51 PRO FO 800/100, Grey to Asquith, 16 April 1911. “Я не знал, что они [военные эксперты] решили. Предполагалось, что у правительства развязаны руки, а военные должны знать, что им делать, если получат приказ”.
52 PRO CAB 16/5 XL/A/035374, CID paper E-3, 27 Nov. 1908; CID Sub-committee on the military needs of the Empire, 3 Dec. 1908; 2nd meeting, 17 Dec. 1908; CID paper E-8 (II), Admiralty memorandum, 4 Feb. 1909; CID paper E-11 (B), Note by the General Staff, 5 March 1909; 3rd meeting, 23 March 1909. Ср.: Howard, Continental Commitment, p. 46; d’Ombrain, War Machinery, pp. 93ff, 103; Mackay, Fisher of Kilverstone, pp. 405ff.
53 PRO CAB 38/19/50, Churchill memorandum on “the military aspect of the continental problem”, 1 Aug. 1911. В мемуарах Черчилль утверждал, что “военные” (а не он сам) “переоценили мощь французской армии”. См.: Churchill, W. S., World Crisis, vol. I, p. 59.
54 PRO CAB 38/19/47, General Staff memorandum on “the military aspect of the continental problem”, 15 Aug. 1911.
55 PRO CAB 2/2, CID, minutes of the 114th meeting, 23 August 1911. Ср.: Collier, Brasshat, pp. 117–121.
56 PRO CAB 38/19/48, Admiralty comments on “military aspect of the continental problem”, 21 Aug. 1911; PRO CAB 2/2, CID, minutes of the 114th meeting, 23 Aug. 1911.
57 Ibid. Ср.: Hankey, Supreme Command, vol. I, p. 81; Nicolson, Edwardian England, p. 149; d’Ombrain, War Machinery, p. 102; French, D., British Economic and Strategic Planning, pp. 32ff; Wilson, K. Policy of the Entente, p. 64.
58 Mackintosh, Committee of Imperial Defence, p. 499.
59 Hankey, Supreme Command, vol. I, p. 82; d’Ombrain, War Machinery, p. 108; Offer, First World War, p. 295.
60 Wilson, K., Policy of the Entente, p. 123.
61 Ibid., pp. 65–68; Hankey, Supreme Command, vol. I, p. 77; Offer, First World War, p. 296.
62 PRO CAB 2/3, CID meeting, 6 Dec. 1912. Ср.: Lloyd George War Memoirs, vol. I, pp. 30f.
63 Kossmann, Low Countries, p. 435. Ср.: Cammaerts, Keystone of Europe; Johannson, Small State; Thomas, Guarantee of Belgian Independence.
64 Курсив мой. Также см.: PRO FO 800/93, Mallet memorandum, 11 April 1909; PRO FO 800/94, Nicolson to Grey, 4 and 6 May 1912; PRO CAB 2/2, CID meeting, 4 July 1912; PRO FO 800/94, Nicolson to Asquith, Churchill and Grey, 24 July 1912; PRO FO 900/87, Churchill to Grey, 2 Aug. 1912; PRO CAB 41/33/71, Asquith to George V, 21 Nov. 1912; PRO FO 800/62, Grey to Goschen, 28 Oct. 1913. Ср.: Churchill, W. S., World Crisis, vol. I, pp. 112f; Wilson, K., Foreign Office, p. 411; Rowland, Last Liberal Governments, vol. II, pp. 246–250; Hamilton, Great Britain and France, pp. 331f; Steiner, Britain and the Origins of the First World War, p. 104.
65 PRO CAB 41/35/13, Asquith to George V, 14 May 1914; PRO FO 800/55, Bertie to Grey, 28 June 1914; Grey to Bertie, 30 June 1914. Ср.: Grey, Twenty-Five Years, vol. I, pp. 284, 291f.
66 Geiss, Der lange Weg, p. 249.
67 Fischer, F., War of Illusions, pp. 160–165; Berghahn, Germany and the Approach of War in 1914, p. 170; Schulte, Europäische Krise, pp. 17ff, 23–31.
68 Churchill, W. S., World Crisis, vol. I, p. 94.
69 Langhorne, Colonies, pp. 366f.
70 Wilson, K., Policy of the Entente, p. 10; Langhorne, Anglo-German Negotiations, p. 369. См.: Vincent-Smith, Anglo-German Negotiations, pp. 621f.
