4. Недостаток фолатов и витамина А у регулярно пьющих людей способствует более быстрому развитию рака.
5. Генетический код конкретного человека может снижать или увеличивать риск развития рака по сравнению с другими людьми в популяции, выпивающими идентичное количество алкоголя.
6. Крепкие напитки особо опасны, так как именно у них фиксируется высокое содержание этанола, которое в организме метаболизируется в ацетальдегид, являющийся наиболее сильной канцерогенной субстанцией.
7. Хорошая гигиена рта помогает снижать токсичный эффект алкоголя на клетки ротовой полости и горла.
Список литературы (глава 6)
1. Allen NE, Beral V, Casabonne D, et al. Moderate alcohol intake and cancer incidence in women. J Natl Cancer Inst 2009; 101: 296.
2. Seitz HK, Stickel F. Molecular mechanisms of alcohol-mediated carcinogenesis. Nat Rev Cancer 2007; 7: 599.
3. World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research. Food, Nutrition, Physical activity, and the prevention of cancer: a global perspective. Washington, DC: AICR 2007.
4. IARC 2012. Personal habits and indoor combustions. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum, 100E: 1–575.
5. IARC 2010. Alcohol consumption and ethyl carbamate. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum, 96: 1–1428.
6. Cho E, Smith-Warner SA, Ritz J, van den Brandt PA, Colditz GA, Folsom AR, Freudenheim JL, Giovannucci E, Goldbohm RA, Graham S, Holmberg L, Kim DH, Malila N, Miller AB, Pietinen P, Rohan TE, Sellers TA, Speizer FE, Willett WC, Wolk A, Hunter DJ. Alcohol intake and colorectal cancer: a pooled analysis of 8 cohort studies.Ann Intern Med 2004; 140(8): 603–613.
7. Otani T, Iwasaki M, Yamamoto S, et al. Alcohol consumption, smoking, and subsequent risk of colorectal cancer in middle-aged and elderly Japanese men and women: Japan Public Health Center-based prospective study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2003; 12(12): 1492–1500.
8. Wakai K, Kojima M, Tamakoshi K, et al. Alcohol consumption and colorectal cancer risk: findings from the JACC Study. J Epidemiol 2005; 15(2): S173–S179.
9. Akhter M, Kuriyama S, Nakaya N, et al. Alcohol consumption is associated with an increased risk of distal colon and rectal cancer in Japanese men: the Miyagi Cohort tudy. Eur J Cancer 2007; 43(2): 383–390.
10. Shimizu N, Nagata C, Shimizu H, et al. Height, weight, and alcohol consumption in relation to the risk of colorectal cancer in Japan: a prospective study. Br J Cancer 2003; 88(7): 1038–1043.
11. Fedirko V, Tramacere I, Bagnardi V, Rota M, Scotti L, Islami F, Negri E, et al. Alcohol drinking and colorectal cancer risk: an overall and dose-response meta-analysis of published studies. Annals of Oncology 2011; 22: 1958–1972.
12. Lamu L. Etude de statistique Clinique de 131 cas de cancer de`l oesophage et du cardia. Archives des Maladie Digestifs et de Malnutrition 1910; 4: 451–456.
13. Tuyns A. Alcohol and cancer. Alcohol: Health and Research World 1978; 2: 20–31.
14. Tuyns A. Oesophageal cancer in non-smoking drinkers and in non-drinking smokers. International Journal of Cancer 1983; 32: 443–444.
15. Bruguere J, Guenel P, Leclerc A, Rodriguez J. Differential effects of tobacco and alcohol in cancer of the larynx, pharynx, and mouth. Cancer 1986; 57: 391–397.
16. Maier H, Dietz A, Zielinski D, Junemann K and Heller W. Risikofaktoren bei Patienten mit Plattenepithelkarcinomen der Mundhohle, des Oropharynx, des Hypopharynx und des Larynx. Deutche Medizinishe Wochenschrift 1990; 115: 843–850.
17. Doll R, Forman D and La Vecchia. Alcoholic beverages and cancers of the digestive tract and larynx. In Health Issues Related to Alcohol Consumption, 2nd edn, Mac Donald I, ed, pp: 351–393. MPG Books, Bodmin, Cornwall.
18. Bofetta P, Garfinkel L. Alcohol drinking and mortality among men enrolled in an American Cancer Society prospective study. Epidemiology 1990; 1: 342–348.
19. Oka H, Kurioka N, Kim K, Kanno T, Kuroki T, Mizogucchi Y, and Kokayashi K. Prospective study of early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma: relation to hepatitis B surface antigen carriage. Cancer 1990; 49: 672–680.
20. Simonetti R, Liberati A, Angiolini C, Pagliaro L. Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: a systemic review of randomized controlled trials. Annals of Oncology 1997; 8: 117–136.
21. Carselmann W, Alt M. Hepatitis C virus infection as a major rik factor for hepatocellular carcinoma. Journal of Hepatology 1996; 24: 61–66.
22. Seitz H, Pochl G, Simanowski U. Alcohol and cancer. In Recent Developments in Alcoholism: the consequence of alcoholism 1998, Galanter M, ed, pp: 67–96. Plenum Press, New York, London.
23. Kuper A, Tzonou A, Kaklamani E. Tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption and their interaction in the causation of hepatocellular carcinoma. International Journal of Cancer 2000; 85: 498–502.
24. Inouie H, Seitz H. Viruses and alcohol in the pathogenesis of primary hepatic carcinoma. European Journal of Cancer Prevention 2001; 10: 1–4.
25. Rohan T, Jain M, Howe G, Miller A. Alcohol consumption and risk of breast cancer: a cohort study. Cancer Causes and Control 2000; 11: 239–247.
26. Bowlin S, Lekse M, Varma A, Nasca P, Weinstein A and Caplan L. Breast cancer risk and alcohol consumption: results from a large case-control study. International Joirnal of Epidemiology 1997; 26: 915–923.
27. Colditz G. Epidemiology of breast cancer: findings from the nurses health study. Cancer 1993; 71: 1480–1489.
28. Feigelson H, Calle E, Robertson A, Wingo P, Thun M. Alcohol consumption increases risk of fatal breast cancer. Cancer Causes and Control 2001; 12: 895–902.
29. Fridenreich C, Howe G, Miller A, Jain M. A cohort study of alcohol consumption and risk of breast cancer. American Journal of Epidemiology 1993; 137: 512–520.
30. Longnecker M. Alcoholic beverages consumption in relation to risk of breast cancer: meta-analysis and review. Cancer Causes and Control 1994; 5: 73–82.
31. Poschl G, Seitz HK. Alcohol and cancer. Alcohol&Alcoholism 2004, Vol 39, N3, pp 155–156.
32. Maier H, Born I A, Veith S, Adler D, Seitz HK. The effect of chronic ethanol consumption on salivary gland morphology and function in the rat. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 1986; 10: 425–427.