4. Вирусы гепатита В и С очень опасны, так как вызывают беcсимптомное хроническое воспаление печени, что ведет к циррозу (смерть от печеночной недостаточности) и/или раку печени. Главный источник инфицирования – зараженная кровь. Потенциальные источники заражения – зубоврачебные кабинеты, салоны для нанесения татуировок, маникюр и педикюр, а также медицинские учреждения, где можно случайно уколоться инфицированной иглой. Наркоманы находятся в повышенной зоне риска, так как многоразово используют шприцы.
5. Паразитарные инфекции – описторхоз и клонорхоз – способны вызывать рак печени и желчевыводящих путей в случае хронической нелеченной инфекции. Заражение происходит с употреблением плохо обработанной рыбы (сырая, полусырая, недосоленая). Опасные районы – Казахстан, Лаос и Тайланд.
6. Нелеченная паразитарная инфекция, вызываемая мочеполовым шистосомозом, вызывает развитие рака мочевого пузыря. Заражение происходит в момент купания – личинка паразита пробуравливает кожу, заселяя организм. Опасные районы для заражения – Египет и Африка.
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