному слою в масляной живописи.
330
Jordan (1995), p. 348; Clark, pp. 34–5; Herbert, p. 15.
331
Clark, p. 29.
332
Clark, p. 207; Herbert, pp. 33, 58, 66.
333
Ibid., p. 35.
334
Katherine Golsan, ‘The Beholder as Flâneur: structures of perception in Baudelaire and Manet’, French Forum, 21:2 (May 1996), 183.
335
Herbert, pp. 50ff.
336
Clark, p. 253.
337
Ibid., pp. 72ff.
338
Aruna D’Souza and Tom McDonough (eds.), The Invisible Flâneuse? Gender, public space, and visual culture in nineteenth century Paris (Manchester, 2006).
339
Clark, p. 208; Ruth E. Iskin, ‘Selling, Seduction, and Soliciting the Eye: Manet’s bar at the Folie-Bergère’, Art Bulletin 77:1 (Mar. 1995), 35.
340
Британская сеть ресторанов, основана в 1884 году.
341
Markman Ellis, The Coffee-House: a cultural history (London, 2004), pp. 201–11; Krista Lysack, Come Buy, Come Buy: shopping and the culture of consumption in Victorian women’s writing (Athens, OH, 2008), pp. 19ff.
342
Anne Friedberg, ‘Les Flâneurs du Mal (l): cinema and the postmodern condition’, PMLA, 106:3 (May 1991), 425.
343
В библиографии Гаскелл нет такого романа, есть роман «Мэри Бартон».
344
Louis Aragon, Paris Peasant, trans. Simon Watson Taylor (Boston, MA, 1994), p. viii.
345
1,6 на 2,4 километра.
346
The Notebooks of Henry James, eds. F. O. Matthiessen and Kenneth B. Murdock (Chicago, 1947), p. 28.
347
Автор обыгрывает английское словосочетание street walker (в переносном значении «проститутка»).
348
Rebecca Solnit, Wanderlust: a history of walking (London, 2001), p. 204; Mary Higgs, Glimpses into the Abyss (London, 1906), p. 94; Deborah Epstein Nord, Walking the Victorian Streets: women, representation and the city (Ithaca, 1995); Judith R. Walkowitz, City of Dreadful Delight: narratives of sexual danger in late-Victorian London (Chicago, 1992); Lynda Nead, Victorian Babylon: people, streets and images in nineteenth-century London (New Haven, 2000).
349
Janet Wolff, ‘The Invisible Flâneuse: women and the literature of modernity’, in Feminine Sentences: essays on women and culture (Cambridge, 1990); Jane Rendell, Barbara Penner and Iain Borden (eds.), Gender Space Architecture: an interdisciplinary introduction (London, 2000), p. 164.
350
Lily Gair Wilkinson, Woman’s Freedom (London, 1914); Kathy E. Ferguson, ‘Women and the Politics of Walking’, Political Research Quarterly, 70:4 (December 2017), 708–19.
351
Можно перевести как «уличная навязчивость», «уличное преследование», «уличное явление».
352
Janice Mouton, ‘From Feminine Masquerade to Flâneuse: Agnès Varda’s Cléo in the city’, Cinema Journal, 40:2 (Winter 2001), 3–16.
353
Jason M. Barr, Building the Skyline: the birth and growth of Manhattan’s skyscrapers (Oxford, 2016).
354
The Architectural Record, January—March 1899; Henry Blake Fuller, The Cliff-Dwellers, ed. Joseph A. Dimuro (Ontario, 2010), p. 58.
355
Nick Yablon, ‘The Metropolitan Life in Ruins: architectural and fictional speculations in New York, 1909–19’, American Quarterly, 56:2 (June 2004), 308–47.
356
186,5 метра.
357
213,3 метра.
358
241,4 метра.
359
Gail Fenske, The Skyscraper and the City: the Woolworth Building and the making of modern New York (Chicago, 2008), pp. 25ff.
360
Менее 4000 кв. метров.
361
Более 111 млн кв. метров.
362
30 351 кв. метр.
363
Keith D. Revll, Building Gotham: civic culture and public policy in New York City, 1898–1939 (Baltimore, 2003), pp. 185ff.
364
Не опечатка: Manhatta.
365
Готэм-сити – вымышленный город, в котором происходит действие историй о Бэтмене. Может показаться странным, что автор ссылается на газету 1925 года, так как Бэтмен, «Человек – летучая мышь», впервые появился в комиксах в 1939 году, а название Готэм-сити еще позже – в феврале 1941-го. Возможно, все дело в том, что «Готэм» с легкой руки Вашингтона Ирвинга стало одним из прозвищ Нью-Йорка в начале XIX века, а он позаимствовал это слово из английского фольклора, где Готэм – деревня, в которой живут дураки. – Прим. ред.
