Brinkmann, H., and H. Philippe. (2007) The Diversity of Eukaryotes and the Root of the Eukaryotic Tree. Adv Exp Med Biol 607: 20–37.
Brisson, D. (2003) The Directed Mutation Controversy in an Evolutionary Context. Crit Rev Microbiol 29: 25–35.
Brochier-Armanet, C., B. Boussau, S. Gribaldo, and P. Forterre. (2008) Mesophilic Crenarchaeota: Proposal for a Third Archaeal Phylum, the Thaumarchaeota. Nat Rev Microbiol 6: 245–252.
Bromham, L., and D. Penny. (2003) The Modern Molecular Clock. Nat Rev Genet 4: 216–224.
Brookfield, J. F. (2009) Evolution and Evolvability: Celebrating Darwin 200. Biol Lett 5: 44–46.
Brouns, S. J., M. M. Jore, M. Lundgren, E. R. Westra, R. J. Slijkhuis, A. P. Snijders, M. J. Dickman, K. S. Makarova, E. V. Koonin, and J. van der Oost. (2008) Small CRISPR RNAs Guide Antiviral Defense in Prokaryotes. Science 321: 960–964.
Bruggeman, F. J., and H. V. Westerhoff. (2007) The Nature of Systems Biology. Trends Microbiol 15: 45–50.
Burger, R., M. Willensdorfer, and M. A. Nowak. (2006) Why Are Phenotypic Mutation Rates Much Higher Than Genotypic Mutation Rates? Genetics 172: 197–206.
Burki, F., K. Shalchian-Tabrizi, and J. Pawlowski. (2008) Phylogenomics Reveals a New «Megagroup» Including Most Photosynthetic Eukaryotes. Biol Lett 4: 366–369.
Bushman, F. (2001) Lateral DNA Transfer: Mechanisms and Consequences. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
Cairns, J., J. Overbaugh, and S. Miller. (1988) The Origin of Mutants. Nature 335: 142–145.
Cairns, J., G. S. Stent, and J. D. Watson, eds. (1966) Phage and the Origins of Molecular Biology, Cold Spring Harbor, NY: CSHL Press.
Carmel, L., Y. I. Wolf, I. B. Rogozin, and E. V. Koonin. (2007) Three Distinct Modes of Intron Dynamics in the Evolution of Eukaryotes. Genome Res 17: 1,034—1,044.
Carroll, L. (1872). Through the Looking Glass and What Alice Found There. London: Macmillan.
Carroll, S. (2010) From Eternity to Here: The Quest for the Ultimate Theory of Time. New York: Penguin.
Carter, B. (1974) Large Number Coincidences and the Anthropic Principle in Cosmology in Confrontation of Cosmological Theories with Observational Data. M. S. Longair, editor. Dordrecht: D. Reidel, pp. 291–298.
Casino, P., V. Rubio, and A. Marina. (2010) The Mechanism of Signal Transduction by Two-Component Systems. Curr Opin Struct Biol 20: 763–771.
Cavalier-Smith, T. (1998) A Revised Six-Kingdom System of Life. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 73: 203–266.
Cech, T. R. (2002) Ribozymes, the First 20 Years. Biochem Soc Trans 30: 1,162—1,166.
Chan, C. X., A. E. Darling, R. G. Beiko, and M. A. Ragan. (2009) Are Protein Domains Modules of Lateral Genetic Transfer? PLoS One 4: e4524.
Chargaff, E. (1978) Heraclitean Fire: Sketches from a Life Before Nature. New York: Rockefeller University Press.
Charlebois, R. L., and W. F. Doolittle. (2004) Computing Prokaryotic Gene Ubiquity: Rescuing the Core from Extinction. Genome Res 14: 2,469—2,477.
Chen, I., P. J. Christie, and D. Dubnau. (2005) The Ins and Outs of DNA Transfer in Bacteria. Science 310: 1,456—1,460.
Cheng, L. K., and P. J. Unrau. (2010) Closing the Circle: Replicating RNA with RNA. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2: a002204.
Chernikova, D., S. Motamedi, M. Csuros, E. V. Koonin, and I. B. Rogozin. (2011) A Late Origin of the Extant Eukaryotic Diversity: Divergence Time Estimates Using Rare Genomic Changes. Biol Direct, in press.
Ciccarelli, F. D., T. Doerks, C. von Mering, C. J. Creevey, B. Snel, and P. Bork. (2006) Toward Automatic Reconstruction of a Highly Resolved Tree of Life. Science 311: 1,283—1,287.
Clapier, C. R., and B. R. Cairns. (2009) The Biology of Chromatin Remodeling Complexes. Annu Rev Biochem 78: 273–304.
Claverie, J. M. (2006) Viruses Take Center Stage in Cellular Evolution. Genome Biol 7: 110.
Collins, L., and D. Penny. (2005) Complex Spliceosomal Organization Ancestral to Extant Eukaryotes. Mol Biol Evol 22: 1,053—1,066.
Cortez, D., P. Forterre, and S. Gribaldo. (2009) A Hidden Reservoir of Integrative Elements Is the Major Source of Recently Acquired Foreign Genes and Orfans in Archaeal and Bacterial Genomes. Genome Biol 10: R65.
Costanzo, G., S. Pino, F. Ciciriello, and E. Di Mauro. (2009) Generation of Long RNA Chains in Water. J Biol Chem 284: 33,206—33,216.
Costanzo, G., R. Saladino, C. Crestini, F. Ciciriello, and E. Di Mauro. (2007) Nucleoside Phosphorylation by Phosphate Minerals. J Biol Chem 282: 16,729—16,735.
Cox, C. J., P. G. Foster, R. P. Hirt, S. R. Harris, and T. M. Embley. (2008) The Archaebacterial Origin of Eukaryotes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105: 20,356—20,361.
Cox, M. M., and J. R. Battista. (2005) Deinococcus Radiodurans — the Consummate Survivor. Nat Rev Microbiol 3: 882–892.
Crick, F. (1970) Central Dogma of Molecular Biology. Nature 227: 561–563.
Crick, F. H. (1958) On Protein Synthesis. Symp Soc Exp Biol 12: 138–163.
Crick, F. H. (1968) The Origin of the Genetic Code. J Mol Biol 38: 367–379.
Csuros, M., and I. Miklos. (2009) Streamlining and Large Ancestral Genomes in Archaea Inferred with a Phylogenetic Birth-and-Death Model. Mol Biol Evol 26: 2,087—2,095.
Csuros, M., I. B. Rogozin, and E. V. Koonin. (2011) Resonstructed HumanLike Intron Density in the Last Common Ancestor of Eukaryotes. PLoS Comput Biol, in press.
D’Herelle, F. (1922). The Bacteriophage; Its Role in Immunity. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins. Dagan, T., and W. Martin. (2006) The Tree of One Percent. Genome Biol 7: 118.
Daly, M. J. (2009) A New Perspective on Radiation Resistance Based on Deinococcus Radiodurans. Nat Rev Microbiol 7: 237–245.
Danchin, A. (2003). The Delphic Boat: What Genomes Tell Us. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ Press.
Darwin, C. (1859) On the Origin of Species. London: Murray. Darwin, C. (1872) Origin of Species. New York: The Modern Library.
