138. Scott Cleland, “Grand Theft Auto-mated,” Forbes, November 30, 2011.
139. Марк Цукерберг, пост на Facebook от 12 ноября 2016 г.
Глава 5. Стражи небесных врат
140. Staci D.Kramer, “Don Graham on the Sale of The Washington Post, Jeff Bezos, and the Pace of Newsroom Innovation,” NiemanLab, August 6, 2013.
141. David Manning White, “The ‘Gate Keeper’: A Case Study in the Selection of News,” Journalism Quarterly 27 (December 1950): 383–90.
142. Walter Lippmann, Liberty and the News (Harcourt, Brace and Howe, 1920), 7.
143. John B. Judis, The Paradox of American Democracy (Pantheon, 2000), 23.
144. Judis, Paradox, 22.
145. Katharine Graham, Personal History (Alfred A. Knopf, 1997), 465.
146. David Halberstam, The Powers That Be (Knopf, 1975), 188.
147. Jeff Bezos, Letter to Amazon shareholders, 2011.
148. Thomas L. Friedman, “Do You Want the Good News First?” New York Times, May 19, 2012.
149. Bezos, Letter, 2011.
150. Bezos, Letter to shareholders, 2011.
151. Jeff Bezos, “Jeff Bezos on Post Purchase,” Washington Post, August 5, 2013.
152. George Packer, “Cheap Words,” New Yorker, February 17, 2014.
153. Stone, Everything, 243.
154. Daniel Lyons, “Why Bezos Was Surprised by the Kindle’s Success,” Newsweek, December 20, 2009.
155. Ben H. Bagdikian, The New Media Monopoly (Beacon Press, 2004), 121.
156. Bagdikian, 16.
157. Wu, Master Switch, 219–21.
158. Robert W. McChesney and John Nichols, The Death and Life of American Journalism (Nation Books, 2010), 152.
159. André Schiffrin, The Business of Books (Verso, 2000), 1.
160. Bennett Cerf, At Random (Random House, 1977), 285.
Глава 6. Тайный совет технологических гигантов
161. Tom Standage, The Victorian Internet (Bloomsbury, 2014), 215.
162. Paul Starr, The Creation of the Media (Basic Books, 2004), 171–73.
163. Starr, 176.
164. Menahem Blondheim, News over the Wires (Harvard University Press, 1994), viii.
165. Blondheim, 151.
166. David Hochfelder, The Telegraph in America, 1832–1920 (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2012), 44.
167. Starr, 177.
168. Wu, Master Switch, 22.
169. Starr, 187.
170. Jonathan Zittrain, “Facebook Could Decide an Election Without Anyone Ever Finding Out,” New Republic, June 1, 2014.
171. Joshua Green, “Google’s Eric Schmidt Invests in Obama’s Big Data Brains,” BloombergBusinessweek, May 31, 2013.
172. “Obama for America uses Google Analytics to democratize rapid, data-driven decision making,” Google Analytics Case Study, 2013.
173. Steve Lohr and David Streitfeld, “Data Engineer in Google Case Is Identified,” New York Times, April 30, 2012; David Streitfeld, “Google Is Faulted for Impeding U.S. Inquiry on Data Collection,” New York Times, April 14, 2012.
174. Robert Epstein, “How Google Could Rig the 2016 Election,” Politico, August 19, 2015; Robert Epstein and Ronald E. Robertson, “The Search Engine Manipulation Effect (SEME) and Its Possible Impact on the Outcomes of Elections,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 33 (August 18, 2015): E4512–21.
175. Les Brown, “Subliminal Ad Pops Up in National TV Promotion,” New York Times, December 27, 1973.
Глава 7. Вирус виральности
176. Greg Bensinger, “Competing with Amazon on Amazon,” Wall Street Journal, July 27, 2012.
177. Jonah Peretti, “Mormons, Mullets, and Maniacs,” New York Viral Media Meetup, August 12, 2010.
178. Michael Schudson, The Sociology of News (W. W. Norton, 2011), 73.
179. John Morton Blum, ed., Public Philosopher: Selected Letters of Walter Lippmann (Ticknor & Fields, 1985), 133–34.
180. Lippmann, Liberty and the News, 5.
181. Robert Darnton, “Writing News and Telling Stories,” Daedalus 104, no. 2 (Spring 1975): 175–94.
182. Taylor, 87.
183. “The Worst Jobs of 2015,” CareerCast.com.
184. Andy Serwer, “Inside the Mind of Jonah Peretti,” Fortune, December 5, 2013.
185. James Fallows, “Learning to Love the (Shallow, Divisive, Unreliable) New Media,” Atlantic, April 2011.
186. “Innovation,” New York Times, March 24, 2014.
187. “Hello again,” Joshua Topolsky blog, July 11, 2015.
188. Andrew Sullivan, “Guess Which Buzzfeed Piece Is An Ad,” The Dish blog, February 21, 2013.
Глава 8. Смерть автора
189. Evan Osnos, “Embrace the Irony,” New Yorker, October 13, 2014.
190. Simon van Zuylen-Wood, “Larry Lessig, Off the Grid,” New Republic, February 5, 2014.
191. Lawrence Lessig, “Laws That Choke Creativity,” TED, March 2007.
192. T. S. Eliot, Selected Essays 1917–1932 (Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1932), 182.
193. Taylor, 23.
194. Robert Levine, Free Ride (Doubleday, 2011), 84.
195. Clay Shirky, Cognitive Surplus (Penguin, 2010), 82.
196. Thomas L. Friedman, “Collaborate vs. Collaborate,” New York Times, January 12, 2013.
197. Thomas Aquinas, Basic Writings of St. Thomas Aquinas, vol. 1, ed. Anton C. Pegis (Random House, 1945), 312.
198. Mark Rose, Authors and Owners (Harvard University Press, 1993), 18.
199. Percy Lubbock, ed., The Letters of Henry James: Volume 1 (Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1920), 424.
200. William Wordsworth, The Poems of William Wordsworth (Methuen and Co., 1908), 516.
201. Martha Woodmansee and Peter Jaszi, eds., The Construction of Authorship (Duke University Press, 1994), 5.
202. Siva Vaidhyanathan, Copyrights and Copywrongs (New York University Press, 2001), 50.
203. Vaidhyanathan, 45.
204. Robert Spoo, Without Copyrights (Oxford University Press, 2013), 42.
205. Jenny Hartley, ed., The Selected Letters of Charles Dickens (Oxford University Press, 2012), 96.
206. Rudyard Kipling, Kipling’s America: Travel Letters, 1889–1895, ed. D. H. Stewart (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003), xx.
207. Henry Holt, “The Commercialization of Literature,” Atlantic Monthly, November 1905.
208. Frederick Anderson, Lin Salamo, Bernard L. Stein, eds., Mark Twain’s Notebooks & Journals, Volume II, 1877–1883 (University of California Press, 1975), 414.