366
Merrill Schleier, ‘The Empire State Building, Working-class Masculinity, and King Kong’, Mosaic: an interdisciplinary journal, 41:2 (June 2008), 37.
367
Carol Willis, ‘Zoning and “Zeitgeist”: the skyscraper city in the 1920s’, Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, 45:1 (March 1986), 53, 56.
368
H. Ferriss, ‘The New Architecture’, New York Times, 19/3/1922.
369
Kate Holliday, ‘Walls as Curtains: architecture and humanism in Ralph Walker’s skyscrapers of the 1920s’, Studies in the Decorative Arts, 16:2 (Spring—Summer 2009), 50; Daniel Michael Abramson, Skyscraper Rivals: the AIG Building and the architecture of Wall Street (Princeton, 2001), p. 191.
370
Слово curtain обозначает в английском как несущую стену между башнями, так и занавеску.
371
Holliday, 46ff.
372
Ibid., 59, 61–2, 39.
373
James Sanders, Celluloid Skyline: New York and the Movies (London, 2001), p. 106.
374
Ibid., pp. 105ff.
375
Shanghai Star, 11/11/2002.
376
83,8 метра.
377
631,8 метра.
378
Washington Post, 24/3/2015.
379
Deyan Sudjic, The Language of Cities (London, 2017), chapter 3.
380
Alfred Kazin, A Walker in the City (Orlando, 1974), p. 11.
381
‘Bull Market Architecture’, New Republic, 8/7/1931, 192.
382
Дословно «Пустой-Стейт-Билдинг».
383
Gabrielle Esperdy, Modernizing Main Street: architecture and consumer culture in the New Deal (Chicago, 2008), p. 53.
384
Lucy Fischer, ‘City of Women: Busby, Berkeley, architecture, and urban space’, Cinema Journal, 49 (Summer 2010), 129–30.
385
Sanders, p. 97.
386
Ibid., pp. 156ff.
387
Ibid., pp. 161ff.
388
Ibid., pp. 165ff.
389
Ibid., pp. 161ff.
390
400 метров.
391
Paul Goldberger, ‘Robert Moses, Master Builder, is Dead at 92’, New York Times, 30/7/1981.
392
669,5 километра.
393
New York Times, 3/3/1945.
394
В Китае и большинстве стран Юго-Восточной Азии принято считать, что Вторая мировая война началась со вторжения Японии в китайскую Манчжурию в 1931 году. – Прим. ред.
395
W. H. Auden and Christopher Isherwood, Journey to a War (NY, 1972), p. 240.
396
John Faber, Great Moments in News Photography: from the historical files of the National Press Photographers Association (NY, 1960), p. 74.
397
Auden and Isherwood, p. 240.
398
Richard Overy, The Bombing War: Europe 1939–1945 (London, 2013), chapter 1, pp. 19ff.
399
Alexandra Richie, Warsaw 1944: Hitler, Himmler and the crushing of a city (London, 2013), pp. 125ff; Ancient Monuments Society, ‘The Reconstruction of Warsaw Old Town, Poland’, Transactions of the Ancient Monuments Society (1959), 77.
400
Hugh Trevor-Roper, The Last Days of Hitler (London, 1982), p. 81.
401
Joanna K. M. Hanson, The Civilian Population and the Warsaw Uprising of 1944 (Cambridge, 1982), p. 6.
402
T. H. Chylinski, ‘Poland Under Nazi Rule’ (Central Intelligence Agency confidential report, 1941), pp. 49ff.
403
Ibid.
404
Ibid., p. 5.
405
Richie, pp. 133ff.
406
Hanson, p. 23.
407
Ibid., p. 26.
408
Chylinski, p. 10.
409
Ibid., p. 9.
410
Peter Fritzsche, An Iron Wind: Europe under Hitler (NY, 2016), pp. 144, 357.
411
3,37 кв. километра.
412
David Cesarani, Final Solution: the fate of the Jews 1933–49 (London, 2016), p. 333.
413
Ibid., p. 435.
414
Ibid., p. 348.
415
Time, 34:2 (1939), 45.
416
Williamson Murray, Military Adaptation in War: with fear of change (Cambridge, 2011), p. 183.
417
Stephen A. Garrett, Ethics and Airpower in World War II: the British bombing of German cities (London, 1993), pp. 32–3.
418
Overy, pp. 287–8.
