19. Cho S et al. The effect of breakfast type on total daily energy intake and body mass index: results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). J Am Coll Nutr. 2003 Aug;22(4):296–302.
20. de la Hunty A, Gibson S, Ashwell M. Does regular breakfast cereal consumption help children and adolescents stay slimmer? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Facts. 2013;6(1):70–85. doi: 10.1159/000348878.
21. Uemura M et al. Breakfast Skipping is Positively Associated With Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Evidence From the Aichi Workers’ Cohort Study. J Epidemiol. 2015;25(5):351—8. doi: 10.2188/jea.JE20140109.
22. Reutrakul S et al. The relationship between breakfast skipping, chronotype, and glycemic control in type 2 diabetes. Chronobiol Int. 2014 Feb;31(1):64–71. doi: 10.3109/07420528.2013.821614.
23. Betts JA, Richardson JD, Chowdhury EA, Holman GD, Tsintzas K, Thompson D. 2014. The causal role of breakfast in energy balance and health: a randomized controlled trial in lean adults. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 100(2): 539–547.
24. Dhurandhar EJ et al. 2014. The effectiveness of breakfast recommendations on weight loss: a randomized controlled trial. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.100(2): 507–513.
25. Versteeg RI, Ackermans MT, Nederveen AJ, Fliers E, Serlie MJ, la Fleur SE. Meal timing effects on insulin sensitivity and intrahepatic triglycerides during weight loss. Int J Obes (Lond). 2018 Feb; 42(2): 156–162.
26. Allan Geliebter et al. 2014. Skipping breakfast leads to weight loss but also elevated cholesterol compared with consuming daily breakfasts of oat porridge or frosted cornflakes in overweight individuals: a randomised controlled trial. Journal of Nutritional Science.10.1017/jns.2014.51.
27. LeCheminant GM, LeCheminant JD, Tucker LA, Bailey BW. A randomized controlled trial to study the effects of breakfast on energy intake, physical activity, and body fat in women who are non habitual breakfast eaters. Appetite. 2017 May 1;112:44–51. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.12.041.
28. Marie-Pierre St-Onge et al. Meal Timing and Frequency: Implications for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. AHA SCIENTIFIC STATEMENT. 2017;135:e96-e121 doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000476
29. Schlundt DG, Hill JO, Sbrocco T, Pope-Cordle J, Sharp T. The role of breakfast in the treatment of obesity: a randomized clinical trial. Am J Clin Nutr 1992;55:645—51.
30. Farshchi HR, Taylor MA, Macdonald IA. Deleterious effects of omitting breakfast on insulin sensitivity and fasting lipid profiles in healthy lean women. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;81:388—96.
31. Heather J Leidy et al. Evaluating the Intervention-Based Evidence Surrounding the Causal Role of Breakfast on Markers of Weight Management, with Specific Focus on Breakfast Composition and Size, Advances in Nutrition, Volume 7, Issue 3, 1 May 2016, Pages 563S—575S, https://doi.org/10.3945/an.115.010223
32. Keys, A., Brozek, J., Henshel, A., Mickelson, O., & Taylor, H.L. (1950). The biology of human starvation, (Vols. 1–2). Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
33. Friedman JM, Halaas JL. Leptin and the regulation of body weight in mammals. Nature. 1998 Oct 22; 395(6704):763—70.
34. Ahima RS, Prabakaran D, Mantzoros C, Qu D, Lowell B, Maratos-Flier E, Flier JS. Role of leptin in the neuroendocrine response to fasting. Nature. 1996 Jul 18; 382(6588):250—2.
35. Schwartz MW, Seeley RJ. Seminars in medicine of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. Neuroendocrine responses to starvation and weight loss. N Engl J Med. 1997 Jun 19; 336(25):1802—11.
36. Dallman MF Et al. Starvation: early signals, sensors, and sequelae. Endocrinology. 1999 Sep;140(9):4015—23.
37. P. VUJOVIC et al. Time-Dependent Effects of Starvation on Serum, Pituitary and Hypothalamic Leptin Levels in Rats. Physiol. Res. 60 (Suppl. 1): S165-S170, 2011
38. Chan JL, Heist K, DePaoli AM, Veldhuis JD, Mantzoros CS. The role of falling leptin levels in the neuroendocrine and metabolic adaptation to short-term starvation in healthy men. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2003;111(9):1409–1421. doi:10.1172/JCI200317490.
39. Sofer S, Eliraz A, Kaplan S, Voet H, Fink G, Kima T, Madar Z. 2011. Greater weight loss and hormonal changes after 6 months diet with carbohydrates eaten mostly at dinner. The Obesity Journal. 19(10): 2006–2014.
40. Alves RD et al. Eating carbohydrate mostly at lunch and protein mostly at dinner within a covert hypocaloric diet influences morning glucose homeostasis in overweight/obese men. Eur J Nutr. 2014 Feb;53(1):49–60. doi: 10.1007/s00394—013—0497—7.
41. Fong M, Caterson ID1, Madigan CD1. Are large dinners associated with excess weight, and does eating a smaller dinner achieve greater weight loss? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Nutr. 2017 Oct;118(8):616–628. doi: 10.1017/S0007114517002550.
42. Katayose Y, Tasaki M, Ogata H, Nakata Y, Tokuyama K, Satoh M. Metabolic rate and fuel utilization during sleep assessed by whole-body indirect calorimetry. Metabolism. 2009 Jul; 58(7):920—6.
43. Romon M, Edme JL, Boulenguez C, Lescroart JL, Frimat P. Circadian variation of diet-induced thermogenesis. Am J Clin Nutr. 1993 Apr; 57(4):476—80.
44. Goo RH, Moore JG, Greenberg E, Alazraki NP Circadian variation in gastric emptying of meals in humans. Gastroenterology. 1987 Sep; 93(3):515—8.
45. Macagnan J., Pattussi M.P., Canuto R., Henn R.L., Fassa A.G., Olinto M.T. Impact of nightshift work on overweight and abdominal obesity among workers of a poultry processing plant in southern Brazil. Chronobiol. Int. 2012;29:336–343. doi: 10.3109/07420528.2011.653851.
46. McHill A.W., Melanson E.L., Higgins J., Connick E., Moehlman T.M., Stothard E.R., Wright K.P., Jr. Impact of circadian misalignment on energy metabolism during simulated nightshift work. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2014;111:17302—17307. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1412021111.
47. Ford E.S., Li C., Wheaton A.G., Chapman D.P., Perry G.S., Croft J.B. Sleep duration and body mass index and waist circumference among U.S. adults. Obesity. 2014;22:598–607. doi: 10.1002/oby.20558.
48. Lindseth G, Lindseth P, Thompson M. Nutritional effects on sleep. West J Nurs Res. 2013 Apr; 35(4): 497–513.
49. Rogers PJ. Food, mood and appetite. Nutr Res Rev. 1995 Jan; 8(1): 243–269.
50. R. James Stubbs, Nik Mazlan, Stephen Whybrow. Carbohydrates, Appetite and Feeding Behavior in Humans. The Journal of Nutrition, Volume 131, Issue 10, 1 October 2001, Pages 2775S—2781S.
51. Vaughn BV et al. Circadian rhythm and sleep influences on digestive physiology and disorders. ChronoPhysiology and Therapy, Volume 4, Published 2 September 2014 Volume 2014:4 Pages 67–77. DOI. dx.doi.org/10.2147/CPT.S44806
