35. Edgeworth, J. A., M. Farmer, A. Sicilia, P. Tavares, J. Beck, T. Campbell, J. Lowe, et al. “Detection of Prion Infection in Variant Creutzfeldt– Jakob Disease: A Blood– Based Assay.” Lancet 377 (2011): 487–93.
36. Jackson, G. S., J. Burk– Rafel, J. A. Edgeworth, A. Sicilia, S. Abdilahi, J. Korteweg, J. Mackey, et al. “A Highly Specific Blood Test for vCJD.” Blood 123 (2014): 452–53.
37. Collinge, J., J. Whitfield, E. McKintosh, J. Beck, S. Mead, D. J. Thomas, and M. P. Alpers. “Kuru in the 21st Century– An Acquired Human Prion Disease with Very Long Incubation Periods.” Lancet 346 (2006): 2068–74.
38. Palmer, M. S., A. J. Dryden, J. T. Hughes, and J. Collinge. “Homozygous Prion Protein Genotype Predisposes to Sporadic Creutzfeldt– Jackob Disease.” Nature 352 (1991): 340–42.
39. Mead, S., M. P. Stumpf, J. Whitfield, J. A. Beck, M. Poulter, T. Campbell, J. B. Uphill, et al. “Balancing Selection at the Prion Protein Gene Consistent with Prehistoric Kurulike Epidemics.” Science 300 (2003): 640–43.
40. Lewis, P. A., M. H. Tattum, S. Jones, D. Bhelt, M. Batchelor, A. R. Clarke, J. Collinge, and G. S. Jackson. “Codon 129 Polymorphism of the Human Prion Protein Influences the Kinetics of Amyloid Formation.” Journal of General Virology 87 (2006): 2443–49.
41. Prusiner, S. “Novel Proteinaceous Infectious Particles Cause Scrapie.” Science 216 (1982): 136–44.
42. Tahiri– Alaoui, A., A. C. Gill, P. Disterer, and W. James. “Methionine 129 Variant of Human Prion Protein Oligomerizes More Rapidly than the Valine 129 Variant: Implications for Disease Susceptibility to Creutzfeldt– Jacob Disease.” Journal of Biological Chemistry 279 (2004): 31390–97.
43. Baskakov, I., P. Disterer, L. Breydo, M. Shaw, A. Gill, W. James, and A. Tahiri– Alaoui. “The Presence of Valine at Residue 129 in Human Prion Protein Accelerates Amyloid Formation.” FEBS Letters 579 (2005): 2589–96.
44. Lasmezasi, C., P. Deslyn, R. Demaimay, K. Adjou, F. Lamoury, D. Dormount, O. Robain, J. Ironside, and J. Hauw. “BSE Transmission to Macaques.” Nature 381 (1996): 743–44.
45. Aguzzi, A., and C. Weissmann. “A Suspicious Signature.” Nature 383 (1996): 666–67.
46. O’Brien, C. “Protein Test Favors BSE – CJD Link.” Science 274 (1996): 721.
47. Collinge, J., K. Sidle, J. Meads, J. Ironside, and A. Hill. “Molecular Analysis of Prion Strain Variation and the Aetiology of ‘New Variant’ CJD.” Nature 383 (1996): 685–90.
48. McNeil, D. G., Jr. “US Reduces Testing for Mad Cow Disease, Citing Few Infections.” New York Times, July 21, 2006.
49. Stocklow, S. “US Falls Behind in Tracking Cattle to Control Disease.” Wall Street Journal, June 21, 2006.
50. Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences. Advancing Prion Science: Guidance for the National Prion Research Program. Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2003.
51. “Creekstone Farms to Pursue Right to Test for Mad Cow Disease Despite USDA Opposition.” Progressive Grocer, June 1, 2007.
52. “BSE.” World Health Organization, 2002. https://www.cdc.gov/ prions/bse.
53. Williams, E. S., and S. Young. “Chronic Wasting Disease of Captive Mule Deer: A Spongiform Encephalopathy.” Journal of Wildlife Diseases 16 (1980): 89–98.