419
Быт. 19: 24–25.
420
38,85 кв. километра.
421
Ibid., pp. 337, 433, 436.
422
Ibid., p. 400.
423
Ibid., pp. 172, 478–9.
424
Ibid., pp. 638–9.
425
2,72 килограмма.
426
Max Hastings, Nemesis: the battle for Japan, 1944–45 (London, 2007), p. 320.
427
41,44 кв. километра.
428
Henry D. Smith, ‘Tokyo as an Idea: an exploration of Japanese urban thought until 1945’, Journal for Japanese Studies, 4:1 (Winter 1978), 66ff; Fujii Tadatoshi, Kokubō fujinkai (Tokyo, 1985), pp. 198–203.
429
3,2 км/с.
430
Hiroshima Peace Media Centre, ‘Hiroshima, 70 Years After the Atomic Bomb: rebirth of the city, part 1 (3): “Workers labored to give the city light amid A-bomb ruins”’, http://www.hiroshimapeacemedia.jp/?p=47982; part 1 (4): ‘Workers take pride in uninterrupted water supply’, http://www.hiroshimapeacemedia.jp/?p=47988.
431
Ibid., part 1 (5): ‘Post office workers struggle to maintain mail service in ruined city’, http://www.hiroshimapeacemedia.jp/?p=48210.
432
Пер. Ю. Корнеева.
433
Grigore Gafencu, The Last Days of Europe: a diplomatic journey in 1939 (New Haven, 1948), p. 78.
434
Так у автора. Прозвище Сципион получил, естественно, после окончания войны.
435
Max Hastings, All Hell Let Loose: the world at war 1939–1945 (London, 2011), p. 170.
436
Скрябина Елена Александровна, «Годы скитаний».
437
Ibid., p. 172; Anna Reid, Leningrad: the epic siege of World War II (London, 2011), pp. 167ff, 182ff.
438
Reid, pp. 176ff, 233, 288.
439
241 километр.
440
Anthony Beevor and Luba Vinogradova (eds. and trans.), A Writer at War: Vasily Grossman with the Red Army 1941–1945 (London, 2005), p. 151.
441
Georgii Zhukov, The Memoirs of Marshall Zhukov (London, 1971), p. 353.
442
Fritzsche, pp. 18–19.
443
Cesarani, pp. 340ff.
444
Ibid., pp. 342, 345–6.
445
Ibid., pp. 342, 487.
446
Национальный день траура для евреев, день разрушения Первого и Второго храма.
447
Ibid., pp. 493ff.
448
Ibid., pp. 605ff.
449
Richie, pp. 193–4.
450
Ibid., pp. 241ff.
451
Так у автора.
452
Ibid., pp. 44ff, 249–50, 252ff.
453
Ibid., pp. 275ff, 305ff.
454
49 Ibid., pp. 591–2.
455
Fritzsche, pp. 357–8.
456
Reid, pp. 617ff.
457
Stanislaw Jankowski, ‘Warsaw: destruction, secret town planning, 1939–44, and post-war reconstruction’, in Jeffry M. Diefendorf (ed.), Rebuilding Europe’s Bombed Cities (NY, 1990), pp. 79–80.
458
H. V. Lanchester, ‘Reconstruction of Warsaw’, The Builder (1947), 296; Robert Bevan, The Destruction of Memory: architecture at war (London, 2006), p. 97.
459
Reid, p. 639.
460
Ibid.
461
Beevor and Vinogradova (eds. and trans.), pp. 312–3.
462
Richard J. Evans, ‘Disorderly Cities’, London Review of Books, 35:23 (5/12/2013), 27–9.
463
Jankowski, 79ff; Jerzy Elzanowski, ‘Manufacturing Ruins: architecture and representation in post-catastrophic Warsaw’, Journal of Architecture 15, 2010, 76–9.
464
Marian Nowicki, Skarpa Warszawska 1 (October 1945), cited in Magdalena Mostowska, ‘Post-War Planning and Housing Policy: a modernist architect’s perspective’, European Spatial Research and Policy, 12:2 (2005), 98.
465
Mostowska, 97.
466
André Sorensen, The Making of Urban Japan: cities and planning from Edo to the twenty-first century (Abingdon, 2002), p. 149; C. Hein, J. Diefendorf and I. Yorifusa (eds.), Rebuilding Japan After 1945 (NY, 2003); Matias Echanove, ‘The Tokyo Model: incremental urban development in the post-war city’ (2015), http://www.urbanlab.org/TheTokyoModel-Echanove.02.2015.pdf.
467
«Послание».
