Lewis, Catherine C. “The Effects of Parental Firm Control: A Reinterpretation of Findings.” Psychological Bulletin 90 (1981): 547–563.
Lichtenstein, Nelson. “What Happened to the Working Class?” New York Times, 7 September 1992: 19.
Lickona, Thomas. Educating for Character. How Our Schools Can Teach Respect and Responsibility. New York: Bantam, 1991.
Light, Richard J. The Harvard Assessment Seminars: Explorations with Students and Faculty About Teaching, Learning, and Student Life. 2d report. Cambridge: Harvard University, 1992.
Lincoln, Ann, and Saralea Chazan. “Perceived Competence and Intrinsic Motivation in Learning Disability Children.” Journal of Clinical Child Psychology 8 (1979): 213–216.
Linden, Dana Wechsler. “Incentivize Me, Please.” Forbes, 27 May 1991: 208–212.
Lipsey, Richard G., Peter O. Steiner, and Douglas D. Purvis. Economics. 8th ed. New York: Harper &Row, 1987.
Lloyd, Jean, and Lloyd Barenblatt. “Intrinsic Intellectuality: Its Relations to Social Class, Intelligence, and Achievement.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 46 (1984): 646–654.
Locke, Edwin A. “Toward a Theory of Task Motivation and Incentives.” Organizational Behavior and Human Performance 3 (1968): 157–189.
Loden, Marilyn. Feminine Leadership; or How to Succeed in Business Without Being One of the Boys. New York: Times Books, 1985.
Loveland, Kathryn Kernodle, and J. Gregory Olley. “The Effect of External Reward on Interest and Quality of Task Performance in Children of High and Low Intrinsic Motivation.” Child Development 50 (1979): 1207–1210.
Lovett, Herbert. Cognitive Counseling and Persons with Special Needs: Adapting Behavioral Approaches to the Social Context. New York: Praeger, 1985.
Luce, Sally R. “Paying for Performance.” Canadian Business Review 10 (1983): 19–22.
Luster, Tom, Kelly Rhoades, and Bruce Haas. “The Relation Between Parental Values and Parenting Behavior.” Journal of Marriage and the Family 51 (1989): 139–147.
Luyten, Herman, and Willy Lens. “The Effect of Earlier Experience and Reward Contingencies on Intrinsic Motivation.” Motivation and Emotion 5 (1981): 25–36.
Mac Iver, Douglas. “Classroom Factors and Student Characteristics Predicting Students’ Use of Achievement Standards During Ability Self-Assessment.” Child Development SB (1987): 1258–1271.
Madden, Lowell. “Do Teachers Communicate with Their Students as if They Were Dogs?” Language Arts 65 (1988): 142–146.
Maehr, Martin L, and William M. Stallings. “Freedom from External Evaluation.” Child Development 43 (1972): 177–185.
“Main Fault of Parents in Raising Children.” Gallup Report no. 229, October 1984: 28.
Maister, David H. “Lockstep and the Power of Social Control.” American Lawyer, September 1994: 48–49.
Mallick, Shahbaz Khan, and Boyd R. McCandless. “A Study of Catharsis of Aggression.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 4 (1966): 591–596.
Malone, Thomas W., and Mark R. Lepper. “Making Learning Fun: A Taxonomy of Intrinsic Motivations for Learning.” In Aptitude, Learning, and Instruction, vol. 3: Conative and Affective Process Analyses, edited by Richard E. Snow and Marshall J. Farr. Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum, 1987.
Mansbridge, Jane J. Beyond Adversary Democracy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1983.
Mansbridge, Jane J. ed. Beyond Self-interest. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990.
Margulies, Newton, and Stewart Black. “Perspectives on the Implementation of Participative Approaches.” Human Resource Management 26 (1987): 385–412.
Marlow, Edward, and Richard Schilhavy. “Expectation Issues in Management by Objectives Programs.” Industrial Management 33 (1991): 29–32.
Marshall, Hermine H. “Beyond ‘I Like the Way…’” Young Children, January 1995: 26–28.
Marshall, Hermine H. “Motivational Strategies of Three Fifth-Grade Teachers.” Elementary School Journal 88 (1987): 135–150.
Martin, David L. “Your Praise Can Smother Learning.” Learning, February 1977: 43–51.
Mawhinney, Thomas C. “Decreasing Intrinsic ‘Motivation’ with Extrinsic Rewards: Easier Said Than Done.” Journal of Organizational Behavior Management 11 (1990): 175–191.
Mawhinney, Thomas G, Alyce M. Dickinson, and Lewis A Taylor HI. “The Use of Concurrent Schedules to Evaluate the Effects of Extrinsic Rewards on ‘Intrinsic Motivation.’” Journal of Organizational Behavior Management 10 (1989): 109–129.
McCaslin, Mary, and Thomas L. Good. “Compliant Cognition: The Misalliance of Management and Instructional Goals in Current School Reform.” Educational Researcher, April 1992: 4–17.
McClain, Dylan Loeb. “Tricks for Varying the Pay to Motivate the Ranks.” New York Times, 15 November 1998: 3, 5.
McCormack, Mark H. “The Case Against Commissions.” Sales and Marketing Management, February 1994: 47–48.
McCormick, Kenelm F. “Attitudes of Primary Care Physicians Toward Corporal Punishment.” Journal of the American Medical Association 267 (1992): 3161–3165.
McCullers, John C. “Issues in Learning and Motivation.” In The Hidden Costs of Rewards: New Perspectives on the Psychology of Human Motivation, edited by Mark R. Lepper and David Greene. Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum, 1978.
McCullers, John C, Richard A. Fabes, and James D. Moran HI. “Does Intrinsic Motivation Theory Explain the Adverse Effects of Rewards on Immediate Task Performance.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 52 (1987): 1027–1033.
McCullers, John C, and Judith A. Gardiner Martin. “A Reexamination of the Role of Incentive in Children’s Discrimination Learning.” Child Development 42 (1971): 827–837.
McGraw, Kenneth O. “The Detrimental Effects of Reward on Performance: A Literature Review and a Prediction Model.” In The Hidden Costs of Rewards: New Perspectives on the Psychology of Human Motivation, edited by Mark R. Lepper and David Greene. Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum, 1978.
McGraw, Kenneth O., and Jirina Fiala. “Undermining the Zeigarnik Effect: Another Hidden Cost of Reward.” Journal of Personality 50 (1982): 58–66.
McGraw, Kenneth O., and John C. McCullers. “Evidence of a Detrimental Effect of Extrinsic Incentives on Breaking a Mental Set.” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 15 (1979): 285–294.
McGregor, Douglas. The Human Side of Enterprise. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1960.