71 PRO CAB 41/33/71, Asquith to George V, 21 Nov. 1912; PRO FO 800/55, Bertie to Grey, 12 Feb. 1914; Grey to Bertie, 13 Feb. 1914; Grey to Bertie, 4 March 1914. Ср.: Langhorne, Anglo-German Negotiations, pp. 370–385; Vincent-Smith, Anglo-German Negotiations, pp. 623–629. Ср.: Warburg, Aus meinen Aufzeichnungen, pp. 27f; Steiner, Britain and the Origins of the First World War, p. 105.
72 Grey, Twenty-Five Years, vol. I, pp. 117f; Monger, End of Isolation, pp. 266f, 275–278. Это произошло вопреки предупреждению Твидмута, что “приобретение и укрепление Германией марокканских портов будет представлять серьезную угрозу нашему господству на море”. См.: PRO FO 800/87.
73 Lloyd George, War Memoirs, vol. I, pp. 25ff. Ср.: Churchill, W. S., World Crisis, vol. I, pp. 46–50; Grey, Twenty-Five Years, vol. I, pp. 219, 222–240; Asquith, Genesis, pp. 91–95.
74 PRO FO 800/52, Grey to Bertie, 12 July 1911; PRO FO 800/100, Grey to Asquith, 13 July 1911; PRO FO 800/52, Bertie to Grey, 17 July 1911; PRO FO 800/100, Grey to Asquith, 19 July 1911; PRO FO 800/52, Grey to Bertie, 20 July 1911; PRO FO 800/93, Nicolson to Grey, 21 July 1911; PRO FO 800/52, Bertie toGrey, 21 July 1911; PRO FO 800/62, Grey to Goschen, 24 and 25 July 1911; PRO FO 800/52, Grey to Bertie, 28 July 1911; PRO FO 800/62, Grey to Goschen, 8 and 26 Aug. 1911; PRO FO 800/52, Grey to Bertie, 4 Sept. 1911; Bertie to Grey, 6 Sept. 1911; Grey toBertie, 8 Sept. 1911. Обратите внимание и на заявления Грея в Палате общин. См.: Hansard, V, 32, pp. 49–59, 27 Nov. Ср.: Steiner, Britain and the Origins of the First World War, pp. 72–75.
75 Fischer, F., Germany’s Aims, pp. 45f; Grey Twenty-Five Years, vol. I, pp. 272–275; Butterfield, Sir Edward Grey, p. 4.
76 Taylor, A. J. P., Struggle for Mastery, p. 506.
77 Frankfurter Zeitung, 20 Oct. 1913.
78 Rothschild Archive, London (RAL), XI/130A/8, Natty, London, to his cousins, Paris, 16 March 1914.
79 Rosenbaum and Sherman, M. M. Warburg & Co., p. 111.
80 Esposito, Public Opinion, p. 11.
81 Steiner, Britain and the Origins of the First World War, p. 123; Gooch, Soldiers, Strategy and War Aims, p. 23.
82 Pohl, Hamburger Bankengeschichte, p. 110.
83 Ibid., p. 513.
84 Grey, Twenty-Five Years, vol. I, p. 149.
85 Berghahn, Germany and the Approach of War, p. 67; Morris, Scaremongers, pp. 142f.
86 PRO FO 800/92, Grey memorandum, 23 July 1908. Ср.: Lloyd George, War Memoirs, vol. I, p. 7; Taylor, A. J. P., Struggle for Mastery, p. 448; Berghahn, Germany and the Approach of War, p. 68.
87 PRO FO 800/61, Goschen to Grey, 21 Aug. 1909; Grey to Goschen, 23 Aug. 1909; PRO FO 800/100, Asquith to Grey, 25 Aug. 1909; PRO FO 800/93, Hardinge to Grey, 25 Aug. 1909; Mallet to Grey, 26 Aug. 1909; Tyrrell to Grey, 27 Aug. 1909; Drummond to Grey, 29 Dec. 1909; Grey note, 29 Dec. 1909; PRO FO 800/61, Grey toGoschen, 31 Dec. 1909; PRO FO 800/87, Grey to McKenna, 27 Jan. 1910; PRO FO 800/52, Grey to Bertie, 13 April 1910; PRO FO 800/62, Goschen to Grey, 6 Aug. 1910; Grey to Goschen, 11 and 16 Aug. 1910; Goschen to Grey, 19 Aug. 1910; PRO FO 800/100, Grey to Asquith, 21 Oct. 1910; Asquith to Grey, 27 Oct. 1910; PRO FO 800/62, Grey to Goschen, 26 Oct. 1910. Ср.: Sweet, Great Britain and Germany, pp. 229ff.