468
Marshall Berman, ‘Among the Ruins, New Internationalist, 5/12/1987.
469
Маршалл Берман (1940–2013) – американский философ, гуманист и марксист.
470
Ibid.; Francesca Russello Ammon, ‘Unearthing “Benny the Bulldozer”: the culture of clearance in post-war children’s books’, Technology and Culture, 53:2 (April 2012), 306–7.
471
Мартин Лютер Кинг – лидер движения за гражданские права чернокожих, был убит 4 апреля 1968 года в Мемфисе, штат Теннесси.
472
Conor Friedersdorf, ‘When the Army Planned for a Fight in US Cities’, The Atlantic, 16/1/2018; William Rosenau, ‘“Our Ghettos, Too, Need a Lansdale”: American counter-insurgency abroad and at home in the Vietnam era’, in Celeste Ward Gventer, M. L. R. Smith and D. Jones (eds.), The New Counter-Insurgency Era in Critical Perspective (London, 2013), pp. 111ff.
473
Нас (англ. Nas) – Насир бин Олу Дара Джонс, род. 1973.
474
William Jelani Cobb, To the Break of Dawn: a freestyle on the hip hop aesthetic (NY, 2007) p. 142; https://web.archive.org/web/20110728100004/http://hiphop.sh/juice.
475
Michael Eric Dyson and Sohail Daulatzai, Born to Use Mics: reading Nas’s Illmatic (NY, 2009).
476
NPR interview, ‘Nas on Marvin Gaye’s Marriage, Parenting and Rap Genius’, 20/7/2012, https://www.npr.org/2012/07/22/157043285/nas-on-marvin-gayes-marriage-parenting-and-rap-genius.
477
14,16 кв. километра.
478
D. J. Waldie, Holy Land: a suburban memoir (NY, 2005).
479
Более 225 километров.
480
United States Census Bureau, Patterns of Metropolitan and Micropolitan Population Change: 2000 to 2010 (2012).
481
Martin J. Schiesl, ‘The Politics of Contracting: Los Angeles County and the Lakewood Plan, 1954–1962’, Huntington Library Quarterly, 45:3 (Summer 1982), 227–43.
482
87 000 кв. километров.
483
Более 341 тыс. кв. километров.
484
32 километра.
485
1770 километров.
486
Becky M. Nicolaides, My Blue Heaven: life and politics in the working-class suburbs of Los Angeles, 1920–1965 (Chicago, 2002).
487
Почти 375 километров.
488
72,5 кв. километра.
489
1214 кв. километров.
490
Christopher C. Sellers, Crabgrass Crucible: suburban nature and the rise of environmentalism in twentieth-century America (Chapel Hill, 2012), p. 156.
491
Laura R. Barraclough, ‘Rural Urbanism: producing western heritage and the racial geography of post-war Los Angeles’, Western Historical Quarterly, 39:2 (Summer 2008), 177–80; Catherine Mulholland, ‘Recollections of a Valley Past’, in Gary Soto (ed.), California Childhood: recollections and stories of the Golden State (Berkeley, CA, 1988), p. 181.
492
Англ. Valley girl, то есть «девушка из долины».
493
Wade Graham, ‘The Urban Environmental Legacies of the Air Industry’, in Peter J. Westwick, Blue Sky Metropolis: the aerospace century in Southern California (Los Angeles, 2012); Martin J. Schiesl, ‘City Planning and the Federal Government in World War II: the Los Angeles Experience’, California History, 59:2 (Summer 1980), 126–43.
494
Mark L. Morgan and Mark A. Berhow, Rings of Supersonic Steel: air defenses of the United States Army 1950–1979, an introductory history and site guide (Bodega Bay, 2002), pp. 105ff.
495
Robert Kargon and Arthur Molella, ‘The City as Communications Net: Norbert Wiener, the atomic bomb, and urban dispersal’, Technology and Culture, 45:4 (October 2004), 764–77; Kathleen A. Tobin, ‘The Reduction of Urban Vulnerability: revisiting the 1950s American suburbanization as civil defence’, Cold War History 2:2 (January 2002), 1–32; Jennifer S. Light, From Warfare to Welfare: defense intellectuals and urban problems in Cold War America (Baltimore, 2003).
496
Kenneth Jackson, Crabgrass Frontier: the suburbanization of the United States (NY, 1985), chapter 11; Tom Hanchett, ‘The Other “Subsidized Housing”: Federal aid to suburbanization, 1940s-1960s’, in John Bauman, Roger Biles and Kristin Szylvian (eds.), From Tenements to Taylor Homes: in search of urban housing policy in twentieth-century America (University Park, 2000), pp. 163–79.