54. Williams, E. S., and S. Young. “Spongiform Encephalopathy of Rocky Mountain Elk.” Journal of Wildlife Diseases 18 (1982): 465–71.
55. Williams, E. S., and M. W. Miller. “Chronic Wasting Disease in Deer and Elk in North America.” Revue Scientifique et Technique 21 (2002): 305–16.
56. McWhirter, C. “Fears Rise about Fatal Deer Illness.” Wall Street Journal, February 8, 2019.
57. Caughey, B., G. J. Raymond, D. A. Kocisko, and P. T. Lansbury. “Scrapie Infectivity Correlates with Converting Activity, Protease Resistance and Aggregation of Scrapie– Associated Prion Protein in Guanidine Denaturation Studies.” Journal of Virology 71 (1997): 4107–10.
58. Caughey, B., and B. Chesebro. “Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies and Prion Protein Interconversions.” Advances in Virus Research 56 (2001): 277–311.
59. Babelhadj, B., M. A. Di Bari, L. Pirisinu, B. Chiappini, S. B. S. Gaouar, G. Riccardi, S. Marcon, U. Agrimi, R. Nonno, and G. Vaccari. “Prion Disease in Dromedary Camels, Algeria.” Emerging Infectious Diseases 24 (2018): 1029–36.
Глава 18. Вирус гриппа: эпидемия, которая будет возвращаться
1. Keegan, J. First World War publisher is knopf: Doubleday.
2. Livesey, A. Great Battles of World War I. New York: Macmillan, 1989.
3. Murphy, B., and R. G. Webster. “Orthomyxoviruses.” In Fields Virology, edited by B. N. Fields, 1397–1446. Philadelphia: Lippincott– Raven, 1996.
4. Beveridge, W. Influenza: The Last Great Plague. New York: Prodist, 1978.
5. Crosby, L. A. Epidemic and Peace, 1918. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1976.
6. Stuart– Harris, C. H., and G. C. Schild. Influenza: The Viruses and the Disease. Littleton, MA: E. Arnold, 1976.
7. Johnson, N. P., and J. Mueller. “Updating the Accounts: Global Mortality of the 1918–1920 Spanish Influenza Pandemic.” Bulletin of the History of Medicine 76 (2002): 105–15.
8. Jester, B., T. M. Uyeki, D. B. Jernigan, and T. M. Tumpey. “Historical and Clinical Aspects of the 1918 H1N1 Pandemic in the United States.” Virology 527 (2019): 32–37.
9. Barry, J. M. “The Site of Origin of the 1918 Influenza Pandemic and Its Public Health Implications.” Journal of Translational Medicine 2 (2004): 3.
10. Barry, J. M. The Great Influenza: The Epic Story of the Deadliest Plague in History. New York: Penguin Books, 2005.
11. Ahmed, R., M. B. A. Oldstone, and P. Palese. “Protective Immunity and Susceptibility to Infectious Diseases: Lessons from the 1918 Influenza Pandemic.” Nature Immunology 8 (2007): 1188–93.
12. Bloomfield, A., Harrop Jr, G. A. “Clinical Observations on Epidemic Influenza.” Johns Hopkins Hospital Bullentin 30 (1919).
13. MacNeal, W. J. “The Influenze Epidemic of 1918 in AEF in France and England.” Archives of Internal Medicine 23 (1919).
14. Slifka, M. K., R. Antia, J. K. Whitmire, and R. Ahmed. “Humoral Immunity due to Long– Lived Plasma Cells.” Immunity 8 (1998): 363–72.
15. Taubenberger, J. K., A. H. Reid, A. E. Krafft, K. E. Bijwaard, and T. G. Fanning. “Initial Genetic Characterization of the 1918 ‘Spanish Influenza Virus.’” Science 275 (1997): 1793–96.
16. Tumpey, T. M., C. F. Basler, P. V. Aguilar, H. Zeng, A. Solórzano, D. E. Swayne, N. J. Cox, et al. “Characterization of the Reconstructed 1918 Spanish Influenza Pandemic Virus.” Science 310 (2005): 77–80.