497
4,56 метра.
498
Jackson, p. 207.
499
Tobin, 25.
500
Waldie, p. 162; William Fulton, The Reluctant Metropolis: the politics of urban growth in Los Angeles (Baltimore, 1997), p. 10; David Kushner, Levittown: two families, one tycoon, and the fight for civil rights in America’s legendary suburb (NY, 2009), p. 190.
501
Англ. suburbia – дословно нечто «под-урбанистическое», низшее, худшее, чем город.
502
Досл. «Иисус из пригорода».
503
«Пригородные мечты».
504
«Ниггеры с мнением».
505
«Прямиком из Комптона».
506
Josh Sides, ‘Straight into Compton: American dreams, urban nightmares, and the metamorphosis of a black suburb’, American Quarterly, 56:3 (September 2004), 583ff.
507
Richard Elman, Ill at Ease in Compton (NY, 1967), pp. 23–4; Sides, 588.
508
Emily E. Straus, Death of a Suburban Dream: race and schools in Compton, California (Philadelphia, 2014), p. 107.
509
Edward Soja, Rebecca Morales and Goetz Wolff, ‘Urban Restructuring: an analysis of social and spatial change in Los Angeles’, Economic Geography 59 (1983); Sides, 590ff.
510
Judith Fernandez and John Pincus, Troubled Suburbs: an exploratory study (Santa Monica, 1982); Elizabeth Kneebone and Alan Berube, Confronting Suburban Poverty in America (Washington DC, 2013), pp. 8ff; ‘Crime Migrates to the Suburbs’, Wall Street Journal, 30/12/2012.
511
Joan Didion, ‘Trouble in Lakewood’, New Yorker, 19/7/1993; Graham, pp. 263ff.
512
Исп. barrio – городской район, квартал.
513
Edward Soja, Postmodern Geographics: the reassertion of space in critical theory (London, 1989), pp. 197ff; Edward W. Soja, Thirdspace: journeys to Los Angeles and other real and imagined places (Cambridge, MA, 1996); Mike Davies, City of Quartz: excavating the future in Los Angeles (NY, 1990); Roger Waldinger, ‘Not the Promised Land: Los Angeles and its immigrants, Pacific Historical Review, 68:2 (May 1999), 253–72; Michael Nevin Willard, ‘Nuestra Los Angeles’, American Quarterly, 56:3 (September 2004), 811.
514
Timothy Fong, The First Suburban Chinatown: the remaking of Monterey Park, California (Philadelphia, 1994); John Horton (ed.), The Politics of Diversity: immigration, resistance, and change in Monterey Park, California (Philadelphia, 1995); Leland T. Saito, Race and Politics: Asian Americans, Latinos, and whites in a Los Angeles suburb (Chicago, 1998), p. 23; Wei Li, ‘Building Ethnoburbia: the emergence and manifestation of the Chinese ethnoburb in Los Angeles’s San Gabriel Valley’, Journal of Asian American Studies, 2 (1999).
515
Fong, passim; Saito, pp. 23ff.
516
Saito, p. 23.
517
19,9 кв. километра.
518
Wei Li, Ethnoburb: the new ethnic community in urban America (Honolulu, 2009), pp. 103ff, 118, 153; Yu Zhou, ‘Beyond Ethnic Enclaves: location strategies of Chinese producer service firms in Los Angeles’, Economic Geography, 74:3 (July 1998), 228–51.
519
Англ. technoburbs.
520
243 человека на кв. километр.
521
44 400 человек на кв. километр.
522
5400 человек на кв. километр.
523
Denise Lawrence-Zúñiga, ‘Bungalows and Mansions: white suburbs, immigrant aspirations, and aesthetic governmentality’, Anthropological Quarterly, 87:3 (Summer 2014), 819–54.
524
2316 человек на кв. километр.
525
5598 человек на кв. километр.
526
20 077 человек на кв. километр.
527
Christopher Hawthorne, ‘How Arcadia is Remaking itself as a Magnet for Chinese Money’, Los Angeles Times, 3/12/2014.
528
Примерно 186 кв. метров.
529
Примерно 1115 кв. метров.
530
74 километра.
531
Robert Fishman, Bourgeois Utopias: the rise and fall of suburbia (NY, 1987); Joel Garreau, Edge City: life on the new urban frontier (NY, 1991); William Sharpe and Leonard Wallock, ‘Bold New City or Built-up ’Burb? Redefining contemporary suburbia’, American Quarterly 46:1 (March 1994), 1–30; Robert E. Lang and Jennifer Lefurgy, Boomburbs: the rise of America’s accidental cities (Washington DC, 2009).
532
Почти 93 тыс. кв. метров.
533
1 млн 858 тыс. кв. метров.
534
Jim Steinberg, ‘2015 a Big Year for Warehouse Development in the Inland Empire’, San Bernardina Sun, 6/6/2015.
535
Robert Gotttleib and Simon Ng, Global Cities: urban environments in Los Angeles, Hong Kong, and China (Cambridge, MA, 2017).
536
Почти 100 километров.
537
257,5 километра.
538
Elizabeth Becker, ‘2 Farm Acres Lost Per Minute, Study Says’, New York Times, 4/10/2002; A. Ann Sorensen, Julia Freedgood, Jennifer Dempsey and David M. Theobald, Farms Under Threat: the state of America’s farmland (Washington DC, 2018); Farmland Information Centre: National Statistics, http://www.farmlandinfo.org/statistics.
539
Thomas J. Campanella, The Concrete Dragon: China’s urban revolution (NY, 2008), chapter 7.
540
С 321 до 1833 кв. километров.
541
Sellers, pp. 139ff.
542
Более 19 тыс. километров.
543
Jason D Fischer et al., ‘Urbanisation and the Predation Paradox: the role of trophic dynamics in structuring vertebrate communities’, BioScience, 62:9 (September 2012), 809–18; Amanda D. Rodewald et al., ‘Anthropogenic Resource Subsidies Decouple Predator-Prey Relationships’, Ecological Applications, 12:3 (April 2011), 936–43; Alberto Sorace, ‘High Density of Bird and Pest Species in Urban Habitats and the Role of Predator Abundance’, Ornis Fennica, 76 (2002), 60–71.
544
Suzanne Prange, Stanley D Gehrt and Ernie P. Wiggers, ‘Demographic Factors Contributing to High Raccoon Densities in Urban Landscapes’, Journal of Wildlife Management, 67:2 (April 2003), 324–33; Christine Dell’Amore, ‘How Wild Animals are Hacking Life in the City’, National Geographic, 18/4/2016; Christine Dell’Amore, ‘Downtown Coyotes: inside the secret lives of Chicago’s predator’, National Geographic, 21/11/2014; Payal Mohta, ‘“A Double-Edged Sword”: Mumbai pollution “perfect” for flamingos’, Guardian, 26/3/2019; Alexander R. Braczkowski et al., ‘Leopards Provide Public Health Benefits in Mumbai, India’, Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 16:3 (April 2018), 176–82.
545
Menno Schilthuizen, Darwin Comes to Town: how the urban jungle drives evolution (London, 2018); Jean-Nicolas Audet, Simon Ducatez and Louis Lefebvre, ‘The Town Bird and the Country Bird: problem solving and immunocompetence vary with urbanisation’, Behavioral Ecology 27:2 (March—April 2016), 637–44; Jackson Evans, Kyle Boudreau and Jeremy Hyman, ‘Behavioural Syndromes in Urban and Rural Populations of Song Sparrows’, Ethology 116:7 (July 2010) 588–95; Emile C. Snell-Rood and Naomi Wick, ‘Anthropogenic Environments Exert Variable Selection on Cranial Capacity in Mammals’, Proceedings of the Royal Society B 280:1769 (October 2013); E. A Maguire, K Woollett and H. J. Spiers, ‘London Taxi Drivers and Bus Drivers: a structural MRI and neuropsychological analysis’, Hippocampus 16:12 (2006), 1091–101.
546
Schilthuizen; Thomas Merckx et al., ‘Body-Size Shifts in Aquatic and Terrestrial Urban Communities’, Nature 558 (7/5/2018), 113–18.
547
Karen C. Seto, Burak Günerlap and Lucy R. Hutyra, ‘Global Forecasts of Urban Expansion to 2030 and Direct Impacts on Biodiversity and Carbon Pools’, PNAS, 109:40 (October 2012); ‘Hot Spot Cities’ http://atlas-for-the-end-of-the-world.com/hotspot_cities_main.html; B Günderalp and K. C. Seto, ‘Futures of Global Urban Expansion: uncertainties and implications for biodiversity conservation’, Environmental Research Letters 8 (2013).
548
Эфиопия и юг Аравийского полуострова.
549
Seto et al. (2012).
550
Christopher Bren d’Amour et al., ‘Future Urban Land Expansion and Implications for Global Croplands’, PNAS 114:34 (August 2017); Mathis Wackernagel et al., ‘The Ecological Footprint of Cities and Regions: comparing resource availability with resource demand’, Environment and Urbanizaion 18:1 (2006), 103–12.
551
Scott R. Loss, Tom Will, Sara S. Loss and peter M. Marra, ‘Bird-Building Collisions in the United States: estimates of annual mortality and species vulnerability’, The Condor, 116:1 (February 2014), 8–23; Kyle G Horton et al., ‘Bright Lights in the Big Cities: migra-tory birds’ exposure to artificial light’, Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 17:4 (May 2019), 209–14; Laurel E. K. Serieys, Amanda Lea, John P. Pollinger, Seth P. D. Riley and Robert K. Wayne, ‘Disease and Freeways Drive Genetic Change in Urban Bobcat Populations’, Evolutionary Applications, 8:1 (January 2015), 75–92.
552
Greenspace Information for Greater London, ‘Key London Figures’, https://www.gigl.org.uk/keyfigures/; London gov.uk, ‘Biodiversity’, https://www.london.gov.uk/what-we-do/environment/parks-green-spaces-and-biodiversity/biodiversity; Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Cities and Biological Diversity Outlook (Montreal, 2012), pp. 9, 24.
553
Lucy Wang, ‘How the Cheonggyecheon River Urban Design Restored the Green Heart of Seoul’, https://inhabitat.com/how-the-cheonggyecheon-river-urban-design-restored-the-green-heart-of-seoul/.
554
Claire Cameron, ‘The Rise of the City Bee’, https://daily.jstor.org/rise-city-bee-urbanites-built-21st-century-apiculture/.
555
20 996 кв. метров.
556
1,62 кв. километра.
557
Sam Jones, ‘Can Mexico City’s Roof Gardens Help the Metropolis Shrug Off its Smog?’, Guardian, 24/4/2014; Ajuntament de Barcelona, Barcelona Green Infrastructure and Biodiversity Plan 2020, https://ajuntament.barcelona.cat/ecologiaurbana/sites/default/files/Barcelona%20green%20infrastructure%20and%20biodiversity%20plan%202020.pdf; Grace Chua, ‘How Singapore MakesBiodiversity an Important Part of Urban Life’, Citylab, https://www.citylab.com/environment/2015/01/how-singapore-makes-biodiversity-an-important-part-of-urban-life/384799/.
558
Англ. treeconomics.
559
Cities and Biological Diversity, pp. 26, 28; Amy Fleming, ‘The Importance of Urban Forests: why money really does grow on trees’, Guardian, 12/10/2016; International Energy Agency, The Future of Cooling: opportunities for energy-efficient air conditioning (Paris, 2018).
560
Andrew J. Hamilton et al., ‘Give Peas a Chance? Urban agriculture in developing countries. A review’, Agronomy, 34:1 (January 2014), 54ff.
561
Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, FAO Statistical Yearbook 2012 (Rome, 2012), p. 214; Francesco Orsini et al., ‘Urban Agriculture in the Developing World: a review’, Agronomy for Sustainable Development 33:4 (2013), 700.
562
399 кв. километров.
563
Toni Kan, The Carnivorous City (Abuja, 2016), p. 34.
564
David Pilling, ‘Nigerian Economy: why Lagos works’, Financial Times, 24/3/2018; Robert Draper, ‘How Lagos Has Become Africa’s Boom Town’, National Geographic (January 2015); ‘Lagos Shows How a City Can Recover From a Deep, Deep Pit: Rem Koolhaas talks to Kunlé Adeyemi’, Guardian, 26/2/2016; ‘Lagos: the next Silicon Valley’, The Business Year, https://www.thebusinessyear.com/nigeria-2018/nurturing-entrepreneurs/interview; Oladeinde Olawoyin, ‘Surviving the Inner Recesses of a Lagos Danfo Bus’, Premium Times, 17/2/2018.
565
Saskia Sassen, The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo (Princeton, 2001).
566
Economic Intelligence Unit, Ministry of Economic Planning and Budget, ‘The Socio-Economic Costs of Traffic Congestion in Lagos’, Working Paper Series, 2 (July 2013), 7.
567
A. T. Kearney, Digital Payments and the Global Informal Economy (2018), pp. 6, 7; Ifeoluwa Adediran, ‘Mixed Feelings for Lagos Danfo Drivers as Phase-Out Date Approaches’, Premium Times, 15/9/2018.
568
Guardian (Nigeria), 16/7/2017.
569
Victor Asemota, ‘Otigba: the experiment that grew into a tech market’, Guardian (Nigeria), 15/3/2017.
570
Jack Sullivan, ‘Trash or Treasure: global trade and the accumulation of e-waste in Lagos, Nigeria’, Africa Today, 61:1 (Fall 2014), 89–112.
571
T. C. Nzeadibe and H. C. Iwuoha, ‘Informal waste recycling in Lagos, Nigeria’, Communications in Waste & Resource Management 9:1 (2008), 24–30.
572
‘Lapido Market and Audacity of Anarchy’, Guardian (Nigeria), 24/5/2019; Tope Templer Olaiya, ‘Fear Grips Danfo Drivers Ahead of Proposed Ban’, Guardian (Nigeria), 20/2/2017.
573
Adediran; Ifeanyi Ndiomewese, ‘Ethnic Bias and Power Tussle Surround Appointment of New Leadership in Computer Village, Ikeja’, Techpoint Africa, 13/5/2019 https://techpoint.africa/2019/05/13/computer-village-iyaloja/.
574
Раздел географии, опирающийся на описание выдающихся черт местности.
575
Manish Chalana and Jeffrey Hou (eds.), Messy Urbanism: understanding the ‘other’ cities of Asia (Hong Kong, 2016); Rahul Srivastava and Matias Echanove, ‘What Tokyo Can Teach Us About Local Development’, The Hindu, 16/2/2019.
576
Matias Echanove, ‘The Tokyo Model: incremental urban development in the post-war city’ (2015), http://www.urbanlab.org/TheTokyoModel-Echanove.02.2015.pdf; Ken Tadashi Oshima, ‘Shinjuku: messy urbanism at the metabolic crossroads’, in Chalana and Hou (eds.), pp. 101ff.
577
Kisho Kurokawa, New Wave in Japanese Architecture (London, 1993), p. 11.
578
Oshima; Jan Vranovský, Collective Face of the City: application of information theory to urban behaviour of Tokyo (Tokyo, 2016); Zhongjie Lin, Kenzo Tange and the Metabolist Movement: urban utopias of modern Japan (Abingdon, 2010).
579
Echanove (2015); Matias Echanove and Rahul Srivastava, ‘When Tokyo Was a Slum’, Nextcity.org, 1/8/2013, https://nextcity.org/informalcity/entry/when-tokyo-was-a-slum; Matias Echanove and Rahul Srivastava, The Slum Outside: elusive Dharavi (Moscow, 2013).
580
Chinmoy Sarkar, Chris Webster and John Gallacher, ‘Association Between Adiposity Outcomes and Residential Density: a full-data, cross sectional analysis of 419562 UK Biobank adult participants’, Lancet Planetary Health, 1 (October 2017); ‘Inner-City Living Makes for Healthier, Happier People, Study Finds’, Guardian, 6/10/2017.
581
Devajyoti Deka, ‘Are Millennials Moving to More Urbanized and Transit-Oriented Counties?’, Journal of Transport and Land Use, 11:1 (2018), 443–61; Leigh Gallagher, The End of the Suburbs: where the American dream is moving (NY, 2013); Ellen Dunham-Jones and June Williamson, Retrofitting Suburbia: urban design solutions for resigning suburbs (Hoboken, 2009).
582
Vanit Mukhija and Anastasia Loukaitou-Sideris (eds.), The Informal American City: from taco trucks to day labour (Cambridge, MA, 2014); Jake Wegmann, ‘The Hidden Cityscapes of Informal Housing in Suburban Los Angeles and the Paradox of Horizontal Density’, Building’s Landscapes: Journal of the Vernacular Architecture Forum 22:2 (Fall 2015), 89–110; Michael Mendez, ‘Latino New Urbanism: building on cultural preferences’, Opolis: An International Journal of Suburban and Metropolitan Studies (Winter 2005), 33–48; Christopher Hawthorne, ‘“Latino Urbanism” Influences a Los Angeles in Flux’, Los Angeles Times, 6/12/2014; Henry Grabar, ‘Los Angeles Renaissance: why the rise of street vending reveals a city transformed’, Salon.com, 18/1/2015, https://www.salon.com/2015/01/18/los_angeles_food_truck_renaissance_why_the_rise_of_street_vending_reveals_a_city_transformed/; Clara Irzábal, ‘Beyond “Latino New Urbanism”: advocating ethnurbanisms’, Journal of Urbanism, 5:2–3 (2012); James Rojas, ‘Latino Urbanism in Los Angeles: a model for urban improvisation and reinvention’ in Jeffrey Hou (ed.), Insurgent Public Space: guerrilla urbanism and the remaking of contemporary cities (Abingdon, 2010), pp. 36ff.